History UsefulNotes / TheHouseOfStuart

* Since then, the monarch has been banned from entering the House of Commons. For the State Opening of Parliament, a messenger known as the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod (or Lady Usher if they are female) is sent. The door is ceremonially slammed in their face when they approach, so they bangs on it with their titular big stick. ''Then'' they are let in and invites the [=MPs=] to the King's Speech. Since at least the 1980s, republican Labour MP Dennis Skinner has made a habit of making a snarky remark in response, to which everyone else will laugh heartily; which unfortunately no one has picked up the role since he left Parliament. Then they all get up and stroll--not process, but stroll--across the way to the House of Lords, which, as a sign of their independence, they enter talking loudly and making jokes; in another bit of "Commons against the Crown" camaraderie, the Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition usually walk together, as do the Cabinet members and corresponding Shadow Cabinet members.

* Since then, the monarch has been banned from entering the House of Commons. For the State Opening of Parliament, a messenger known as the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod is sent. The door is ceremonially slammed in his face when he approaches, so he bangs on it with his titular big stick. ''Then'' he's let in and invites the [=MPs=] to the Queen's Speech. Since at least the 1980s, republican Labour MP Dennis Skinner has made a habit of making a snarky remark in response, to which everyone else will laugh heartily; it's unclear if someone else will make a tradition of it after he leaves Parliament. Then they all get up and stroll--not process, but stroll--across the way to the House of Lords, which, as a sign of their independence, they enter talking loudly and making jokes; in another bit of "Commons against the Crown" camaraderie, the Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition usually walk together, as do the Cabinet members and corresponding Shadow Cabinet members.

->'''Lived''': 29 May 1630 –- 6 February 1685\\

James died of the side effects of what is believed to have been a nervous collapse after receiving word of his army's [[CurbstompBattle crushing defeat]] to the English at the Battle of Solway Moss in 1542. He would be the last monarch to die in Scotland, until UsefulNotes/ElizabethII 480 years later.

She's mainly remembered for having been pregnant at least 17 times (one pregnancy was with twins), meaning Anne had at least 18 children. Tragically, most of Anne’s pregnancies resulted in either miscarriage or stillbirth. Only 5 children were born alive, and only 3 lived for more than a day. A son, William, Duke of Gloucester and two daughters (named Mary and Anne Sophia) survived. The surviving daughters died before the age of 2 and William passed away aged 11, shortly after his birthday. As with Anne’s sister Mary nobody's sure exactly why this happened, but the consensus as of 2013 is either an infection (listeria and herpes being leading candidates, the latter quite likely transmitted to her via her husband), lupus, a gynecological disorder, or most likely Hughes Syndrome (a condition which makes someone’s blood sticky and thick, and sticky blood is almost impossible for pregnancy). No matter the reason, she died childless at the age of 49, and was succeeded by her second cousin George I of UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfHanover. She only barely survived his mother Sophia, the Electress of Hanover, the originally-designated heiress in the Act of Settlement 1701 (from whom all heirs to the British throne today descend) by several weeks -- the much older Sophia, unlike Anne, had enjoyed rude good health (and fecundity, obviously) for her entire life and died at the age of ''83'' after getting caught in a downpour. Sophia remains the oldest heir to the British throne in history.

Sadly - for James - and fortunately for England, Henry VIII had left behind one last line of defence: his wife, Catherine of Aragon, and the Duke of Norfolk. Thanks to James's biggest weaknesses: some rather old-school tactics, ''such as informing your enemy of your invasion several months in advance'' (meaning Catherine and Norfolk knew ''exactly'' when and where James would be turning up!), and fighting on the front line along with his men plus the ever deadly English Longbows, Catherine and Norfolk were able to plan well, gathering forces to their side: Norfolk may have been old - he was seventy at the time - but he had survived the Wars of the Roses in one piece, which not many could claim, and was ''experienced''; this, along with the fact that Catherine knew battle (having seen her own parents plan and fight battles with her own eyes) also helped the English to Victory.

It didn't go well, he and much of the Scottish nobility were crushed at the Battle of Flodden Field. His big weakness was some rather old-school tactics, such as informing your enemy of your invasion several months in advance and fighting on the front line along with his men plus the ever deadly English Longbows. He was the last British monarch to die in a war. His bloodstained surcoat was sent by Katherine of Aragon to her husband, at war in France at the time, as a trophy, while James's body passed around various nobles and his head was used as a plaything. Flodden Field was also the last real battle in Britain involving spears and arrows.

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* King James I is referenced a few times in [[Franchise/DisneyAnimatedCanon Disney's]] ''WesternAnimation/{{Pocahontas}}''. Most notably, he appears in Governor Ratcliffe's ImagineSpot during the song "Mine, Mine, Mine". In the DirectToVideo sequel ''WesternAnimation/PocahontasIIJourneyToANewWorld'', King James appears in person as a supporting character, voiced by Creator/JimCummings and portrayed as an easily manipulated buffoon.

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** Furthermore, the parliament prominently displays a copy of the execution warrant of Charles I in the vesting room where the Monarch puts on the Royal Regalia before the speech, just to drive home the point on who is really in charge here. In return, the Commons is required to send an MP to Buckingham Palace to serve as hostage to ensure the safe return of the Monarch. Apparently, the Palace is still duty-bound to shoot that hapless MP if something bad should happen to Her Majesty.

His mother Marjorie was initially passed over as Robert I's heir by Parliament in favor of his brother Edward, then [[DeathByChildbirth died from probable childbirth complications]] not long after delivering Robert, but Edward's death in battle in 1318 sent the succession back to him. Then he became second in line when his grandfather had a son, David.

As a teen, Robert Stewart fought in a [[SuccessionCrisis war of succession]] during the minority of David II when Edward Balliol, son of the deposed ex-King of Scotland John Balliol, tried to press his claim to the throne against David with the backing of [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfPlantagenet Edward III]], sparking the Second War of Scottish Independence. In 1334 he was appointed Guardian of Scotland--regent for David II, who was in hiding in France--along with John Randolph, Earl of Moray, then submitted to John Balliol and lost the job in 1335. Then he regained it when David II was taken prisoner at the Battle of Neville's Cross in 1346, then was finally relieved of the position permanently when the 1357 Treaty of Berwick ended the war and ransomed David for 100,000 merks, to be paid in installments.

The son of the High Steward of Scotland and maternal grandson of UsefulNotes/RobertTheBruce, hero of the Second War of Scottish Independence, Robert Stewart's entire life was wracked with drama.

As a teen, Robert Stewart fought in a [[SuccessionCrisis war of succession]] during the minority of David II when Edward Balliol, son of the deposed ex-King of Scotland John Balliol, tried to press his claim to the throne against David with the backing of [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfPlantagenet Edward III]], sparking the Second War of Scottish Independence. In 1334 he was appointed Guardian of Scotland--regent for David II, who was in hiding in France--along with John Randolph, Earl of Moray, then submitted to John Balliol and lost the job in 1335. Then he regained it when David II was taken prisoner at the Battle of Neville's Cross in 1346, finally relieved of the position permanently when the 1357 Treaty of Berwick ended the war and ransomed David for 100,000 merks, to be paid in installments.

That ransom of itself led to further trouble: David used much of the money for other purposes and then tried to get out from under it by bequeathing the succession to Edward III's son Lionel, Duke of Clarence. The Scottish Council (parliament) threw this out in favor of keeping Robert Stewart as his heir, which led to a brief rebellion against David by Robert himself.

The Stuarts traced their lineage to a 12th-century Norman-[[UsefulNotes/DepartementalIssues Breton]] knight named Walter Fitzalan, who came to England and supported [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfNormandy Empress Matilda]] in [[SuccessionCrisis the Anarchy]]. When Matilda lost to Stephen, Walter moved to Scotland, as he had befriended Matilda's uncle, King David I of Scots. David liked Walter so much that he appointed him High Steward of Scotland, and made the position hereditary for Walter's descendants, who subsequently became known as the "Stewarts" (reflecting Scots pronunciation of the position); they intermarried with the various Scottish royal families over the generations, and in 1371 Robert Stewart--son of Marjorie, daughter of UsefulNotes/RobertTheBruce, and her husband William Stewart--inherited the throne from his uncle David II. Thus the dynasty was called Stewart until Mary Queen of Scots changed the spelling (her French in-laws kept mispronouncing it).

The Stuarts traced their lineage to a 12th-century Norman-[[UsefulNotes/DepartementalIssues Breton]] knight named Walter Fitzalan, who came to England and supported [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfNormandy Empress Matilda]] in [[SuccessionCrisis the Anarchy]]. When Matilda lost to Stephen, Walter moved to Scotland, as he had befriended Matilda's uncle, King David I of Scots. David liked Walter so much that he appointed him High Steward of Scotland, and made the position hereditary for Walter's descendants, who subsequently became known as the "Stewarts" (reflecting Scots pronunciation of the position); they intermarried with the various Scottish royal families over the generations, and in 1371 Robert Stewart, son of Marjorie Bruce, daughter of UsefulNotes/RobertTheBruce, inherited the throne from his uncle David II. Thus the dynasty was called Stewart until Mary Queen of Scots changed the spelling (her French in-laws kept mispronouncing it).

Anne was succeeded by her second cousin Georg Ludwig, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Elector of Hanover for the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, who was coronated as George I, first King of UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfHanover.

The Stuarts traced their lineage to a 12th-century Norman-[[UsefulNotes/DepartementalIssues Breton]] knight named Walter Fitzalan, who came to England and supported [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfNormandy Empress Matilda]] in [[SuccessionCrisis the Anarchy]]. When Matilda lost to Stephen, Walter moved to Scotland, as he had befriended Matilda's uncle, King David I of Scots. David liked Walter so much that he appointed him High Steward of Scotland, and made the position hereditary for Walter's descendants, who subsequently became known as the "Stewarts" (reflecting Scots pronunciation of the position); they intermarried with the various Scottish royal families over the generations, and in 1371 Robert Stewart inherited the throne (when David II, last male-line member of the House of Bruce, died) and became Robert II of Scots. Thus the dynasty was called Stewart until Mary Queen of Scots changed the spelling (her French in-laws kept mispronouncing it).

->'''Lived''': 17 March 1473 –- 9 September 1513
->'''Reigned''': 11 June 1488 –- 9 September 1513
->'''Parents''': ''King'' James III of Scotland and Margaret of Denmark
->'''Consort''': Margaret Tudor of England

->'''Lived''': 10 April 1512 –- 14 December 1542
->'''Reigned''': 9 September 1513 –- 14 December 1542
->'''Parents''': ''King'' James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor of England
->'''Consorts''': (1) Madeleine of Valois (1537); (2) Mary of Guise (1538-–1542)

->'''Lived''': 8 December 1542 –- 8 February 1587
->'''Reigned''': 14 December 1542 –- 24 July 1567
->'''Parents''': ''King'' James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise
->'''Consorts''': (1) ''King'' Francis II of France (1558--1560); (2) Henry Stuart, ''Lord Darnley/1st Duke of Albany'' (1565-–1567); (3) James Hepburn, ''4th Earl of Bothwell'' (1567-–1578)

!!'''[[UsefulNotes/JamesTheFirst James VI of Scotland / James I of England]]'''

->'''Lived''': 19 June 1566 –- 27 March 1625
->'''Reigned''': 24 July 1567 – 27 March 1625 (Scotland); 24 March 1603 –- 27 March 1625 (England)
->'''Parents''': Henry Stuart, ''Lord Darnley'' and Mary, Queen of Scots
->'''Consort''': Anne of Denmark
->'''Nickname''': ''The Wisest Fool in Christendom''; ''Scottish Jimmy''

->'''Lived''': 19 November 1600 –- 30 January 1649
->'''Reigned''': 27 March 1625 –- 30 January 1649
->'''Parents''': ''King'' James VI & I and Anne of Denmark
->'''Consort''': Henrietta Maria of France
->'''Nickname''': ''The Martyr''

->'''Lived''': 29 May 1630 –- 6 February 1685
->'''Reigned''': 29 May 1660 –- 6 February 1685 (de facto); 30 January 1649 -- 6 February 1685 (officially)
->'''Parents''': ''King'' Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France
->'''Consort''': Catherine of Braganza
->'''Nickname''': ''The Merry Monarch''

--> We have a pretty witty king,
--> And whose word no man relies on,
--> He never said a foolish thing,
--> And never did a wise one
--> -- Charles Wilmot, Earl of Rochester

--> -- Charles II

->'''Lived''': 14 October 1633 –- 16 September 1701
->'''Reigned''': 6 February 1685 –- 11 December 1688
->'''Parents''': ''King'' Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France
->'''Consorts''': (1) Anne Hyde (1660--1671); (2) Mary of Modena (1673--1701)

->'''Lived''': 4 November 1650 –- 8 March 1702 (William); 30 April 1662 –- 28 December 1694 (Mary)
->'''Reigned''': 13 February 1689 –- 8 March 1702 (William); 13 February 1689 –- 28 December 1694 (Mary)
->'''Parents''': ''King'' William II, ''Prince of Orange'' and Mary, ''Princess Royal'' (William); ''King'' James II & VII and Anne Hyde (Mary)

->'''Lived''': 6 February 1665 –- 1 August 1714
->'''Reigned''': 8 March 1702 –- 1 August 1714
->'''Parents''': ''King'' James II & VII and Anne Hyde
->'''Consort''': ''Prince'' George of Denmark and Norway

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< Prior to these guys was the [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfTudor Tudor Dynasty]]\\\
> After these guys, we're into the [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfHanover Hanover Dynasty]]

!!'''Mary II of England & William III/Mary II of Scots and William II'''

!!'''Mary II of England & William III/Mary II of Scots and William III'''

!!'''William III & Mary II of England / William II & Mary II of Scotland'''

She's mainly remembered for having been pregnant at least 17 times. Two of her children survived infancy, but neither reached adulthood; most of her pregnancies ended in stillbirths. As with Mary nobody's sure exactly why this happened, but the consensus as of 2013 is either an infection (listeria and herpes being leading candidates, the latter quite likely transmitted to her via her husband), lupus, or a gynecological disorder. No matter the reason, she died childless at the age of 49, and was succeeded by her second cousin George I of UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfHanover. She only barely survived his mother Sophia, the Electress of Hanover, the originally-designated heiress in the Act of Settlement 1701 (from whom all heirs to the British throne today descend) by several weeks -- the much older Sophia, unlike Anne, had enjoyed rude good health (and fecundity, obviously) for her entire life and died at the age of ''83'' after getting caught in a downpour. Sophia remains the oldest heir to the British throne in history.