History UsefulNotes / Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan's politics since then have been pretty tumultuous. Since independence, the country has experienced no less than ''three'' revolutions. The first occurred in 2005, deposing the country's first president, Askar Akayev. He had won some praise for reforming parts of the economy through his technocratic credentials, but he increasingly became autocratic. Not to mention the claims that he is a descendant of a medieval Kyrgyz hero and the rumors that Boris Yeltsin of Russia had played drums on his balding head while drunk. The second revolution happened flared up in 2010, when protesters accused then-President Kurmanbek Bakiyev of being ending up like Akayev. He was sacked from his post, and a woman named Roza Otunbayeva, a former foreign minister, led a transitional government, before Almazbek Atambayev, who served as prime minister during her presidency, took over.

Kyrgyzstan ('''Kyrgyz:''' ''Кыргызстан''; '''Russian:''' ''Киргизия''), officially known as Kyrgyz Republic ('''Kyrgyz:''' ''Кыргыз Республикасы Kırğız Respublikası''; '''Russian:''' ''Кыргызская Республика'') and also called Kirghizia, is a Central Asian country bordered by UsefulNotes/{{Kazakhstan}} in the North, UsefulNotes/{{China}} in the east, UsefulNotes/{{Uzbekistan}} and UsefulNotes/{{Tajikistan}} in the west and south. It was formerly a part of the [[UsefulNotes/SovietRussiaUkraineAndSoOn Soviet Union]].

The latest revolution happened in 2020, following a contested election in which allies of the incumbent President Sooronbay Jeenbekov claimed the majority vote. Opposition supporters subsequently led a massive rally, occupying government buildings and forcing the election commission to annul the election results. Jeenbekov stepped down and the newly-elected prime minister, Sadyr Japarov (whom Jeenbekov had imprisoned in 2017 for advocating nationalization of a gold mine operated by a Canadian company), assumed presidency until a repeat election scheduled no later than January 2021.

The first president of Kyrgyzstan was Askar Akayev. While his technocratic credentials earned him some praise for reforming parts of the economy, he increasingly became autocratic. Not to mention the claims that he is a descendant of a medieval Kyrgyz hero and the rumors that Boris Yeltsin of Russia had played drums on his balding head while drunk.

All in all, Akayev was deposed in 2005 during protests against his regime.

Then a second Kyrgyz revolution flared up in 2010, the protesters accusing President Kurmanbek Bakiyev of being ending up like Akayev. Like his predecessor, he was soon sacked from his post, and a woman named Roza Otunbayeva, a former foreign minister, led a transitional government, before Almazbek Atambayev, who served as prime minister during her presidency, took over. Though the transition was chaotic, two revolutions had nevertheless managed to bring the country from the post-communist authoritarian mentality that plagues most of the former Eastern Bloc. The 2017 election, the first time all candidates stood a chance to win, made quite a spectacle in the international stage. According to analysts, it is the only Central Asian country that can genuinely be called a democracy (albeit a seriously flawed one).

Other than political issues, Kyrgzystan also deals with a poor economic record, as the fall of communism dealt a huge blow to its industrial sector, while agriculture remains the major occupation of the population. It just barely qualifies as a lower-middle income country according to the World Bank and ranks among the poorest ex-Soviet states, right above Tajikistan. In addition, it has a history of ugly race riots, particularly between its Kyrgyz majority and Uzbek minority.

** President: Sooronbay Jeenbekov
** Prime Minister: Sadyr Zhaparov
** Speaker of Parliament: Myktybek Abdyldayev

* Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic

** Prime Minister: Kubatbek Boronov
** Speaker of Parliament: Dastan Jumabekov

----

Then a second Kyrgyz revolution flared up in 2010, the protesters accusing President Kurmanbek Bakiyev of being ending up like Akayev. Like his predecessor, he was soon sacked from his post, and a woman named Roza Otunbayeva, a former foreign minister, led a transitional government. Occasional flareups between the Kyrgyz majority and the Uzbek minority, often causing violent riots, have also been a source of trouble in the country, not to mention poor economic record. Two revolutions had nevertheless managed to bring the country from the post-communist authoritarian mentality that plagues most of the former Eastern Bloc (it is definitely the only one in Central Asia). The 2017 election, the first time all candidates stood a chance to win, made quite a spectacle in the international stage.

In their new land, the Kyrgyz were mostly subservient to peoples who claimed the area. They were under control of the Qara Khitai in the 12th century, then the Mongols in the 13th century, the Chagatai from the 13th to the 17th century, and the Oirats until the 18th century. TheBlackDeath, which devastated Europe in the 14th century, is believed to have originated from Lake Issy-Kul in the northeast of the country, with the lake being a stopover on TheSilkRoad and medieval merchants unknowingly carrying infested vermin from the region along with them.

In their new land, the Kyrgyz were mostly subservient to peoples who claimed the area. They were under control of the Qara Khitai in the 12th century, then the Mongols in the 13th century, the Chagatai from the 13th to the 17th century, and the Oirats until the 18th century.

Kyrgyzstan ('''Kyrgyz:''' ''Кыргызстан''; '''Russian:''' ''Киргизия''), officially known as Kyrgyz Republic ('''Kyrgyz:''' ''Кыргыз Республикасы Kyrgyz Respublikasy''; '''Russian:''' ''Кыргызская Республика''), is a Central Asian country bordered by UsefulNotes/{{Kazakhstan}} in the North, UsefulNotes/{{China}} in the east, UsefulNotes/{{Uzbekistan}} and UsefulNotes/{{Tajikistan}} in the west and south. It was formerly a part of the [[UsefulNotes/SovietRussiaUkraineAndSoOn Soviet Union]].

UsefulNotes/TsaristRussia expanded to Kyrgyzstan during the 19th century, taking the land from [[UsefulNotes/DynastyFromShangToQing Qing China]]. Revolts during the [[UsefulNotes/RedOctober Russian Revolution]] by the native Kyrgyz only ended in failure, and they were incorporated to the USSR, getting SSR status in 1936. The Kyrgyz were often lumped together with the Kazakhs, the word Kara-Kyrgyz was used to the actual Kyrgyz.

Then a second Kyrgyz revolution flared up in 2010, the protesters accusing President Kurmanbek Bakiyev of being ending up like Akayev. Like his predecessor, he was soon sacked from his post, and a woman named Roza Otunbayeva, a former foreign minister, led a transitional government. Occasional flareups between the Kyrgyz majority and the Uzbek minority, often causing violent riots, have also been a source of trouble in the country, not to mention poor economic record. Two revolutions had nevertheless managed to bring the country from the post-communist authoritarian mentality that plagues most of the former Eastern Bloc (it is definitely the only one in Central Asia). The 2017 election, the first time all candidates stand a chance to win, made quite a spectacle in the international stage.

Kyrgyzstan ('''Kyrgyz:''' ''Кыргызстан''; '''Russian:''' ''Киргизия''), officially known as Kyrgyz Republic ('''Kyrgyz:''' ''Кыргыз Республикасы Kyrgyz Respublikasy''; '''Russian:''' ''Кыргызская Республика''), is a Central Asian country bordered by Kazakhstan from the North, China in the east, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the west and south. It was formerly a part of the Soviet Union.

When the Uyghurs took control of the Khaganate in the 8th century, the Kyrgyz began to emigrate to the conquered areas, partly due to the increasing pressure from the Mongols. From this time, two lines of the Kyrgyz branched off. Those who remained behind inherited the language and faith of their Yenisei forefathers. A small community of them still exists in China's Xinjiang and Manchuria. Meanwhile, the numerically larger emigrants crossed paths with two unrelated Turkic confederations: the Cuman-Kipchaks in the northwest and the Karluk Kara-Khanids in the southwest. From the former, they adopted their language, while from the latter, they adopted Islam.

In their new land, the Kyrgyz were mostly subservient to peoples who claimed the area. They were under control of the Qara Khitai in the 12nd century, then the Mongols in the 13th century, the Chagatai from the 13th to the 17th century, and the Oirats until the 18th century

UsefulNotes/TsaristRussia expanded to Kyrgyzstan during the 19th century, taking the land from Qing China. Revolts during the Russian Revolution by the native Kyrgyz only ended in failure, and they were incorporated to the USSR, getting SSR status in 1936. The Kyrgyz were often lumped together with the Kazakhs, the word Kara-Kyrgyz was used to the actual Kyrgyz.

While industrialization in the country merited some successes, the country was swept away by the events of the fall of the Soviet Union. Kyrgyzstan later declared independence in 1991.

Then a second Kyrgyz revolution flared up in 2010, the protesters accusing President Kurmanbek Bakiyev of being ending up like Akayev. Like his predecessor, he was soon sacked from his post, and a woman named Roza Otunbayeva, a former foreign minister, led a transitional government. Occasional flareups between the Kyrgyz majority and the Uzbek minority, often causing violent riots, have also been a source of trouble in the country, not to mention poor economic record. Almazbek Atambayev then succeeded Otunbayeva as President in 2011.

The first president of Kyrgyzstan was Askar Akayev. While his technocratic credentials earned him some praise for reforming parts of the economy, he was increasingly became autocratic. Not to mention the claims that he is a descendant of a medieval Kyrgyz hero and the rumors that Boris Yeltsin of Russia had played drums on his balding head while drunk.

Early Chinese and Muslim sources state that the early Kyrgyz were red-haired and blond. Today, most Kyrgyz are of mixed Eurasian descent, although East Asian features seem have more dominance.

Kyrgyzstan ('''Kyrgyz:''' ''Кыргызстан''; '''Russian:''' ''Киргизия''), officially known as Kyrgyz Republic ('''Kyrgyz:''' ''Кыргыз Республикасы Kyrgyz Respublikasy''; '''Russian:''' ''Кыргызская Республика''), is a Central Asian country bordered by Kazakhstan from the North, China in the east, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the west and south. It is a former Soviet republic, and is known as a mountainous country.

The Kyrgyz originally lived in Mongolia and Siberia. Expansion in the 12th and 13th centuries, not helped at all by UsefulNotes/GenghisKhan's conquests, had forced the Kyrgyz to settle in its present-day territory. They were hemmed down by the Kokand khanate in Uzbekistan and the Manchurians in the East during the Qing Dynasty. While early Chinese and Muslim sources state that the early Kyrgyz people were red-haired and blond, today, just like the Kazakhs, [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Kyrgyz_girl_Tash_Rabat.jpg they]] [[http://www.plumdeluxe.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Our-hostess.JPG are]] [[http://www.advantour.com/img/kyrgyzstan/photogallery/Kyrgiz-people.jpg not]] [[https://bishkekblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/img_5077.jpg that]] [[http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2203/1769876275_a8c9e0a73e.jpg different]] [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Kyrgyz_military_people_in_Nov._2013.jpg looking]] from East Asian people, modern Kyrgyz being a mixed race of both European and East Asian descent like other Central Asian peoples; in fact, some people might be surprised that the country is inhabited by these Muslim [[InterchangeableAsianCultures "Chinese"]] ([[CriticalResearchFailure with the implication that such]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui_people a possibility]] [[CriticalResearchFailure could not exist]]). Islamic and Turkic culture apart, the Kyrgyz also had a nomadic culture similar to the Kazakhs and Mongols.

UsefulNotes/TsaristRussia expanded to Kyrgyzstan during the 19th century. Revolts during the Russian Revolution by the native Kyrgyz only ended in failure, and they were incorporated to the USSR, getting SSR status in 1936. The Kyrgyz were often lumped together with the Kazakhs, the word Kara-Kyrgyz was used to the actual Kyrgyz.

The Kyrgyz originally lived in Mongolia and Siberia. Expansion in the 12th and 13th centuries, not helped at all by UsefulNotes/GenghisKhan's conquests, had forced the Kyrgyz to settle in its present-day territory. They were hemmed down by the Kokand khanate in Uzbekistan and the Manchurians in the East during the Qing Dynasty. While early Chinese and Muslim sources state that the early Kyrgyz people were red-haired and blond, today, just like the Kazakhs, [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Kyrgyz_girl_Tash_Rabat.jpg they]] [[http://www.plumdeluxe.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Our-hostess.JPG are]] [[http://www.advantour.com/img/kyrgyzstan/photogallery/Kyrgiz-people.jpg not]] [[https://bishkekblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/img_5077.jpg that]] [[http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2203/1769876275_a8c9e0a73e.jpg different]] [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Kyrgyz_military_people_in_Nov._2013.jpg looking]] from East Asian people, Kyrgyz being a mixed race of both European and East Asian descent like other Central Asian peoples; in fact, some people might be surprised that the country is inhabited by these Muslim [[InterchangeableAsianCultures "Chinese"]] ([[CriticalResearchFailure with the implication that such]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui_people a possibility]] [[CriticalResearchFailure could not exist]]). Islamic and Turkic culture apart, the Kyrgyz also had a nomadic culture similar to the Kazakhs and Mongols.

The Kyrgyz originally lived in Mongolia and Siberia. Expansion in the 12th and 13th centuries, not helped at all by UsefulNotes/GenghisKhan's conquests, had forced the Kyrgyz to settle in its present-day territory. They were hemmed down by the Kokand khanate in Uzbekistan and the Manchurians in the East during the Qing Dynasty. While early Chinese and Muslim sources state that the early Kyrgyz people were red-haired and blond, today, just like the Kazakhs, [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Kyrgyz_girl_Tash_Rabat.jpg they]] [[http://www.plumdeluxe.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Our-hostess.JPG are]] [[http://www.advantour.com/img/kyrgyzstan/photogallery/Kyrgiz-people.jpg not]] [[https://bishkekblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/img_5077.jpg that]] [[http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2203/1769876275_a8c9e0a73e.jpg different]] [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Kyrgyz_military_people_in_Nov._2013.jpg looking]] from East Asian people, the result of being a mixed race of both European and East Asian descent like other Central Asian peoples (Some looking more East Asian like Kazakhs and Kyrgyz, some looking more European like Turkmens and Tajiks, and others being somewhere in the middle like Uzbeks); in fact, some people might be surprised that the country is inhabited by these Muslim [[InterchangeableAsianCultures "Chinese"]] ([[CriticalResearchFailure with the implication that such]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui_people a possibility]] [[CriticalResearchFailure could not exist]]). Islamic and Turkic culture apart, the Kyrgyz also had a nomadic culture similar to the Kazakhs and Mongols.

The Kyrgyz originally lived in Mongolia and Siberia. Expansion in the 12th and 13th centuries, not helped at all by UsefulNotes/GenghisKhan's conquests, had forced the Kyrgyz to settle in its present-day territory. They were hemmed down by the Kokand khanate in Uzbekistan and the Manchurians in the East during the Qing Dynasty. While early Chinese and Muslim sources state that the early Kyrgyz people were red-haired and blond, today, just like the Kazakhs, [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Kyrgyz_girl_Tash_Rabat.jpg they]] [[http://www.plumdeluxe.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Our-hostess.JPG are]] [[http://www.advantour.com/img/kyrgyzstan/photogallery/Kyrgiz-people.jpg not]] [[https://bishkekblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/img_5077.jpg that]] [[http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2203/1769876275_a8c9e0a73e.jpg different]] [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Kyrgyz_military_people_in_Nov._2013.jpg looking]] from other East Asian people; in fact, some people might be surprised that the country is inhabited by these Muslim [[InterchangeableAsianCultures "Chinese"]] ([[CriticalResearchFailure with the implication that such]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui_people a possibility]] [[CriticalResearchFailure could not exist]]). Islamic and Turkic culture apart, the Kyrgyz also had a nomadic culture similar to the Kazakhs and Mongols.

The Kyrgyz originally lived in Mongolia and Siberia. Expansion in the 12th and 13th centuries, not helped at all by UsefulNotes/GenghisKhan's conquests, had forced the Kyrgyz to settle in its present-day territory. They were hemmed down by the Kokand khanate in Uzbekistan and the Manchurians in the East during the Qing Dynasty. While early Chinese and Muslim sources state that the early Kyrgyz people were red-haired and blond, today, just like the Kazakhs, [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Kyrgyz_girl_Tash_Rabat.jpg they]] [[http://www.plumdeluxe.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Our-hostess.JPG are]] [[http://www.advantour.com/img/kyrgyzstan/photogallery/Kyrgiz-people.jpg not]] [[https://bishkekblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/img_5077.jpg that]] [[http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2203/1769876275_a8c9e0a73e.jpg different]] [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Kyrgyz_military_people_in_Nov._2013.jpg looking]] from other East Asian people; in fact, some people might be surprised that the country is inhabited by these Muslim [[Main/{{Interchangeable Asian Cultures}} "Chinese"]] ([[Main/{{CriticalResearchFailure}} with the implication that such]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui_people a possibility]] [[Main/{{CriticalResearchFailure}} could not exist]]). Islamic and Turkic culture apart, the Kyrgyz also had a nomadic culture similar to the Kazakhs and Mongols.

TsaristRussia expanded to Kyrgyzstan during the 19th century. Revolts during the Russian Revolution by the native Kyrgyz only ended in failure, and they were incorporated to the USSR, getting SSR status in 1936. The Kyrgyz were often lumped together with the Kazakhs, the word Kara-Kyrgyz was used to the actual Kyrgyz.

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<<|UsefulNotes/{{Asia}}|>>

[[AC:The Kyrgyzstani flag]]

The Kyrgyz originally lived in Mongolia and Siberia. Expansion in the 12th and 13th centuries, not helped at all by UsefulNotes/GenghisKhan's conquests, had forced the Kyrgyz to settle in its present-day territory. They were hemmed down by the Kokand khanate in Uzbekistan and the Manchurians in the East during the Qing Dynasty. While early Chinese and Muslim sources state that the early Kyrgyz people were red-haired and blond, today, they are not that different looking from other East Asian people. Islamic and Turkic culture apart, the Kyrgyz also had a nomadic culture similar to the Kazakhs and Mongols.

The Kyrgyz originally lived in Mongolia and Siberia. Expansion in the 12th and 13th centuries, not helped at all by GenghisKhan's conquests, had forced the Kyrgyz to settle in its present-day territory. They were hemmed down by the Kokand khanate in Uzbekistan and the Manchurians in the East during the Qing Dynasty. While early Chinese and Muslim sources state that the early Kyrgyz people were red-haired and blond, today, they are not that different looking from other East Asian people. Islamic and Turkic culture apart, the Kyrgyz also had a nomadic culture similar to the Kazakhs and Mongols.

->The red field symbolizes valor. At the center is a golden sun, representing bounty; at its center is the ''tündük'' (stylized as a red ring and two sets of three lines), symbolizing the family; and its 40 rays recall the ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Manas Epic of Manas]]'', in which the titular hero consolidates 40 Kyrgyz tribes against the Mongols.

http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/flag_of_kyrgyzstan_svg_8051.png
-> The red background of the flag symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun represents peace and wealth, and the ''tündük'' (stylized as a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines) signifies the family home or, by extension, the universe. According to popular interpretations, the sun's 40 rays represent the 40 Kyrgyz tribes unified against the Mongols by the epic hero Manas.

Kyrgyzstan is a Central Asian country bordered by Kazakhstan from the North, China in the east, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the west and south. It is a former Soviet republic, and is known as a mountainous country.

[[AC:The Kyrgyzstani flag]]\\
http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/flag_of_kyrgyzstan_svg_8051.png
->The red background of the flag symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun represents peace and wealth, and the ''tündük'' (stylized as a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines) signifies the family home or, by extension, the universe. According to popular interpretations, the sun's 40 rays represent the 40 Kyrgyz tribes unified against the Mongols by the epic hero Manas.

TsaristRussia expanded to Kyrgyzstan during the 19th century. Revolts during the RussianRevolution by the native Kyrgyz only ended in failure, and they were incorporated to the USSR, getting SSR status in 1936. The Kyrgyz were often lumped together with the Kazakhs, the word Kara-Kyrgyz was used to the actual Kyrgyz.