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** Moriarty's blackboard:

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** Moriarty's blackboard:blackboard, already a FreezeFrameBonus, contains a lot more than just the ChekhovsGun for later:
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** Moriarty's blackboard:
*** In multiple places, there are equations trying to solve [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-body_problem the n-body problem]], fitting a doctor of astronomy trying to study the mysteries of gravity and the interaction of celestial bodies.
*** Building on that, he has also written down equations that prove [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painlev%C3%A9_conjecture the Painlevé conjecture]], a solution to the three-body problem, something that wasn't done until the 1990s.
*** There are equations written down that explain self-sustaining electromagnetic waves (i.e. light) and elsewhere, there are equations describing the propogation of waves that seem to be derived from the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz_equation Helmholtz equation]]. Specifically, Moriarty appears to be trying to puzzle out what sort of light beams can exist inside of optical cavities that you would find in a laser, something that wouldn't be invented until the 1960s.
*** Finally, most relevant to the film, Moriarty has a [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s_triangle Pascal's Triangle]], but with lines striking through numbers at an odd angle, the sums of the numbers in each strike-through following [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence the Fibonacci Sequence]]. Based on its tie in "The Art of Domestic Horticulture", as well as a note being given to Moriarty by Moran in Paris that has several numbers on it, Moriarty was using the Triangle and the Fibonacci sequence as the keys for a [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_cipher Book Cipher]], which Holmes deduces and tasks Mary with cracking at the end of the film.
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** The chess game that Holmes and Moriarty play against each other in the finale is based on a real life chess game between chess Grandmasters Bent Larsen and Tigran Petrosian in 1966, where Larsen deliberately sacrificed his queen to Petrosian in a play that seemingly gave no immediate benefit or return to him, but ultimately set up the conditions he would need to checkmate Petrosian. Petrosian realized he had fallen into a trap and conceded the game, but by following the chess moves Holmes and Moriarty verbally announce, you can track a possible sequence of actual chess moves that Larsen and Petrosian could have theoretically played out had the game continued.

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** The chess game that Holmes and Moriarty play against each other in the finale is based on a real life chess game between chess Grandmasters Bent Larsen and Tigran Petrosian in 1966, where Larsen deliberately sacrificed his queen to Petrosian in a play that seemingly gave no immediate benefit or return to him, but ultimately set up the conditions he would need to checkmate Petrosian. Petrosian realized he had fallen into a trap and conceded the game, but by following the chess moves Holmes and Moriarty verbally announce, you can track a possible sequence of actual chess moves that Larsen and Petrosian could have theoretically played out had the game continued. And, of course, within the context of the film, Holmes has defeated Moriarty by playing on his greed, his inability to pass up an opportunity that's too good to be true, and by sacrificing the most powerful piece on the board: Holmes himself.

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