Line #4 UsefulNotes/Kyrgyzstan


1	[[quoteright:348:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/kyrgyzstan-cia_wfb_map_7002.png]]
2	Kyrgyzstan ('''Kyrgyz:''' ''Кыргызстан, Qırğızstan''), officially known as '''Kyrgyz Republic''' ('''Kyrgyz:''' ''Кыргыз Республикасы, Qırğız Respublikasy''; '''Russian:''' ''Кыргызская Республика, Kirgizskaya Respublika'') and also called Kirghizia, is a Central Asian country bordered by UsefulNotes/{{Kazakhstan}} in the North, UsefulNotes/{{China}} in the east, UsefulNotes/{{Uzbekistan}} and UsefulNotes/{{Tajikistan}} in the west and south. It was formerly a part of the [[UsefulNotes/SovietRussiaUkraineAndSoOn Soviet Union]].
3
4	Early Chinese and Muslim sources state that the early Kyrgyz were red-haired and blond. Today, most Kyrgyz are of mixed Eurasian descent, although East Asian features seem to dominate.
5
6	Due to its location along the backbones of the high Pamir and Tian Shan mountain ranges, ancient empires who conquered the region were mainly nomadic in nature; the Xiongnu, the Scythians, the Xianbei, the Hephthalites, and the Rourans were among the famous examples. The Turkic imprint of the land was marked in the 6th century, when the Rourans were toppled by the Turkic Khaganate, who ruled most of Central Asia. However, the ancestors of the Kyrgyz, known as the Yenisei Kyrgyz, were still living in Mongolia and Siberia by this time.
7
8	When the Uyghurs took control of the Khaganate in the 8th century, the Kyrgyz began to emigrate to the conquered areas, partly due to the increasing pressure from the Mongols. From this time, two lines of the Kyrgyz branched off. Those who remained behind inherited the language and faith of their Yenisei forefathers. A small community of them still exists in China's Xinjiang and Manchuria. Meanwhile, the numerically larger emigrants crossed paths with two unrelated Turkic confederations: the Cuman-Kipchaks in the northwest and the Karluk Kara-Khanids in the southwest. From the former, they adopted their language, while from the latter, they adopted UsefulNotes/{{Islam}}.
9
10	In their new land, the Kyrgyz were mostly subservient to peoples who claimed the area. They were under control of the Qara Khitai in the 12th century, then the Mongols in the 13th century, the Chagatai from the 13th to the 17th century, and the Oirats until the 18th century. TheBlackDeath, which devastated Europe in the 14th century, is believed to have originated from Lake Issy-Kul in the northeast of the country, with the lake being a stopover on UsefulNotes/TheSilkRoad and medieval merchants unknowingly carrying infested vermin from the region along with them.
11
12	UsefulNotes/TsaristRussia expanded to Kyrgyzstan during the 19th century, taking the land from [[UsefulNotes/DynastiesFromShangToQing Qing China]]. Revolts during the [[UsefulNotes/RedOctober Russian Revolution]] by the native Kyrgyz only ended in failure, and they were incorporated to the USSR, getting SSR status in 1936. The Kyrgyz were often lumped together with the Kazakhs, the word Kara-Kyrgyz was used to the actual Kyrgyz.
13
14	While industrialization in the country merited some successes, the country was swept away by the events of the fall of the Soviet Union. Kyrgyzstan later declared independence in 1991.
15
16	Kyrgyzstan's politics since then have been pretty tumultuous. Since independence, the country has experienced no less than ''three'' revolutions. The first occurred in 2005, deposing the country's first president, Askar Akayev. He had won some praise for reforming parts of the economy through his technocratic credentials, but he increasingly became autocratic. Not to mention the claims that he is a descendant of a medieval Kyrgyz hero and the rumors that Boris Yeltsin of Russia had played drums on his balding head while drunk. The second revolution flared up in 2010, when protesters accused then-President Kurmanbek Bakiyev of ending up like Akayev. He was sacked from his post, and a woman named Roza Otunbayeva, a former foreign minister, led a transitional government, before Almazbek Atambayev, who served as prime minister during her presidency, took over.
17
18	The latest revolution happened in 2020, following a contested election in which allies of the incumbent President Sooronbay Jeenbekov claimed the majority vote. Opposition supporters subsequently led a massive rally, occupying government buildings and forcing the election commission to annul the election results. Jeenbekov stepped down and the newly-elected prime minister, Sadyr Japarov (whom Jeenbekov had imprisoned in 2017 for advocating nationalization of a gold mine operated by a Canadian company), assumed presidency until a repeat election was held in January 2021. Japarov won the election in a landslide.
19
20	Though the transition was chaotic, three revolutions had nevertheless managed to bring the country from the post-communist authoritarian mentality that plagues most of the former Eastern Bloc. According to analysts, it is the only Central Asian country that can genuinely be called a democracy (albeit a seriously flawed one).
21
22	Other than political issues, Kyrgyzstan also deals with a poor economic record, as the fall of communism dealt a huge blow to its industrial sector, while agriculture remains the major occupation of the population. It just barely qualifies as a lower-middle income country according to the World Bank and ranks among the poorest ex-Soviet states, right above Tajikistan. In addition, it has a history of ugly race riots, particularly between its Kyrgyz majority and Uzbek minority.
23	----
24	[[AC:The Kyrgyz flag]]
25	[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/flag_of_kyrgyzstan.png]]
26	->The red field symbolizes valor. At the center is a golden sun, representing bounty; at its center is the ''tündük'' (stylized as a red ring and two sets of three lines), the crown of a ''yurt'', symbolizing the family; and its 40 rays recall the ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Manas Epic of Manas]]'', in which the titular hero consolidates 40 Kyrgyz tribes against the Mongols.
27	----
28	[[AC:Emblem of Kyrgyzstan]]
29	[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/emblem_of_kyrgyzstan.png]]
30	->The emblem was adopted on January 14, 1994 and modified in 2016. It depicted an legendary hawk known as the "Ak Shumkar" carrying the Issyk-Kul lake and the Ala-Too mountains to symbolize the protection of Kyrgyzstan. The 40 rays of the rising sun represents the 40 Kyrgyz tribes against the Mongols. It has the words of the country's full Kyrgyz name on the top and bottom. On the sides are the main exports of the country, cotton and wheat.
31	----
32	[[AC:The Kyrgyz national anthem]]
33
34	->Ак мөңгүлүү аска зоолор, талаалар,
35	->Элибиздин жаны менен барабар.
36	->Сансыз кылым Ала-Тоосун мекендеп,
37	->Сактап келди биздин ата-бабалар.
38
39	->Алгалай бер, кыргыз эл,
40	->Азаттыктын жолунда.
41	->Өркүндөй бер, өсө бер,
42	->Өз тагдырың колуңда.
43
44	->Байыртадан бүткөн мүнөз элиме,
45	->Досторуна даяр дилин берүүгө.
46	->Бул ынтымак эл бирдигин ширетип,
47	->Бейкуттукту берет кыргыз жерине.
48
49	->Алгалай бер, кыргыз эл,
50	->Азаттыктын жолунда.
51	->Өркүндөй бер, өсө бер,
52	->Өз тагдырың колуңда.
53
54	->Аткарылып элдин үмүт, тилеги,
55	->Желбиреди эркиндиктин желеги.
56	->Бизге жеткен ата салтын, мурасын,
57	->Ыйык сактап урпактарга берели.
58
59	->Алгалай бер, кыргыз эл,
60	->Азаттыктын жолунда.
61	->Өркүндөй бер, өсө бер,
62	->Өз тагдырың колуңда.
63	[[note]]
64	->Aq möŋgülüü asqa zoolor, talaalar,
65	->Elibizdin canı menen barabar.
66	->Sansız qılım Ala-Toosun mekendep,
67	->Saqtap keldi bizdin atababalar.
68
69	->Alğalay ber, qırğız el,
70	->Azattıqtın colunda.
71	->Örkündöy ber, ösö ber,
72	->Öz tağdırıŋ qoluꞑda
73
74	->Bayırtadan bütkön münöz elime,
75	->Dostoruna dayar dilin berüügö.
76	->Bul ıntımaq el birdigin şiretip,
77	->Beyquttuqtu beret qırğız cerine.
78
79	->Alğalay ber, qırğız el,
80	->Azattıqtın colunda.
81	->Örkündöy ber, ösö ber,
82	->Öz tağdırıŋ qoluꞑda
83
84	->Atqarılıp eldin ümüt, tilegi,
85	->Celbiredi erkindiktin celegi
86	->Bizge cetken ata saltın, murasın,
87	->Iyıq saqtap urpaqtarğa bereli.
88
89	->Alğalay ber, qırğız el,
90	->Azattıqtın colunda.
91	->Örkündöy ber, ösö ber,
92	->Öz tağdırıŋ qoluꞑda
93	[[/note]]
94
95	--
96
97	->Белые скалистые обрывы и степи
98	->Равны душе нашего народа.
99	->На протяжении бесчисленных веков наши отцы
100	->Жили и держали в Ала-Тоо.
101
102	->Марш вперëд, киргизы,
103	->На пути к свободе!
104	->Процветания и прогресса,
105	->Ваша судьба в ваших руках!
106
107	->Извечно народ наш для дружбы открыт,
108	->Единство и дружбу он в сердце хранит.
109	->Земля Киргизстана, родная страна
110	->Лучами согласия озарена.
111
112	->Марш вперëд, киргизы,
113	->На пути к свободе!
114	->Процветания и прогресса,
115	->Ваша судьба в ваших руках!
116
117	->Наши надежды и чаяния сбылись,
118	->Наши люди машут флагом свободы.
119	->К нам дошли предания наших отцов,
120	->Пусть поколения сохранят наше святое наследие.
121
122	->Марш вперëд, киргизы,
123	->На пути к свободе!
124	->Процветания и прогресса,
125	->Ваша судьба в ваших руках!
126	[[note]]
127	->Belyye skalistyye obryvy i stepi
128	->Ravny dushe nashego naroda.
129	->Na protyazhenii beschislennykh vekov nashi ottsy
130	->Zhili i derzhali v Ala-Too.
131
132	->Marsh vperëd, kirgizy,
133	->Na puti k svobode!
134	->Protsvetaniya i progressa,
135	->Vasha sud'ba v vashikh rukakh!
136
137	->Izvechno narod nash dlya druzhby otkryt,
138	->Yedinstvo i druzhbu on v serdtse khranit.
139	->Zemlya Kirgizstana, rodnaya strana
140	->Luchami soglasiya ozarena.
141
142	->Marsh vperëd, kirgizy,
143	->Na puti k svobode!
144	->Protsvetaniya i progressa,
145	->Vasha sud'ba v vashikh rukakh!
146
147	->Nashi nadezhdy i chayaniya sbylis',
148	->Nashi lyudi mashut flagom svobody.
149	->K nam doshli predaniya nashikh ottsov,
150	->Pust' pokoleniya sokhranyat nashe svyatoye naslediye.
151
152	->Marsh vperëd, kirgizy,
153	->Na puti k svobode!
154	->Protsvetaniya i progressa,
155	->Vasha sud'ba v vashikh rukakh!
156	[[/note]]
157
158	--
159
160	->White-capped rocky cliffs and steppes
161	->Are equal to the soul of our people.
162	->For countless centuries, our fathers
163	->Have lived in and kept the Ala-Too.
164
165	->March forward, Kyrgyz people,
166	->On the way to freedom!
167	->Prosperity and progress,
168	->Your own fate is in your hands!
169
170	->Long ago, our friendly people
171	->Completed and gave us the clasp to nature.
172	->We acquired an accord of harmony
173	->And peace over the Kyrgyz land.
174
175	->March forward, Kyrgyz people,
176	->On the way to freedom!
177	->Prosperity and progress,
178	->Your own fate is in your hands!
179
180	->Our hopes and aspirations have been fulfilled,
181	->Our people wave the flag of freedom.
182	->The tradition of our fathers came to us,
183	->Let generations keep our holy heritage.
184
185	->March forward, Kyrgyz people,
186	->On the way to freedom!
187	->Prosperity and progress,
188	->Your own fate is in your hands!
189
190	----
191	[[AC:Government]]
192	* Unitary parliamentary secular constitutional republic
193	** President: Sadyr Japarov
194	** Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers: Akylbek Japarov
195	** Chairman of the Supreme Council: Nurlanbek Shakiev
196
197	----
198	[[AC:Miscellaneous]]
199	* '''Capital and largest city:''' Bishkek (Бишкек)
200	* '''Population:''' 6,586,600
201	* '''Area:''' 199,951 km
202	(77,202 sq mi) (85th)
203	* '''Currency''': Kyrgyzstani som (С̲) (KGS)
204	* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' KG
205	* '''Country calling code:''' 996
206	* '''Highest point:''' Jengish Chokusu (7439 m/24,406 ft) (7th)

Context UsefulNotes / Kyrgyzstan