History UsefulNotes / TheHouseOfStuart

->'''Nickname''': ''the Wisest Fool in Christendom''

->'''Nickname''': ''the Martyr''

->'''Nickname''': ''the Merry Monarch''

->'''Nickname''': ''the Sailor King'' (William)

William and Mary were childless. Nobody's sure quite why they had no liveborn children; one hypothesis is that the miscarriage Mary suffered shortly after their marriage led to an infection, while another supposes that their close relationship as first cousins was to blame. At any rate, Mary died in 1694 of smallpox, and William never remarried. The fact that he never remarried and [[ValuesDissonance only had one mistress]] led to rather dubious accusations of homosexuality, though very few historians take that idea seriously. William's own account in his private journal of being extremely distraught at Mary's death lends credence to the view that, while their marriage was political, [[PerfectlyArrangedMarriage William and Mary were simply a good match personally]].

->'''Nickname''': ''The Wisest Fool in Christendom''

->'''Nickname''': ''The Merry Monarch''

->'''Parents''': ''King'' James VI of Scotland/I of England and Anne of Denmark

->'''Parents''': '''King''' James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor of England

->'''Consort''': ''Princess'' Margaret Tudor of England

->'''Consorts''': (1) ''Princess'' Madeleine of Valois (1537); (2) ''Lady'' Mary of Guise (1538-–1542)

->'''Consort''': ''Princess'' Anne of Denmark

->'''Consort''': ''Princess'' Henrietta Maria of France

->'''Consort''': ''Princess'' Catherine of Braganza

->'''Consorts''': (1) Anne Hyde (1660--1671); (2) ''Lady'' Mary of Modena (1673--1701)

->'''Consorts''': (1) ''Princess'' Madeleine of Valois (1537), (2) ''Lady'' Mary of Guise (1538-–1542)

->'''Consort''': (1) ''King'' Francis II of France (1558--1560) (2) Henry Stuart, ''Lord Darnley/1st Duke of Albany'' (1565-–1567) (3) James Hepburn, ''4th Earl of Bothwell'' (1567-–1578)

->'''Consort''': (1) Anne Hyde (1660--1671) (2) ''Lady'' Mary of Modena (1673--1701)

* ''Film/TheFavourite'' is a very loose, darkly comic adaptation of Queen Anne's reign. The film focuses on the relationships that Anne had with two of her ladies-in-waiting, Sarah Churchill, the Duchess of Marlborough, played by Creator/RachelWeisz, and Abigail Masham, who is portrayed by Creator/Emma Stone, as well as Anne’s obsession with bunnies.

* ''Film/TheFavourite'' is a very loose adaptation of Queen Anne's reign.

Further back, we're into the [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfTudor Tudor dynasty]].

!!'''William II & Mary II of Scotland / William III & Mary II of England'''

----

!!'''[[UsefulNotes/MaryOfScotland Queen Mary I of Scotland / Mary, Queen of Scots]]'''

!!'''King James IV of Scotland'''

!!'''King James V of Scotland'''

!!'''[[UsefulNotes/JamesTheFirst King James VI of Scotland / King James I of England]]'''

!!'''[[UsefulNotes/CharlesI King Charles I of England and Scotland]]'''

!!'''[[UsefulNotes/CharlesII King Charles II of England and Scotland]]'''

!!'''King James II of England / King James VII Scotland'''

!!'''King William II & Queen Mary II of Scotland / King William III & Queen Mary II of England'''

!!'''Queen Anne of Great Britain'''

[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/king_james_i_of_england_and_vi_of_scotland_by_john_de_critz_the_elder.jpg]]

[[quoteright:181:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/charlesiengland_8654.jpg]]

!!'''[[UsefulNotes/CharlesII Charles II of England and Scotland]]'''
[[quoteright:242:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/charlesiiengland_1914.jpg]]
'''Lived''': 29 May 1630 –- 6 February 1685
'''Reigned''': 29 May 1660 –- 6 February 1685 (de facto); 30 January 1649 -- 6 February 1685 (officially)
'''Consort''': ''Princess'' Catherine of Braganza

!!'''[[UsefulNotes/JamesTheSecond James II of England / James VII Scotland]]'''
[[quoteright:190:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/jamesiienglane_3244.jpg]]
'''Lived''': 14 October 1633 –- 16 September 1701
'''Reigned''': 6 February 1685 –- 11 December 1688
'''Consort''': (1) Anne Hyde (1660--1671) (2) ''Lady'' Mary of Modena (1673--1701)

!!'''William II and Mary II of Scotland / William III and Mary II of England'''
[[quoteright:242:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/williamiiimaryii_5553.jpg]]
'''Lived''': 4 November 1650 –- 8 March 1702 (William); 30 April 1662 –- 28 December 1694 (Mary)
'''Reigned''': 13 February 1689 –- 8 March 1702 (William); 13 February 1689 –- 28 December 1694 (Mary)
'''Consort''': Each other

After James II fled England for safety at the court of King Louis of France, Parliament declared William and his wife Mary as co-monarchs. The reason for this unique co-monarchy lies in their tangled relationship as husband and wife, first cousins, and descendants of Charles I: Mary was James II's elder daughter, while William was his nephew by his sister, the Princess Royal. Strictly speaking, had current succession laws been in place at the time Mary would have been the sole monarch with Anne as her heiress presumptive and William heir after that, but as James had fled in part because William had brought over his army it was thought best that he co-reign with his wife and cousin. It also helped immensely that William was Dutch, because (1) the English had been fighting the Dutch off and on for dominance of the ocean trade routes for several decades and both sides could use a rest; (2) William brought with him experience with the latest Dutch financial innovations, like cheques, central banking, publicly-traded limited-liability joint-stock companies, and easy credit, which the English moneyed classes were all about adopting; and (3) because the Netherlands was formally a vaguely confederal ''republic'' in which each of the constituent members almost always "happened" to elect the head of the House of Orange their chief magistrate (and which Holland "happened" to dominate), William had experience dealing with the kind of constitutional government that Parliament wanted.

!!'''Anne of Great Britain'''
[[quoteright:212:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/queenanne_9922.jpg]]
'''Lived''': 6 February 1665 –- 1 August 1714
'''Reigned''': 8 March 1702 –- 1 August 1714
'''Consort''': ''Prince'' George of Denmark

!!'''James IV of Scotland'''
[[quoteright:94:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/jamesivscotland_2771.jpg]]
'''Lived''': 17 March 1473 –- 9 September 1513
'''Reigned''': 11 June 1488 –- 9 September 1513
'''Consort''': ''Princess'' Margaret Tudor of England

!!'''James V of Scotland'''
[[quoteright:103:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/jamesvscotland_4989.jpg]]
'''Lived''': 10 April 1512 –- 14 December 1542
'''Reigned''': 9 September 1513 –- 14 December 1542
'''Consort''': (1) ''Princess'' Madeleine of Valois (1537) (2) ''Lady'' Mary of Guise (1538-–1542)

James died of the sideeffects of what is believed to have been a nervous collapse after receiving word of his army's [[CurbstompBattle crushing defeat]] to the English at the Battle of Solway Moss in 1542.


!!'''[[UsefulNotes/MaryOfScotland Mary I of Scotland / Mary, Queen of Scots]]'''
[[quoteright:132:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/maryqueenscotland_6825.jpg]]
'''Lived''': 8 December 1542 –- 8 February 1587
'''Reigned''': 14 December 1542 –- 24 July 1567
'''Consort''': (1) ''King'' Francis II of France (1558--1560) (2) Henry Stuart, ''Lord Darnley/1st Duke of Albany'' (1565-–1567) (3) James Hepburn, ''4th Earl of Bothwell'' (1567-–1578)

!!'''[[UsefulNotes/JamesTheFirst James VI of Scotland / James I of England]]'''
[[quoteright:185:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/jamesvi_7713.jpg]]
'''Lived''': 19 June 1566 –- 27 March 1625
'''Reigned''': 24 July 1567 – 27 March 1625 (Scotland); 24 March 1603 –- 27 March 1625 (England)
'''Consort''': ''Princess'' Anne of Denmark

!!'''[[UsefulNotes/CharlesI Charles I of England and Scotland]]'''

'''Lived''': 19 November 1600 –- 30 January 1649
'''Reigned''': 27 March 1625 –- 30 January 1649
'''Consort''': ''Princess'' Henrietta Maria of France

* King James I is referenced a few times in [[Franchise/DisneyAnimatedCanon Disney's]] ''Disney/{{Pocahontas}}''. Most notably, he appears in Governor Ratcliffe's ImagineSpot during the song "Mine, Mine, Mine". In the DirectToVideo sequel ''Disney/PocahontasIIJourneyToANewWorld'', King James appears in person as a supporting character, voiced by Creator/JimCummings and portrayed as an easily manipulated buffoon.

->-- "I Will Maintain" being the motto of the House of Orange.

William and Mary were childless. Nobody's sure quite why they had no liveborn children; one hypothesis is that the miscarriage Mary suffered shortly after their marriage led to an infection, while another supposes that their close relationship as first cousins was to blame. At any rate, Mary died in 1694 of smallpox, and William never remarried. The fact that he never remarried and [[ValuesDissonance only had one mistress]] led to rather dubious accusations of homosexuality, though very few historians take that idea seriously.

A few things are named for her. Annapolis, the capital of Maryland and location of the [[UsefulNotes/YanksWithTanks United States Naval Academy]], may have been named for her while she was still a princess (or it may have been named for Lord Baltimore's wife Anne Arundel like the county in which it sits); so was the plant Queen Anne's lace (unless it was named for her grandmother Anne of Denmark) and Blackbeard's {{pirate}} ship, the ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' (nobody's really sure why).

Mary instead married into the French royal family, the House of Valois, and spent a brief time as Queen-Consort of France. After her husband died, she returned to her own kingdom of Scotland. She remarried, this time to her cousin, Lord Darnley, a nobleman from Yorkshire who had a reasonably strong claim to the English throne[[note]]The same as Mary herself: Darnley and Mary were both grandchildren of Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII's sister. However, Darnley's claim to the English throne was considered stronger than Mary's by virtue of the fact that he and his mother had been born and raised in England, while Mary was an alien. Under English law, aliens could not inherit property.[[/note]] and a more distant one to the Scottish (he was a member of the House of Stuart in the male line, descending from the second cousin of the first Stuart king Robert II). Lord Darnley later died under suspicious circumstances, and Mary married his suspected killer (likely because he'd also kidnapped and raped her, rendering her "soiled" if she didn't under the mores of the time).

It didn't go well, he and much of the Scottish nobility were crushed at the Battle of Flodden Field. His big weakness was some rather old-school tactics, such as informing your enemy of your invasion several months in advance and fighting on the front line along with his men plus the ever deadly English Longbows. He was the last British monarch to die in a war. His body passed around various nobles and his head was used as a plaything. Flodden Field was also the last real battle in Britain involving spears and arrows.

** Furthermore, the parliament prominently displays a copy of the execution warrant of Charles I in the vesting room where the Monarch puts on the Royal Regalia before the speech, just to drive home the point on who is really in charge here. In return, the Commons is required to send an MP to Buckingham Palace to serve as hostage to ensure the safe return of the Monarch. Apparently, [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rMDdetCA-M the Palace is still duty-bound to shoot that hapless MP if something bad should happen to Her Majesty]].

Became King in Scotland at only 1 year old (his mother having been deposed) and had various regents, who may or may not have been [[EvilChancellor Evil Chancellors]] but who certainly were [[AbusiveParents Evil Guardians]]. Evil or no, they were all definitely Protestants, and made sure he was raised in the Protestant Church of Scotland. Still, three child monarchs for Scotland in a row...

!!'''Charles II of England and Scotland'''

The Bill of Rights passed in 1689 had stipulated that Mary's sister Anne would succeed William and Mary to the throne should Mary die childless.[[note]]Had William remarried, his children with his new wife would have come after Anne and her issue in the line of succession.[[/note]] William died of complications from a fall in 1702, and Anne was crowned shortly thereafter.

The other memorable thing about Queen Anne is that she was the last ever British monarch to veto a law. [[note]]The Scottish Militia Bill. Nobody is quite sure what was in the law that she objected to; the main theories are that the proposed militia was unpopular, or else that she was worried about creating a rival power base.[[/note]] At one point she was primarily famous for being dead; "Dead as Queen Anne" is a common expression in novels from [[UsefulNotes/VictorianBritain the Victorian era]] and TheEdwardianEra. Nowadays, she isn't even famous for that.