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and -> an
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* UngratefulBastard: As he got older, more paranoid, more alcoholic, and more and more convinced that he was a demigod with an ego to match, he killed off many of the figures responsible for some of his successes, like Parmenio, his former literal-left-hand-man, whose [[YouShallNotPass holding of the line at Gaugamela]] was one of the key factors in his victory, or Cleitus the Black, and old soldier to whom Alexander owed his life.
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* UngratefulBastard: As he got older, more paranoid, more alcoholic, and more and more convinced that he was a demigod with an ego to match, he killed off many of the figures responsible for some of his successes, like Parmenio, his former literal-left-hand-man, whose [[YouShallNotPass holding of the line at Gaugamela]] was one of the key factors in his victory, or Cleitus the Black, and an old soldier to whom Alexander owed his life.
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resumed -> summarized
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* MemeticBadass: In the ancient world he was considered so badass that when the Greeks declared he could have defeated Rome easily the Roman reply could be resumed as "not that easily, and we would need to get lucky once and kill him while he would have to win all the times". Yes, the [[TheGloryThatWasRome Ancient Romans]], [[TropeCodifier Trope Codifiers]] of BadassArmy and conqueror of ''all'' the separate empires of his successors, plainly admitted they could only make him pay for his victories, and that they would have won the war only by getting lucky and killing him while he defeated them again.
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* MemeticBadass: In the ancient world he was considered so badass that when the Greeks declared he could have defeated Rome easily the Roman reply could be resumed summarized as "not that easily, and we would need to get lucky once and kill him while he would have to win all the times". Yes, the [[TheGloryThatWasRome Ancient Romans]], [[TropeCodifier Trope Codifiers]] of BadassArmy and conqueror of ''all'' the separate empires of his successors, plainly admitted they could only make him pay for his victories, and that they would have won the war only by getting lucky and killing him while he defeated them again.
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**His mother, Olympias, was no slouch in her own right, having significant influence in the royal Macedonian court, and even cutting down a Greek rebellion after Alexander's death. She was ambitious enough that some ancient historians claimed she said she was impregnated by Zeus, and that he was the true father of Alexander.
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** This is actually an Averted trope, as Alexander was reputedly, more often than not, self-disciplined enough to abstain from sex, except for his marriages. He fits more into the CelibateHero archetype, with few exceptions.
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Added a couple of factoids about Alexander the Great
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Alexander married a Bactrian woman named Roxana, who later bore him a son after his death. Alexander died on 323 BC after a period of sickness in Babylon. It's unclear exactly what killed him. Some historians have suggested that he died of alcohol poisoning after a drinking contest with some of his soldiers, others suggest that he was poisoned, and still others believe that he may have caught some form of disease.
[[InvincibleHero Alexander never lost a battle, one of the few military leaders of whom this can be said.]] He was also very interested in culture and the arts, and his conquests led to Greek culture getting spread to the east. In a 2009 poll conducted on Greek television, Alexander the Great was voted the greatest Greek of all time.
[[InvincibleHero Alexander never lost a battle, one of the few military leaders of whom this can be said.]] He was also very interested in culture and the arts, and his conquests led to Greek culture getting spread to the east. In a 2009 poll conducted on Greek television, Alexander the Great was voted the greatest Greek of all time.
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Alexander married a Bactrian woman named Roxana, who later bore him a son after his death. Alexander died on 323 BC after a period of sickness in Babylon. It's unclear exactly what killed him. Some historians have suggested that he died of alcohol poisoning after a drinking contest with some of his soldiers, others suggest that he was poisoned, and still others believe that he may have caught some form of disease.
disease, specifically untreated typhoid fever.
[[InvincibleHero Alexander never lost a battle, one of the few military leaders of whom this can be said.]] He was also very interestedin culture in, philosophy, culture, and the arts, and his conquests led to Greek culture getting spread to the east. In a 2009 poll conducted on Greek television, Alexander the Great was voted the greatest Greek of all time.
[[InvincibleHero Alexander never lost a battle, one of the few military leaders of whom this can be said.]] He was also very interested
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* Alexander's life is retold in''Alexandros'' by Yasuhiko Yoshikazu, better known as the original character designer for the {{Gundam}} franchise. (Thus, Alexander looks rather like [[Anime/MobileSuitGundam Amuro Ray]].)
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* Alexander's life is retold in''Alexandros'' in ''Alexandros'' by Yasuhiko Yoshikazu, better known as the original character designer for the {{Gundam}} franchise. (Thus, Alexander looks rather like [[Anime/MobileSuitGundam Amuro Ray]].)
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* Alexander's life is retold in''Alexandros'' by Yasuhiko Yoshikazu, better known as the original character designer for the {{Gundam}} franchise. (Thus, Alexander looks rather like [[Anime/MobileSuitGundam Amuro Ray]].)
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** That would be a BeamMeUpScotty moment on the part of John Milton (and [[Film/DieHard Hans Gruber]]) right there. The actual quote, from Plutarch, has Alexander weeping because "There are so many worlds and I have not yet conquered even one." Which is kinda the exact opposite. And makes more sense, as Alexander was well aware that he had not conquered the whole world.
*** That he openly admitted intending to conquer the ''whole'' world, and likewise got as far as he did (effectively ''on foot''), really only adds to the whole body of his work.
*** That he openly admitted intending to conquer the ''whole'' world, and likewise got as far as he did (effectively ''on foot''), really only adds to the whole body of his work.
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** That would be a BeamMeUpScotty moment on the part of John Milton (and [[Film/DieHard Hans Gruber]]) right there. The actual quote, from Plutarch, has Alexander weeping because "There are so many worlds and I have not yet conquered even one." Which is kinda the exact opposite. And makes more sense, as Alexander was well aware that he had not conquered the whole world.
*** That he openly admitted intendingworld (he had to conquer the ''whole'' world, and likewise got as far as he did (effectively ''on foot''), really only adds to the whole body of end his work.Indian campaign because his men refused to go further).
*** That he openly admitted intending
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* ''ReignTheConqueror'' (a.k.a. ''Alexander Senki'') was a very... loose... retelling of the story of Alexander's conquests, with character designs by Peter Chung of ''WesternAnimation/AeonFlux'' fame.
* Alexander is an important character in ''{{Historie}}'' (the protagonist is Eumenes who worked as his secretary at a young age).
* Alexander is an important character in ''{{Historie}}'' (the protagonist is Eumenes who worked as his secretary at a young age).
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* ''ReignTheConqueror'' ''Anime/ReignTheConqueror'' (a.k.a. ''Alexander Senki'') was a very... loose... retelling of the story of Alexander's conquests, with character designs by Peter Chung of ''WesternAnimation/AeonFlux'' fame.
* Alexander is an important character in''{{Historie}}'' ''Manga/{{Historie}}'' (the protagonist is Eumenes who worked as his secretary at a young age).
* Alexander is an important character in
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* The idol of Ozymandias from ''Comicbook/{{Watchmen}}''. He named himself after Ramses II ''because'' of Alexander (Alexander admired the pharaohs too, so taking on a pharaoh's name would by extension make him more like Alexander).
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* The idol of Ozymandias from ''Comicbook/{{Watchmen}}''.''ComicBook/{{Watchmen}}''. He named himself after Ramses II ''because'' of Alexander (Alexander admired the pharaohs too, so taking on a pharaoh's name would by extension make him more like Alexander).
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* Oliver Stone's ''Alexander''.
* The 1956 epic film ''Alexander the Great'' starring Richard Burton as Alex and Fredric March as Philip.
* The 1956 epic film ''Alexander the Great'' starring Richard Burton as Alex and Fredric March as Philip.
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* Oliver Stone's ''Alexander''.
Creator/OliverStone's ''Film/{{Alexander}}''.
* The 1956 epic film ''Alexander the Great'' starring Richard Burton as Alex and Fredric March asPhilip.
Philip.
* The 1956 epic film ''Alexander the Great'' starring Richard Burton as Alex and Fredric March as
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* In ''Eternity'', the second book of TheWaySeries, Patricia ended up on parallel world where the one major difference was that Alexander survived his illness and lived to an old age.
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* In ''Eternity'', the second book of TheWaySeries, Literature/TheWaySeries, Patricia ended up on parallel world where the one major difference was that Alexander survived his illness and lived to an old age.
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* Pre-''Series/{{Star Trek|The Original Series}}'', William Shatner starred in an Alexander the Great TV pilot.
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* Pre-''Series/{{Star Trek|The Original Series}}'', William Shatner Creator/WilliamShatner starred in an Alexander the Great TV pilot.
* In ''VideoGame/TheAncientArtOfWar'', Alexander "keeps good food lines but is weak when not on the plains."
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* The expansions of ''Videogame/{{Pharaoh}}'' and of its successor ''Videogame/ImmortalCitiesChildrenOfTheNile'' have the player character founding Alexandria on his behalf and aiding him in his Eastern conquests.
* In ''VideoGame/AgeOfEmpiresI'', there is an Alexander hero unit, and the later missions for the Greek campaign involve playing as him.
* In ''VideoGame/AgeOfEmpiresI'', there is an Alexander hero unit, and the later missions for the Greek campaign involve playing as him.
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* The expansions of ''Videogame/{{Pharaoh}}'' ''VideoGame/{{Pharaoh}}'' and of its successor ''Videogame/ImmortalCitiesChildrenOfTheNile'' have the player character founding Alexandria on his behalf and aiding him in his Eastern conquests.
* In ''VideoGame/AgeOfEmpiresI'', there is an Alexanderhero unit, HeroUnit, and the later missions for the Greek campaign involve playing as him.
* In ''VideoGame/AgeOfEmpiresI'', there is an Alexander
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** Although he may have actually said "To Craterus," one of his top generals. The ancient Greek word meaning "strongest" was "kratistôi," which sounds rather similar. There's evidence to suggest that some of his more power-hungry generals may have intentionally "misheard" Alexander, allowing the empire to be split into four parts and ruled by said generals.
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** Although he may have actually said "To Craterus," one of his top generals. The ancient Greek word meaning "strongest" was "kratistôi," "kraterôi," which sounds rather similar. There's evidence to suggest that some of his more power-hungry generals may have intentionally "misheard" Alexander, allowing the empire to be split into four parts and ruled by said generals.
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* BloodKnight
* ByronicHero
* ByronicHero
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** BarbarianLonghair: His shoulder-length mane is compared to a lion's by most modern scholars.
*BloodKnight
BloodKnight: He never showed any signs of wanting to stop adding more and more territories to his massive kingdom - his disgruntled soldiers did that for him!
*ByronicHeroByronicHero: A great conqueror, strategist, and king... with a (possibly fatal) drinking problem, violent streak, and [[AGodAmI God complex]].
*
*
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* ProudWarriorRaceGuy: Macedonians
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* ProudWarriorRaceGuy: MacedoniansHe came from Macedonia, a part of Greece that was considered wild and uncivilised and filled with boorish barely-Greeks by the city-slickers in the south. The Macedonians prized feasting, hunting, and fighting, to the extent that the greatest honour for a Macedonian was to hunt lions alongside the king, and considered it a necessary rite of passage for a man to kill a boar with only a spear. And Alexander was their ''king''.
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* ShortLivedBigImpact: The man died at just 32, having spent almost half his life conquering everything in sight.
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* ShortLivedBigImpact: The man died at just 32, having spent almost half his life conquering everything in sight. His fragmented Empire existed for a further 300 years, and the Roman Empire would draw heavily from his example in art and in the Imperial cult. To say nothing of the impact he's had on the modern era.
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* TragicBromance: Alexander and Hephaestion
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* TragicBromance: Alexander and HephaestionHephaestion: see HeroicBSOD for context.
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* WarriorPrince
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* WarriorPrinceWarriorPrince: Got a headstart in conquering at the Battle of Chaeronea, defeating the Thebans alongside his father at the age of eighteen.
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** On a more down-to-earth level, he also co-opted a great deal of divine imagery from Greece and many of the other nations he conquered. He issued coins with his face on them - before him, what we now know as the "heads" of a coin used to feature the patron deity of the city they came from - depicted himself with a divine appearance (from the eternally young appearance of Greek gods, to the horns sported by Egyptian and Persian deities), and insisted that all greet him with proskynesis (only done towards gods in Greece, but a typical royal custom in Persia).
*IdiotHair: Unlike any previous statues from Ancient Greece, Alexander's royal portraits depicted him with long, messy locks and a quiff. This quiff would go on to be replicated in Greek and Roman statuary for several centuries.
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* KillItWithFire
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* KillItWithFireKillItWithFire: Did this to Persepolis.
*LanternJawOfJustice: Alexander had a very notably strong, square jaw.
*LanternJawOfJustice: Alexander had a very notably strong, square jaw.
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*** Also noteworthy that the only other possible contenders for the title? TheBritishEmpire at the peak of its' power and NATO. The fact that he probably built a more lasting settlement than either of them ultimately achieved should tell you something.
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*** Also noteworthy that the only other possible contenders for the title? Genghis Khan, TheBritishEmpire at the peak of its' power and NATO. The fact that he probably built a more lasting settlement than either any of them ultimately achieved should tell you something.something, though to be fair Genghis wasn't particularly interested in "settling" it.
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* YoungConqueror
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* YoungConqueror
YoungConqueror: The possible TropeMaker, at least in the Western world.
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** That would be a BeamMeUpScotty moment on the part of John Milton right there. The actual quote, from Plutarch, has Alexander weeping because "There are so many worlds and I have not yet conquered even one." Which is kinda the exact opposite. And makes more sense, as Alexander was well aware that he had not conquered the whole world.
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** That would be a BeamMeUpScotty moment on the part of John Milton (and [[Film/DieHard Hans Gruber]]) right there. The actual quote, from Plutarch, has Alexander weeping because "There are so many worlds and I have not yet conquered even one." Which is kinda the exact opposite. And makes more sense, as Alexander was well aware that he had not conquered the whole world.
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* AGodAmI: Believed he was a descendant of Zeus and acted as such. More precisely, he thought to have descended from both Herakles (a son of Zeus and himself a minor deity) through his father (as was the traditional belief of the Argead dynasty) and Achilles through his mother. If it's true, he certainly made his heroic ancestors proud.
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* AGodAmI: Believed he was a descendant of Zeus and acted as such. More precisely, he thought to have descended from both Herakles (a son of Zeus and himself a minor deity) (another God) through his father (as was the traditional belief of the Argead dynasty) and Achilles through his mother. If it's true, he certainly made his heroic ancestors proud.
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* In ''AgeOfEmpires'', there is an Alexander hero unit, and the later missions for the Greek campaign involve playing as him.
[[AC: Other]]
[[AC: Other]]
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* In ''AgeOfEmpires'', ''VideoGame/AgeOfEmpiresI'', there is an Alexander hero unit, and the later missions for the Greek campaign involve playing as him.
[[AC: Other]]
[[AC:Other]]
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* In ''AgeOfEmpires'', there is an Alexander hero unit, and the later missions for the Greek campaign involve playing as him.
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** And many other cities were named after things that were either beloved by Alexander or associated with the king himself. For instance, the Greek-city of Thessaloniki was named after Alexander's younger sister, Thessalonike. And as mentioned above, the town of Bucephala was founded and named after his beloved horse Bucephalus.
* FolkHero: He became this for centuries. The more cynical would argue that this just proves HumansAreBastards. A more charitable view is that HumansAreWarriors who admire a {{Badass}} and Alexander was at least that.
* FolkHero: He became this for centuries. The more cynical would argue that this just proves HumansAreBastards. A more charitable view is that HumansAreWarriors who admire a {{Badass}} and Alexander was at least that.
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** And many other cities were named after things that were either beloved by Alexander or associated with the king himself. For instance, the Greek-city of Thessaloniki was named after Alexander's younger sister, Thessalonike. And as mentioned above, the town of Bucephala was founded and named after his beloved horse Bucephalus.
Bucephalus. And he also founded one named after his dog, Peritas.
* FolkHero: He became this for centuries. The more cynical would argue that this just proves HumansAreBastards. A more charitable view is that HumansAreWarriors who admire a {{Badass}} and Alexander was at least that. He's also a Bogeyman for parts of the Middle East.
* FolkHero: He became this for centuries. The more cynical would argue that this just proves HumansAreBastards. A more charitable view is that HumansAreWarriors who admire a {{Badass}} and Alexander was at least that. He's also a Bogeyman for parts of the Middle East.
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*** And yet, averted. Despite anything that moved being up for grabs, most sources say he was very 'moderate' in his sex life, and rarely indulged his desires.
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*** And yet, averted. Despite anything that moved being up for grabs, most sources say he was very 'moderate' in his sex life, and rarely indulged his desires. Famously he refused to have sex with slaves and captives. Possibly averted with Bagoas, who had previously been the slave and (male) concubine of the conquered Darius.
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** Mary Renault explains (citing her sources, as always) that Alex had discovered a plot against his life. Parmenion's son Philotas, a trusted general, was warned about the plot several times and didn't report it, as he didn't take it seriously. Philotas was executed for treason, and the killing of Parmenion was more than likely to avoid a blood feud.
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modern-day label
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* CureYourGays: Phillip II worried that his teenaged son was too effeminate, and would not be able to produce an heir, so he dealt with it in a refreshingly straight-forward manner: by sending a string of high class courtesans to his bed chamber. Turns out he needn't have worried, as Alexander was, if anything, [[AnythingThatMoves pansexual]]. He would sleep with women, men, eunuchs, and boys ([[ValuesDissonance although that was considered okay back then]]).
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* CureYourGays: Phillip II worried that his teenaged son was too effeminate, and would not be able to produce an heir, so he dealt with it in a refreshingly straight-forward manner: by sending a string of high class courtesans to his bed chamber. Turns out he needn't have worried, as Alexander was, if anything, [[AnythingThatMoves pansexual]]. He would sleep with women, men, eunuchs, and boys ([[ValuesDissonance although that was considered okay back then]]).
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No it absolutely isn\'t
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** It was frowned upon back in ancient times as well, so it's fortunate for Alexander that he was not, in fact, fighting to prove his badassitude. The stated purpose of the invasion of Persia was to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece - the destruction of Greek temples in particular - over a hundred years earlier.
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** It was frowned upon back in ancient times as well, so it's fortunate for Alexander that he was not, in fact, fighting to prove his badassitude. The stated purpose of the invasion of Persia was to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece - the destruction of Greek temples in particular - over a hundred years earlier. Not that this is any better to a modern audience.
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** Also, everything else aside; the Persian and Greco-Macedonian Empires were already at war as the result of his father Philip's initial operations in Asia Minor. Badass or not, empty treasury or not he effectively inherited the major war of his life and would've had to fight just to make peace, which makes this a case of MisBlamed.
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** Also, everything else aside; the Persian and Greco-Macedonian Empires were already at war as the result of his father Philip's initial operations in Asia Minor. Badass or not, empty treasury or not he effectively inherited the major war of his life and would've had to fight just to make peace, which makes this a case of MisBlamed.peace.
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* StraightForTheCommander: This was a frequent strategy. He would hold his personal forces and bodyguards in reserve until an opening appeared wherein he could go straight in and kill the enemy general. He used this quite effectively against the Persians, scaring Emperor Darius III into fleeing the field.
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* DareToBeBadass: According to {{Plutarch}}, after Alexander had tamed Bucephalus, Philip supposedly told him: [[Music/IronMaiden "My son, ask for thyself another kingdom, for that which I leave is too small for thee."]]
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* DareToBeBadass: According to {{Plutarch}}, Plutarch, after Alexander had tamed Bucephalus, the impressed Philip supposedly told him: [[Music/IronMaiden "My son, ask for thyself another kingdom, for that which I leave is too small for thee."]]"]]
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* DareToBeBadass: Philip supposedly told Alexander, [[Music/IronMaiden "My son, ask for thyself another kingdom, for that which I leave is too small for thee."]]
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* DareToBeBadass: According to {{Plutarch}}, after Alexander had tamed Bucephalus, Philip supposedly told Alexander, him: [[Music/IronMaiden "My son, ask for thyself another kingdom, for that which I leave is too small for thee."]]
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* Alexander lost to AttilaTheHun in ''DeadliestWarrior''.
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* Alexander lost to AttilaTheHun in ''DeadliestWarrior''.
''Series/DeadliestWarrior''.
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** The fact that the book managed to make a self-proclaimed tyrant, who believes that it's not worth ruling unless you do whatever you want, sympathetic in his dreams and actions means yes, [[[=Tearjerker=] yes]] [[SugarWiki/HeartwarmingMoments you]] [[SugarWiki/MomentOfAwesome can]]...
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** The fact that the book managed to make a self-proclaimed tyrant, who believes that it's not worth ruling unless you do whatever you want, sympathetic in his dreams and actions means yes, [[[=Tearjerker=] [[{{Tearjerker}} yes]] [[SugarWiki/HeartwarmingMoments you]] [[SugarWiki/MomentOfAwesome can]]...
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Alexander was taught by {{Aristotle}} until he was about 16. He came to power after the assassination of his father by the captain of his bodyguard. He promptly put down a series of rebellions around the Balkans and marched his army into Persia.
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Alexander was taught by {{Aristotle}} Creator/{{Aristotle}} until he was about 16. He came to power after the assassination of his father by the captain of his bodyguard. He promptly put down a series of rebellions around the Balkans and marched his army into Persia.
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** The fact that the book managed to make a self-proclaimed tyrant, who believes that it's not worth ruling unless you do whatever you want, sympathetic in his dreams and actions means yes, [[TearJerker yes]] [[CrowningMomentOfHeartwarming you]] [[CrowningMomentOfAwesome can]]...
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** The fact that the book managed to make a self-proclaimed tyrant, who believes that it's not worth ruling unless you do whatever you want, sympathetic in his dreams and actions means yes, [[TearJerker [[[=Tearjerker=] yes]] [[CrowningMomentOfHeartwarming [[SugarWiki/HeartwarmingMoments you]] [[CrowningMomentOfAwesome [[SugarWiki/MomentOfAwesome can]]...
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* ''ReignTheConqueror'' (a.k.a. ''Alexander Senki'') was a very... loose... retelling of the story of Alexander's conquests, with character designs by Peter Chung of ''AeonFlux'' fame.
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* ''ReignTheConqueror'' (a.k.a. ''Alexander Senki'') was a very... loose... retelling of the story of Alexander's conquests, with character designs by Peter Chung of ''AeonFlux'' ''WesternAnimation/AeonFlux'' fame.
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* In ''TheManWhoWouldBeKing'', the nation they are conquering has a treasure that belonged to Alexander.
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* In ''TheManWhoWouldBeKing'', ''Film/TheManWhoWouldBeKing'', the nation they are conquering has a treasure that belonged to Alexander.
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[[AC:ProfessionalWrestling]]
* Born James Wehba, Wrestling/GeneralSkandorAkbar took his name from the Arabic for "Alexander The Great."
* Better known as [[Wrestling/TheDudleyBoys Big Dick Dudley]], the late Alex Rizzo originally called himself "Alexander The Great."
* Born James Wehba, Wrestling/GeneralSkandorAkbar took his name from the Arabic for "Alexander The Great."
* Better known as [[Wrestling/TheDudleyBoys Big Dick Dudley]], the late Alex Rizzo originally called himself "Alexander The Great."
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[[quoteright:350:http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/alexander-the-great_114.jpg]]
[[caption-width-right:350:[-"There is nothing impossible to him who will try." - Alexander the Great-] ]]
->''"Alexander the Great was the king of Macedon during the 4th century B.C. who saw the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and Asia and decided they would make a really bitchin' backyard.''"
-->-- '''Cracked [[http://www.cracked.com/funny-3139-alexander-great/ on Alexander]]'''.
Born in 356 B.C., Full name Alexander III of Macedon, he was the son of Philip II of Macedon and Olympias of Epirus. One of those extremely rare historical figures whose actual achievements have regularly outshined numerous fictional portrayals.
Alexander was taught by {{Aristotle}} until he was about 16. He came to power after the assassination of his father by the captain of his bodyguard. He promptly put down a series of rebellions around the Balkans and marched his army into Persia.
Alexander made his way through the Persian Empire, clashing with Persia's forces and mercenaries. Along the way, he seized Egypt away from Persia and was declared pharaoh. After Alexander's forces defeated the enormously numerically superior Persian armies and forced [[WorthyOpponent King Darius III]] to flee the battle, Darius was assassinated by a general who fled with him and Alexander seized control of the empire.
Later, Alexander's forces marched into Bactria and India, where Alexander was forced to stop his expansion under the threat of revolt from his army, who were beginning to wonder if he truly would march to the very end of the world, circumstances permitting.
Alexander married a Bactrian woman named Roxana, who later bore him a son after his death. Alexander died on 323 BC after a period of sickness in Babylon. It's unclear exactly what killed him. Some historians have suggested that he died of alcohol poisoning after a drinking contest with some of his soldiers, others suggest that he was poisoned, and still others believe that he may have caught some form of disease.
[[InvincibleHero Alexander never lost a battle, one of the few military leaders of whom this can be said.]] He was also very interested in culture and the arts, and his conquests led to Greek culture getting spread to the east. In a 2009 poll conducted on Greek television, Alexander the Great was voted the greatest Greek of all time.
----
!!Relevant Tropes:
* AchillesInHisTent: His reaction to the Hyphasis mutiny, where his Macedonian troops objected to any further advancement to the east and expressed their desire to return home and enjoy what they had already achieved. Alexander literally retired to his tent for three days, angry and sulking, before seeing omens that convinced him to relent. Appropriate, too, since Alexander was a strong devotee of Homer and the [[Literature/TheIliad Iliad]] and believed himself a descendant of Achilles, whose path he sought to follow.
* ActuallyThatsMyAssistant: [[http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book2a.asp According to Arrianus]], this happened to Alexander the Great, as he met with Darius's mother Sisygambis, who began to address Alexander's companion Hephaestion as Alexander. One of her subordinates corrected her. It seems they were ExpectingSomeoneTaller. (Don't feel too bad, though; [[CrowningMomentOfHeartwarming he too is Alexander]].)
* AGodAmI: Believed he was a descendant of Zeus and acted as such. More precisely, he thought to have descended from both Herakles (a son of Zeus and himself a minor deity) through his father (as was the traditional belief of the Argead dynasty) and Achilles through his mother. If it's true, he certainly made his heroic ancestors proud.
** Some sources also state that Alexander was told by his mother Olympias that he was actually a son of Zeus, who'd made Olympias just one of his many, many conquests. At one point, when Alexander was wounded, he was astonished to see blood flowing from the wound instead of ichor. Ichor, rather than blood, was what supposedly flowed through the veins of the gods.
* TheAlcoholic: As time went on, Alexander drank more and more, and it made all his psychological problems that much worse.
* AnythingThatMoves: As mentioned below, women, men, young boys, and eunuchs.
** Believe it or not, there is only one ancient source saying that Alexander had sexual relationships with males. While Aelian hints that that Hephaestion was a "beloved" of Alexander (although "beloved" did not have sexual meaning in Greece), Quintus Curtius explicitly describes the eunuch Bagoas as Alexander's ''eromenos''. Mary Renault's research can be trusted here.
*** And yet, averted. Despite anything that moved being up for grabs, most sources say he was very 'moderate' in his sex life, and rarely indulged his desires.
*** Or he just thought that war was BetterThanSex.
* ARealManIsAKiller: And he was definitely a "real man".
* AsskickingEqualsAuthority: He supposedly said that his realm would go to "the strongest". That wasn't decided until [[TheRomanEmpire the fledgling Roman Empire]] and Parthians showed everyone who the "strongest" was.
** Although he may have actually said "To Craterus," one of his top generals. The ancient Greek word meaning "strongest" was "kratistôi," which sounds rather similar. There's evidence to suggest that some of his more power-hungry generals may have intentionally "misheard" Alexander, allowing the empire to be split into four parts and ruled by said generals.
*** Other reports indicate that Alexander on his deathbed was too far gone to have said anything. There are too many contradictory accounts to be sure.
*** Other accounts hold that Alexander, while unable to speak on his deathbed, handed his signet ring to another of his generals, Perdiccas. While this could be seen as nominating Perdiccas as a successor, Perdiccas preferred to wait and see if Alexander's pregnant wife Roxana would give birth to a male heir. Which she did, but that did nothing to stop the infighting.
* BadassFamily: His father, Philip II of Macedon, was definitely a BadAss in his own right. If Philip hadn't been assassinated, then maybe it would had been "Philip the Great" instead.
** Well, think of him as Philip the Pretty Good.
* {{Badass}}: [[UpToEleven Oh my...]]
* BadassArmy: Macedon may have had the best army in the world at the time.
* BarbarianHero: Imagine if Conan was taught by Aristotle...
* BloodKnight
* ByronicHero
* CoolHorse: Bucephalus, who effectively would accept him alone as rider. Alexander named one of the cities he founded after the horse.
* CureYourGays: Phillip II worried that his teenaged son was too effeminate, and would not be able to produce an heir, so he dealt with it in a refreshingly straight-forward manner: by sending a string of high class courtesans to his bed chamber. Turns out he needn't have worried, as Alexander was, if anything, [[AnythingThatMoves pansexual]]. He would sleep with women, men, eunuchs, and boys ([[ValuesDissonance although that was considered okay back then]]).
* CuttingTheKnot: The TropeNamer. Although, as pointed out on the trope's page, in some versions of this story Alexander untied the Gordian Knot without cutting it.
* DareToBeBadass: Philip supposedly told Alexander, [[Music/IronMaiden "My son, ask for thyself another kingdom, for that which I leave is too small for thee."]]
* {{Determinator}}: The island of Tyre refuses to kneel before him, and Alexander doesn't have a fleet to invade with. The answer? Cutting down a forest to ''turn the island into a Peninsula!''
** Where seemingly everyone from Ancient Persia to the Soviet Union have generally failed, history may well record him as the only leader to ever conquer all of Afghanistan, "graveyard of empires", by the only method that seems to work: hunting down and subjugating ''every last rebel tribal leader in the whole country.''
** And then he left because he was tired of Afghanistan and never really wanted it in the first place, it was just in the way.
*** Also noteworthy that the only other possible contenders for the title? TheBritishEmpire at the peak of its' power and NATO. The fact that he probably built a more lasting settlement than either of them ultimately achieved should tell you something.
* {{Egopolis}}: There were how many Alexandrias now? Even more than you might think, because many use other languages' translations of his name. Kandahar, Afghanistan is one example.
** To be precise, he founded between a dozen and eighteen cities during his expeditions in Asia, of which the majority were named Alexandria. After his death, his successors created even more cities called that, claiming that Alexander had founded them, too.
** And many other cities were named after things that were either beloved by Alexander or associated with the king himself. For instance, the Greek-city of Thessaloniki was named after Alexander's younger sister, Thessalonike. And as mentioned above, the town of Bucephala was founded and named after his beloved horse Bucephalus.
* FolkHero: He became this for centuries. The more cynical would argue that this just proves HumansAreBastards. A more charitable view is that HumansAreWarriors who admire a {{Badass}} and Alexander was at least that.
* GlorySeeker: To name just one example, he literally ordered the Athenians, back in Greece, to [[AGodAmI declare him a god]] by official decree.
* HandicappedBadass: Possibly - it's often claimed that he had epilepsy, but the actual evidence of this is doubtful. It has also been theorized -- based on descriptions of him -- that he had problems with his eyes.
* HeroicBSOD: In 324BC, Hephaestion was struck with prolonged fever. When it seemed he had finally recovered and was out of danger, Alexander left to watch the festival games. His companion relapsed suddenly and Alexander was unable to return in time before he died. The loss of his lifelong friend plunged the young king into profound mourning that lasted until his own death, eight months later.
--> ''"He flung himself on the body of his friend and lay there nearly all day long in tears, and refused to be parted from him until he was dragged away by force by his Companions"" -- [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrian Arrian]]
** Toyed with in the film. In the Hindu Kush battle, Alexander is pierced with an arrow as is Bucephalus with a spear. After falling to the ground, he reopens his eyes and all the scenery is cast in shades of fuschia and red. Would this be an Heroic RSOD?
* HeterosexualLifePartners: What a lot of people like to think he and Hephaestion were. Whether this was true, or that they were lovers is up for debate, but the latter is very likely.
* HistoricalHeroUpgrade: See the trope for specifics.
* HistoryMarchesOn: Perhaps the TropeCodifier, as historians change their minds about him more often than the seasons.
* HonorBeforeReason: At the battle of Gaugamela he refused to make a night attack because it was undignified. Though [[http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book3a.asp as Arrian pointed out (it's 3(10))]], attacking in daylight might have actually been both more honorable ''and'' a more practical solution.
** Alexander also liked to be right on the front lines, which resulted him taking an arrow to the chest in India.
* IFightForTheStrongestSide: Several Persian commanders, such as [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazaeus Mazaeus]] and [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropates Atropates]], decided to switch sides and join Alexander in the months following his victory in the battle of Gaugamela. Some of these Persians eventually became satraps in Alexander's new empire. Similarly, [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Porus Indian king Porus]] became Alexander's ally after Alexander defeated him in the battle of the Hydaspes River.
* IdiotBall: His arrogance could cause him to carry it at times. Prime example when he choose to cross Gedrosia instead of picking an easier route leading troops home, causing the deaths of more soldiers than any of his battles ever did thanks to dehydration, starvation, disease, and flash flood.
** Some historians believe that this was intentional, out of anger at his troops questioning his desire to advance further into India. Even after being convinced to return home, this interpretation suggests that his infamous temper led him to punish his men for questioning him by taking the hardest possible route.
* InvincibleHero: At least until [[TooCoolToLive he died]].
* KillItWithFire
* LikeFatherLikeSon: Alexander had a wilder streak then Phillip. But, yeah.
* MagneticHero: His men either worshiped him or [[EvenTheGuysWantHim were in love with him]]. Not uncommon with successful commanders before the twentieth century; because of poor communications, to actually command it was necessary for generals to get close enough to the fighting to be in as much danger as the men(even if they had less hardship between battles). Alexander, though actually went ''into'' the fighting, wielding hand weapons [[BloodKnight enthusiastically]].
* MemeticBadass: In the ancient world he was considered so badass that when the Greeks declared he could have defeated Rome easily the Roman reply could be resumed as "not that easily, and we would need to get lucky once and kill him while he would have to win all the times". Yes, the [[TheGloryThatWasRome Ancient Romans]], [[TropeCodifier Trope Codifiers]] of BadassArmy and conqueror of ''all'' the separate empires of his successors, plainly admitted they could only make him pay for his victories, and that they would have won the war only by getting lucky and killing him while he defeated them again.
* NobleSavage: Though some would only agree with [[HistoricalHeroUpgrade one half of the description]] [[HistoricalVillainUpgrade or the other.]]
* ProudWarriorRaceGuy: Macedonians
* PyrrhicVictory: Alexander's Indian campaign resulted in the conquest of only a small part of India, at the price of great losses and leaving the surviving soldiers so exhausted that they refused to advance any further. And as soon as Alexander's main army moved west, Indians started to revolt against Macedonians, who were forced to retreat from some part of India (including the Indus River Delta) even before Alexander's death.
* RiskingTheKing: Nearly got himself killed at the battle of Granicus.
* ScrewTheRulesIMakeThem: He was the King of Macedonia, and would-be Emperor of Persia, and came more and more to lean on this trope. That, along with his various violations of traditional custom (see WhatADrag, among other things) were some of the a major reasons why he became so unpopular in the Greek city-states that had allied with Macedonia. The Greeks considered Alexander merely to be the "first among equals" and were increasingly leery of his pretensions to tyranny.
* ShortLivedBigImpact: The man died at just 32, having spent almost half his life conquering everything in sight.
* SuccessionCrisis: The events of over 40 years following Alexander's death. Only after the death of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator King Seleucus I]] in 281 BC the relatively long-lasting division of the Alexander's empire between Antigonids ruling in Macedonia, Seleucids ruling in Asia and Ptolemies ruling in Egypt crystalized.
* TakeOverTheWorld: After finishing the conquest of Persia he wanted to conquer India as well. At the time of his death he was planning the conquest of Arabian Peninsula, Carthage and Western Europe, including TheRomanRepublic.
** Was apparently planning the conquest. All of this comes from one document after he died that was released by someone of suspect honesty to begin with.
** Although this is the man who took Afghanistan for no real reason after all, he didn't even really want it.
** A good example of his plans is here: "If it were not my purpose to combine barbarian things with things Hellenic, to traverse and civilize every continent, to search out the uttermost parts of land and sea, to push the bounds of Macedonia to the farthest Ocean, and to disseminate and shower the blessings of the Hellenic justice and peace over every nation, I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes." As quoted in "On the Fortune of Alexander" by Plutarch, 332 a-b.
* TestosteronePoisoning: Reading about him certainly starts to feel that way.
* TheOnlyOneAllowedToDefeatYou: When he found the man that had killed Darius, Bessus, he tied the man's limbs to four trees his men were bending over, and then let the trees rip Bessus apart.
* TragicBromance: Alexander and Hephaestion
* UngratefulBastard: As he got older, more paranoid, more alcoholic, and more and more convinced that he was a demigod with an ego to match, he killed off many of the figures responsible for some of his successes, like Parmenio, his former literal-left-hand-man, whose [[YouShallNotPass holding of the line at Gaugamela]] was one of the key factors in his victory, or Cleitus the Black, and old soldier to whom Alexander owed his life.
* ValuesDissonance: Starting a war for no clear reason other then to show what a {{Badass}} you are, is not generally considered gentlemanly behavior today.
** It was frowned upon back in ancient times as well, so it's fortunate for Alexander that he was not, in fact, fighting to prove his badassitude. The stated purpose of the invasion of Persia was to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece - the destruction of Greek temples in particular - over a hundred years earlier.
** His unstated reason for conquest (that wasn't pure propaganda given to the Greek city-states) was that his treasury was almost empty, and he needed booty to make sure that his troops got their due (keeping them loyal) and his father's enormous debts were paid. This actually became a point of contention as he was preparing for invasion, both training his troops and racing against the clock to make sure the Macedonian empire didn't go bankrupt.
** He as much as said several times that he was motivated to a large degree by desire to prove himself a {{Badass}} and a considerable number of his actions are hard to interpret by any other motive.
** Also, everything else aside; the Persian and Greco-Macedonian Empires were already at war as the result of his father Philip's initial operations in Asia Minor. Badass or not, empty treasury or not he effectively inherited the major war of his life and would've had to fight just to make peace, which makes this a case of MisBlamed.
* VictoryIsBoring: Allegedly, "When Alexander saw the breadth of his domain, he wept, for there were no more worlds to conquer."
** That would be a BeamMeUpScotty moment on the part of John Milton right there. The actual quote, from Plutarch, has Alexander weeping because "There are so many worlds and I have not yet conquered even one." Which is kinda the exact opposite. And makes more sense, as Alexander was well aware that he had not conquered the whole world.
*** That he openly admitted intending to conquer the ''whole'' world, and likewise got as far as he did (effectively ''on foot''), really only adds to the whole body of his work.
* WarriorPrince
* WhatADrag: After Macedonians captured Gaza in 332 BC Alexander had Persian commander Batis tied to a chariot and then [[http://www.livius.org/aj-al/alexander/alexander_t39.html dragged him around the city with it]]. He claimed that he wanted to follow the example of Achilles who did the same thing to Hector's body... except that unlike Achilles, Alexander apparently did this to a victim who was still alive, and apparently missed the memo that it was considered by all, including, eventually, Achilles himself, to be a real dick move.
* WhatDidIDoLastNight: Alex, you ''destroyed the Persian capital of Persepolis''. Have a designated driver next time or something.
* WorthyOpponent: The Athenian and Theban hosts at the Battle of Chaeronea. Small cities desperately clinging to what freedom they had left, they sent forth an old fashioned [[GoodOldWays hoplite army]] of [[PartTimeHero militia]] to fight the Macedonian [[BadassArmy military machine]] in a LastStand. This was the last time the old Greek style farmer warriors took up their shields in a classic phalanx battle. From then on Greek warlords would use elaborate combined arms mercenary forces that included phalanxes but weren't dominated by them. After the battle, Alexander is said to have looked at the corpses of the Sacred Band, and given them a [[DueToTheDead special tribute]]
** To those unfamiliar, the Sacred Band of Thebes was an army comprised solely of gay Greek [[BattleCouple Battle Couples]]; the logic was that no man would want to look like a coward in front of his lover or leave his lover to die. The relationship between Alexander and Hephaestion mirrored them, in a way.
* YoungConqueror
----
!!Depictions, Allusions, And Others:
[[AC:{{Anime}} & {{Manga}}]]
* The identity of Rider in ''Literature/FateZero'' is Alexander (albeit using the Persian translation of his name, Iskander). He's a BoisterousBruiser who [[http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20110807192957/typemoon/images/0/08/ZeroRider.jpg looks like this]], has a very odd view on various things, especially the wearing of pants, and is thinking about conquering the world again. He also is among the strongest Servants that are around, his Ionioi Hetairoi being of the highest Noble Phantasm-Rank. It drags the target into a Reality Marble where they will have to face the Heroic Spirits of Alexander's former guards and companions (even his ''horse'' became a Heroic Spirit!), who, having bonded with him in life, remain loyal to him even after death.[[note]]The anime adaption shows an older version of Waver Velvet, who served as Rider's master in the Holy Grail War but considered himself a follower of Iskander instead, among the ranks of his soldiers. After all, Ionioi Hetairoi transcends time and space, and Waver bonded with Iskander just like his former army had.[[/note]] There is also a sequence that elaborates on his reasons for conquering the world, how he desired to reach the end of the world and leave his footprints in the sand, and how he swept away anything that stood in his way and managed to convince many people to support and share his dream. Oh, and also, nearly everything the guy does is CrazyAwesome. May we say HistoricalHeroUpgrade?
** The fact that the book managed to make a self-proclaimed tyrant, who believes that it's not worth ruling unless you do whatever you want, sympathetic in his dreams and actions means yes, [[TearJerker yes]] [[CrowningMomentOfHeartwarming you]] [[CrowningMomentOfAwesome can]]...
* In the forgettable ''Anime/YuGiOhCapsuleMonsters'' miniseries, Alexander is [[spoiler: the antagonist]], and is also [[spoiler:reincarnated as Alex Brisbane.]]
* ''ReignTheConqueror'' (a.k.a. ''Alexander Senki'') was a very... loose... retelling of the story of Alexander's conquests, with character designs by Peter Chung of ''AeonFlux'' fame.
* Alexander is an important character in ''{{Historie}}'' (the protagonist is Eumenes who worked as his secretary at a young age).
[[AC:{{Comics}}]]
* The idol of Ozymandias from ''Comicbook/{{Watchmen}}''. He named himself after Ramses II ''because'' of Alexander (Alexander admired the pharaohs too, so taking on a pharaoh's name would by extension make him more like Alexander).
* Alexander's BrainInAJar (unwillingly) serves as military advisor to Dracula in ''RequiemVampireKnight''.
[[AC:{{Fanfiction}}]]
* Numerous examples of early RealPersonFic -- especially the medieval [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Romance Alexander Romance]] stories. Alex explores the ocean depths in a diving bell and talks to mermaids. His sister turns herself into one when she hears he has died.
[[AC:{{Film}}]]
* In ''TheManWhoWouldBeKing'', the nation they are conquering has a treasure that belonged to Alexander.
* Oliver Stone's ''Alexander''.
* The 1956 epic film ''Alexander the Great'' starring Richard Burton as Alex and Fredric March as Philip.
[[AC:{{Literature}}]]
* Mary Renault's Alexander trilogy: ''Fire from Heaven'', ''The Persian Boy'' and ''Funeral Games''. She did an intense amount of research, which she wrote up in the nonfiction book ''The Nature of Alexander''. Her writings were among the materials utilized by Oliver Stone in the creation of his Alexander film.
* The historical novel ''Literature/ThaisOfAthens'' has Alexander as a recurring character and the eponymous heroine's occasional lover.
* Appears in backstory in ''Literature/DirgeForPresterJohn'' where he helped save Pentexore from Gog and Magog.
* In ''Eternity'', the second book of TheWaySeries, Patricia ended up on parallel world where the one major difference was that Alexander survived his illness and lived to an old age.
[[AC:LiveActionTV]]
* Peter Oldring portrayed Alexander in an episode of ''HistoryBites'', playing up his lustful side.
* Pre-''Series/{{Star Trek|The Original Series}}'', William Shatner starred in an Alexander the Great TV pilot.
* Alexander lost to AttilaTheHun in ''DeadliestWarrior''.
[[AC:{{Music}}]]
* A song made by Music/IronMaiden.
* The song "Iskander D'hul Karnon" by {{Nile}}, which deals with his presentation according to some Muslim beliefs.
[[AC: TabletopGames]]
* In {{Traveller}} ''Rim of Fire'' there was a Terran commander in the InterstellerWars whose hero was AlexanderTheGreat. As the Intersteller Wars era does sometimes look like the relations between the Greeks and the Persians, it kind of makes sense.
* In ''TabletopGame/{{Warhammer 40000}}'', Lord Commander Solar Macharius is heavily inspired in Alexander the Great. His conquests (1000 wolds in ''seven years'') came to an end at the edge of the galaxy. Macharius prepared to move onwards but his armies, never beaten by the enemy, wavered and crumbled at the prospect of exploring the psychic darkness at the galaxy's edge. Also like Alexander his conquests splintered among the seven generals he had, though the Imperium quickly brought them all back into the fold.
[[AC:VideoGames]]
* The namesake of "[[CrazyAwesome Alex the Great]]" in ''VideoGame/{{BioShock 2}}''.
* Is the leader of the Greeks in many of the ''VideoGame/{{Civilization}}'' games.
* He is the protagonist of a ''VideoGame/RomeTotalWar'' expansion pack, appropriately named ''[[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin Alexander]]''. You get a automatic NonStandardGameOver if Alexander ever routes from a battle.
* The demons in ''VideoGame/GodHand'' have an odd obsession with him. Standard pre-attack taunts include "You're not Alexander!" and "I'm Alexander the Great!"
* He is featured on the box art of ''VideoGame/EmpireEarth'''s and the last missions of the game's Greek campaign are about his rise to power and his conquest of Persia.
* He is the star of a self-titled campaign in ''VideoGame/RiseOfNations''' expansion.
* The expansions of ''Videogame/{{Pharaoh}}'' and of its successor ''Videogame/ImmortalCitiesChildrenOfTheNile'' have the player character founding Alexandria on his behalf and aiding him in his Eastern conquests.
[[AC: Other]]
* ''In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great'' by Michael Wood. Wood traveled to all the places Alexander went, guided by locals with their own stories of Alexander to tell. He often literally walked exactly where Alexander had walked and occasionally risked his own life.
* The ''Battles of the World'' interactive CD is narrated in part by Alexander the Great, who introduces himself as, "in all honesty, the greatest general who ever lived".
----
[[caption-width-right:350:[-"There is nothing impossible to him who will try." - Alexander the Great-] ]]
->''"Alexander the Great was the king of Macedon during the 4th century B.C. who saw the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and Asia and decided they would make a really bitchin' backyard.''"
-->-- '''Cracked [[http://www.cracked.com/funny-3139-alexander-great/ on Alexander]]'''.
Born in 356 B.C., Full name Alexander III of Macedon, he was the son of Philip II of Macedon and Olympias of Epirus. One of those extremely rare historical figures whose actual achievements have regularly outshined numerous fictional portrayals.
Alexander was taught by {{Aristotle}} until he was about 16. He came to power after the assassination of his father by the captain of his bodyguard. He promptly put down a series of rebellions around the Balkans and marched his army into Persia.
Alexander made his way through the Persian Empire, clashing with Persia's forces and mercenaries. Along the way, he seized Egypt away from Persia and was declared pharaoh. After Alexander's forces defeated the enormously numerically superior Persian armies and forced [[WorthyOpponent King Darius III]] to flee the battle, Darius was assassinated by a general who fled with him and Alexander seized control of the empire.
Later, Alexander's forces marched into Bactria and India, where Alexander was forced to stop his expansion under the threat of revolt from his army, who were beginning to wonder if he truly would march to the very end of the world, circumstances permitting.
Alexander married a Bactrian woman named Roxana, who later bore him a son after his death. Alexander died on 323 BC after a period of sickness in Babylon. It's unclear exactly what killed him. Some historians have suggested that he died of alcohol poisoning after a drinking contest with some of his soldiers, others suggest that he was poisoned, and still others believe that he may have caught some form of disease.
[[InvincibleHero Alexander never lost a battle, one of the few military leaders of whom this can be said.]] He was also very interested in culture and the arts, and his conquests led to Greek culture getting spread to the east. In a 2009 poll conducted on Greek television, Alexander the Great was voted the greatest Greek of all time.
----
!!Relevant Tropes:
* AchillesInHisTent: His reaction to the Hyphasis mutiny, where his Macedonian troops objected to any further advancement to the east and expressed their desire to return home and enjoy what they had already achieved. Alexander literally retired to his tent for three days, angry and sulking, before seeing omens that convinced him to relent. Appropriate, too, since Alexander was a strong devotee of Homer and the [[Literature/TheIliad Iliad]] and believed himself a descendant of Achilles, whose path he sought to follow.
* ActuallyThatsMyAssistant: [[http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book2a.asp According to Arrianus]], this happened to Alexander the Great, as he met with Darius's mother Sisygambis, who began to address Alexander's companion Hephaestion as Alexander. One of her subordinates corrected her. It seems they were ExpectingSomeoneTaller. (Don't feel too bad, though; [[CrowningMomentOfHeartwarming he too is Alexander]].)
* AGodAmI: Believed he was a descendant of Zeus and acted as such. More precisely, he thought to have descended from both Herakles (a son of Zeus and himself a minor deity) through his father (as was the traditional belief of the Argead dynasty) and Achilles through his mother. If it's true, he certainly made his heroic ancestors proud.
** Some sources also state that Alexander was told by his mother Olympias that he was actually a son of Zeus, who'd made Olympias just one of his many, many conquests. At one point, when Alexander was wounded, he was astonished to see blood flowing from the wound instead of ichor. Ichor, rather than blood, was what supposedly flowed through the veins of the gods.
* TheAlcoholic: As time went on, Alexander drank more and more, and it made all his psychological problems that much worse.
* AnythingThatMoves: As mentioned below, women, men, young boys, and eunuchs.
** Believe it or not, there is only one ancient source saying that Alexander had sexual relationships with males. While Aelian hints that that Hephaestion was a "beloved" of Alexander (although "beloved" did not have sexual meaning in Greece), Quintus Curtius explicitly describes the eunuch Bagoas as Alexander's ''eromenos''. Mary Renault's research can be trusted here.
*** And yet, averted. Despite anything that moved being up for grabs, most sources say he was very 'moderate' in his sex life, and rarely indulged his desires.
*** Or he just thought that war was BetterThanSex.
* ARealManIsAKiller: And he was definitely a "real man".
* AsskickingEqualsAuthority: He supposedly said that his realm would go to "the strongest". That wasn't decided until [[TheRomanEmpire the fledgling Roman Empire]] and Parthians showed everyone who the "strongest" was.
** Although he may have actually said "To Craterus," one of his top generals. The ancient Greek word meaning "strongest" was "kratistôi," which sounds rather similar. There's evidence to suggest that some of his more power-hungry generals may have intentionally "misheard" Alexander, allowing the empire to be split into four parts and ruled by said generals.
*** Other reports indicate that Alexander on his deathbed was too far gone to have said anything. There are too many contradictory accounts to be sure.
*** Other accounts hold that Alexander, while unable to speak on his deathbed, handed his signet ring to another of his generals, Perdiccas. While this could be seen as nominating Perdiccas as a successor, Perdiccas preferred to wait and see if Alexander's pregnant wife Roxana would give birth to a male heir. Which she did, but that did nothing to stop the infighting.
* BadassFamily: His father, Philip II of Macedon, was definitely a BadAss in his own right. If Philip hadn't been assassinated, then maybe it would had been "Philip the Great" instead.
** Well, think of him as Philip the Pretty Good.
* {{Badass}}: [[UpToEleven Oh my...]]
* BadassArmy: Macedon may have had the best army in the world at the time.
* BarbarianHero: Imagine if Conan was taught by Aristotle...
* BloodKnight
* ByronicHero
* CoolHorse: Bucephalus, who effectively would accept him alone as rider. Alexander named one of the cities he founded after the horse.
* CureYourGays: Phillip II worried that his teenaged son was too effeminate, and would not be able to produce an heir, so he dealt with it in a refreshingly straight-forward manner: by sending a string of high class courtesans to his bed chamber. Turns out he needn't have worried, as Alexander was, if anything, [[AnythingThatMoves pansexual]]. He would sleep with women, men, eunuchs, and boys ([[ValuesDissonance although that was considered okay back then]]).
* CuttingTheKnot: The TropeNamer. Although, as pointed out on the trope's page, in some versions of this story Alexander untied the Gordian Knot without cutting it.
* DareToBeBadass: Philip supposedly told Alexander, [[Music/IronMaiden "My son, ask for thyself another kingdom, for that which I leave is too small for thee."]]
* {{Determinator}}: The island of Tyre refuses to kneel before him, and Alexander doesn't have a fleet to invade with. The answer? Cutting down a forest to ''turn the island into a Peninsula!''
** Where seemingly everyone from Ancient Persia to the Soviet Union have generally failed, history may well record him as the only leader to ever conquer all of Afghanistan, "graveyard of empires", by the only method that seems to work: hunting down and subjugating ''every last rebel tribal leader in the whole country.''
** And then he left because he was tired of Afghanistan and never really wanted it in the first place, it was just in the way.
*** Also noteworthy that the only other possible contenders for the title? TheBritishEmpire at the peak of its' power and NATO. The fact that he probably built a more lasting settlement than either of them ultimately achieved should tell you something.
* {{Egopolis}}: There were how many Alexandrias now? Even more than you might think, because many use other languages' translations of his name. Kandahar, Afghanistan is one example.
** To be precise, he founded between a dozen and eighteen cities during his expeditions in Asia, of which the majority were named Alexandria. After his death, his successors created even more cities called that, claiming that Alexander had founded them, too.
** And many other cities were named after things that were either beloved by Alexander or associated with the king himself. For instance, the Greek-city of Thessaloniki was named after Alexander's younger sister, Thessalonike. And as mentioned above, the town of Bucephala was founded and named after his beloved horse Bucephalus.
* FolkHero: He became this for centuries. The more cynical would argue that this just proves HumansAreBastards. A more charitable view is that HumansAreWarriors who admire a {{Badass}} and Alexander was at least that.
* GlorySeeker: To name just one example, he literally ordered the Athenians, back in Greece, to [[AGodAmI declare him a god]] by official decree.
* HandicappedBadass: Possibly - it's often claimed that he had epilepsy, but the actual evidence of this is doubtful. It has also been theorized -- based on descriptions of him -- that he had problems with his eyes.
* HeroicBSOD: In 324BC, Hephaestion was struck with prolonged fever. When it seemed he had finally recovered and was out of danger, Alexander left to watch the festival games. His companion relapsed suddenly and Alexander was unable to return in time before he died. The loss of his lifelong friend plunged the young king into profound mourning that lasted until his own death, eight months later.
--> ''"He flung himself on the body of his friend and lay there nearly all day long in tears, and refused to be parted from him until he was dragged away by force by his Companions"" -- [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrian Arrian]]
** Toyed with in the film. In the Hindu Kush battle, Alexander is pierced with an arrow as is Bucephalus with a spear. After falling to the ground, he reopens his eyes and all the scenery is cast in shades of fuschia and red. Would this be an Heroic RSOD?
* HeterosexualLifePartners: What a lot of people like to think he and Hephaestion were. Whether this was true, or that they were lovers is up for debate, but the latter is very likely.
* HistoricalHeroUpgrade: See the trope for specifics.
* HistoryMarchesOn: Perhaps the TropeCodifier, as historians change their minds about him more often than the seasons.
* HonorBeforeReason: At the battle of Gaugamela he refused to make a night attack because it was undignified. Though [[http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book3a.asp as Arrian pointed out (it's 3(10))]], attacking in daylight might have actually been both more honorable ''and'' a more practical solution.
** Alexander also liked to be right on the front lines, which resulted him taking an arrow to the chest in India.
* IFightForTheStrongestSide: Several Persian commanders, such as [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazaeus Mazaeus]] and [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropates Atropates]], decided to switch sides and join Alexander in the months following his victory in the battle of Gaugamela. Some of these Persians eventually became satraps in Alexander's new empire. Similarly, [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Porus Indian king Porus]] became Alexander's ally after Alexander defeated him in the battle of the Hydaspes River.
* IdiotBall: His arrogance could cause him to carry it at times. Prime example when he choose to cross Gedrosia instead of picking an easier route leading troops home, causing the deaths of more soldiers than any of his battles ever did thanks to dehydration, starvation, disease, and flash flood.
** Some historians believe that this was intentional, out of anger at his troops questioning his desire to advance further into India. Even after being convinced to return home, this interpretation suggests that his infamous temper led him to punish his men for questioning him by taking the hardest possible route.
* InvincibleHero: At least until [[TooCoolToLive he died]].
* KillItWithFire
* LikeFatherLikeSon: Alexander had a wilder streak then Phillip. But, yeah.
* MagneticHero: His men either worshiped him or [[EvenTheGuysWantHim were in love with him]]. Not uncommon with successful commanders before the twentieth century; because of poor communications, to actually command it was necessary for generals to get close enough to the fighting to be in as much danger as the men(even if they had less hardship between battles). Alexander, though actually went ''into'' the fighting, wielding hand weapons [[BloodKnight enthusiastically]].
* MemeticBadass: In the ancient world he was considered so badass that when the Greeks declared he could have defeated Rome easily the Roman reply could be resumed as "not that easily, and we would need to get lucky once and kill him while he would have to win all the times". Yes, the [[TheGloryThatWasRome Ancient Romans]], [[TropeCodifier Trope Codifiers]] of BadassArmy and conqueror of ''all'' the separate empires of his successors, plainly admitted they could only make him pay for his victories, and that they would have won the war only by getting lucky and killing him while he defeated them again.
* NobleSavage: Though some would only agree with [[HistoricalHeroUpgrade one half of the description]] [[HistoricalVillainUpgrade or the other.]]
* ProudWarriorRaceGuy: Macedonians
* PyrrhicVictory: Alexander's Indian campaign resulted in the conquest of only a small part of India, at the price of great losses and leaving the surviving soldiers so exhausted that they refused to advance any further. And as soon as Alexander's main army moved west, Indians started to revolt against Macedonians, who were forced to retreat from some part of India (including the Indus River Delta) even before Alexander's death.
* RiskingTheKing: Nearly got himself killed at the battle of Granicus.
* ScrewTheRulesIMakeThem: He was the King of Macedonia, and would-be Emperor of Persia, and came more and more to lean on this trope. That, along with his various violations of traditional custom (see WhatADrag, among other things) were some of the a major reasons why he became so unpopular in the Greek city-states that had allied with Macedonia. The Greeks considered Alexander merely to be the "first among equals" and were increasingly leery of his pretensions to tyranny.
* ShortLivedBigImpact: The man died at just 32, having spent almost half his life conquering everything in sight.
* SuccessionCrisis: The events of over 40 years following Alexander's death. Only after the death of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator King Seleucus I]] in 281 BC the relatively long-lasting division of the Alexander's empire between Antigonids ruling in Macedonia, Seleucids ruling in Asia and Ptolemies ruling in Egypt crystalized.
* TakeOverTheWorld: After finishing the conquest of Persia he wanted to conquer India as well. At the time of his death he was planning the conquest of Arabian Peninsula, Carthage and Western Europe, including TheRomanRepublic.
** Was apparently planning the conquest. All of this comes from one document after he died that was released by someone of suspect honesty to begin with.
** Although this is the man who took Afghanistan for no real reason after all, he didn't even really want it.
** A good example of his plans is here: "If it were not my purpose to combine barbarian things with things Hellenic, to traverse and civilize every continent, to search out the uttermost parts of land and sea, to push the bounds of Macedonia to the farthest Ocean, and to disseminate and shower the blessings of the Hellenic justice and peace over every nation, I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes." As quoted in "On the Fortune of Alexander" by Plutarch, 332 a-b.
* TestosteronePoisoning: Reading about him certainly starts to feel that way.
* TheOnlyOneAllowedToDefeatYou: When he found the man that had killed Darius, Bessus, he tied the man's limbs to four trees his men were bending over, and then let the trees rip Bessus apart.
* TragicBromance: Alexander and Hephaestion
* UngratefulBastard: As he got older, more paranoid, more alcoholic, and more and more convinced that he was a demigod with an ego to match, he killed off many of the figures responsible for some of his successes, like Parmenio, his former literal-left-hand-man, whose [[YouShallNotPass holding of the line at Gaugamela]] was one of the key factors in his victory, or Cleitus the Black, and old soldier to whom Alexander owed his life.
* ValuesDissonance: Starting a war for no clear reason other then to show what a {{Badass}} you are, is not generally considered gentlemanly behavior today.
** It was frowned upon back in ancient times as well, so it's fortunate for Alexander that he was not, in fact, fighting to prove his badassitude. The stated purpose of the invasion of Persia was to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece - the destruction of Greek temples in particular - over a hundred years earlier.
** His unstated reason for conquest (that wasn't pure propaganda given to the Greek city-states) was that his treasury was almost empty, and he needed booty to make sure that his troops got their due (keeping them loyal) and his father's enormous debts were paid. This actually became a point of contention as he was preparing for invasion, both training his troops and racing against the clock to make sure the Macedonian empire didn't go bankrupt.
** He as much as said several times that he was motivated to a large degree by desire to prove himself a {{Badass}} and a considerable number of his actions are hard to interpret by any other motive.
** Also, everything else aside; the Persian and Greco-Macedonian Empires were already at war as the result of his father Philip's initial operations in Asia Minor. Badass or not, empty treasury or not he effectively inherited the major war of his life and would've had to fight just to make peace, which makes this a case of MisBlamed.
* VictoryIsBoring: Allegedly, "When Alexander saw the breadth of his domain, he wept, for there were no more worlds to conquer."
** That would be a BeamMeUpScotty moment on the part of John Milton right there. The actual quote, from Plutarch, has Alexander weeping because "There are so many worlds and I have not yet conquered even one." Which is kinda the exact opposite. And makes more sense, as Alexander was well aware that he had not conquered the whole world.
*** That he openly admitted intending to conquer the ''whole'' world, and likewise got as far as he did (effectively ''on foot''), really only adds to the whole body of his work.
* WarriorPrince
* WhatADrag: After Macedonians captured Gaza in 332 BC Alexander had Persian commander Batis tied to a chariot and then [[http://www.livius.org/aj-al/alexander/alexander_t39.html dragged him around the city with it]]. He claimed that he wanted to follow the example of Achilles who did the same thing to Hector's body... except that unlike Achilles, Alexander apparently did this to a victim who was still alive, and apparently missed the memo that it was considered by all, including, eventually, Achilles himself, to be a real dick move.
* WhatDidIDoLastNight: Alex, you ''destroyed the Persian capital of Persepolis''. Have a designated driver next time or something.
* WorthyOpponent: The Athenian and Theban hosts at the Battle of Chaeronea. Small cities desperately clinging to what freedom they had left, they sent forth an old fashioned [[GoodOldWays hoplite army]] of [[PartTimeHero militia]] to fight the Macedonian [[BadassArmy military machine]] in a LastStand. This was the last time the old Greek style farmer warriors took up their shields in a classic phalanx battle. From then on Greek warlords would use elaborate combined arms mercenary forces that included phalanxes but weren't dominated by them. After the battle, Alexander is said to have looked at the corpses of the Sacred Band, and given them a [[DueToTheDead special tribute]]
** To those unfamiliar, the Sacred Band of Thebes was an army comprised solely of gay Greek [[BattleCouple Battle Couples]]; the logic was that no man would want to look like a coward in front of his lover or leave his lover to die. The relationship between Alexander and Hephaestion mirrored them, in a way.
* YoungConqueror
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!!Depictions, Allusions, And Others:
[[AC:{{Anime}} & {{Manga}}]]
* The identity of Rider in ''Literature/FateZero'' is Alexander (albeit using the Persian translation of his name, Iskander). He's a BoisterousBruiser who [[http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20110807192957/typemoon/images/0/08/ZeroRider.jpg looks like this]], has a very odd view on various things, especially the wearing of pants, and is thinking about conquering the world again. He also is among the strongest Servants that are around, his Ionioi Hetairoi being of the highest Noble Phantasm-Rank. It drags the target into a Reality Marble where they will have to face the Heroic Spirits of Alexander's former guards and companions (even his ''horse'' became a Heroic Spirit!), who, having bonded with him in life, remain loyal to him even after death.[[note]]The anime adaption shows an older version of Waver Velvet, who served as Rider's master in the Holy Grail War but considered himself a follower of Iskander instead, among the ranks of his soldiers. After all, Ionioi Hetairoi transcends time and space, and Waver bonded with Iskander just like his former army had.[[/note]] There is also a sequence that elaborates on his reasons for conquering the world, how he desired to reach the end of the world and leave his footprints in the sand, and how he swept away anything that stood in his way and managed to convince many people to support and share his dream. Oh, and also, nearly everything the guy does is CrazyAwesome. May we say HistoricalHeroUpgrade?
** The fact that the book managed to make a self-proclaimed tyrant, who believes that it's not worth ruling unless you do whatever you want, sympathetic in his dreams and actions means yes, [[TearJerker yes]] [[CrowningMomentOfHeartwarming you]] [[CrowningMomentOfAwesome can]]...
* In the forgettable ''Anime/YuGiOhCapsuleMonsters'' miniseries, Alexander is [[spoiler: the antagonist]], and is also [[spoiler:reincarnated as Alex Brisbane.]]
* ''ReignTheConqueror'' (a.k.a. ''Alexander Senki'') was a very... loose... retelling of the story of Alexander's conquests, with character designs by Peter Chung of ''AeonFlux'' fame.
* Alexander is an important character in ''{{Historie}}'' (the protagonist is Eumenes who worked as his secretary at a young age).
[[AC:{{Comics}}]]
* The idol of Ozymandias from ''Comicbook/{{Watchmen}}''. He named himself after Ramses II ''because'' of Alexander (Alexander admired the pharaohs too, so taking on a pharaoh's name would by extension make him more like Alexander).
* Alexander's BrainInAJar (unwillingly) serves as military advisor to Dracula in ''RequiemVampireKnight''.
[[AC:{{Fanfiction}}]]
* Numerous examples of early RealPersonFic -- especially the medieval [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Romance Alexander Romance]] stories. Alex explores the ocean depths in a diving bell and talks to mermaids. His sister turns herself into one when she hears he has died.
[[AC:{{Film}}]]
* In ''TheManWhoWouldBeKing'', the nation they are conquering has a treasure that belonged to Alexander.
* Oliver Stone's ''Alexander''.
* The 1956 epic film ''Alexander the Great'' starring Richard Burton as Alex and Fredric March as Philip.
[[AC:{{Literature}}]]
* Mary Renault's Alexander trilogy: ''Fire from Heaven'', ''The Persian Boy'' and ''Funeral Games''. She did an intense amount of research, which she wrote up in the nonfiction book ''The Nature of Alexander''. Her writings were among the materials utilized by Oliver Stone in the creation of his Alexander film.
* The historical novel ''Literature/ThaisOfAthens'' has Alexander as a recurring character and the eponymous heroine's occasional lover.
* Appears in backstory in ''Literature/DirgeForPresterJohn'' where he helped save Pentexore from Gog and Magog.
* In ''Eternity'', the second book of TheWaySeries, Patricia ended up on parallel world where the one major difference was that Alexander survived his illness and lived to an old age.
[[AC:LiveActionTV]]
* Peter Oldring portrayed Alexander in an episode of ''HistoryBites'', playing up his lustful side.
* Pre-''Series/{{Star Trek|The Original Series}}'', William Shatner starred in an Alexander the Great TV pilot.
* Alexander lost to AttilaTheHun in ''DeadliestWarrior''.
[[AC:{{Music}}]]
* A song made by Music/IronMaiden.
* The song "Iskander D'hul Karnon" by {{Nile}}, which deals with his presentation according to some Muslim beliefs.
[[AC: TabletopGames]]
* In {{Traveller}} ''Rim of Fire'' there was a Terran commander in the InterstellerWars whose hero was AlexanderTheGreat. As the Intersteller Wars era does sometimes look like the relations between the Greeks and the Persians, it kind of makes sense.
* In ''TabletopGame/{{Warhammer 40000}}'', Lord Commander Solar Macharius is heavily inspired in Alexander the Great. His conquests (1000 wolds in ''seven years'') came to an end at the edge of the galaxy. Macharius prepared to move onwards but his armies, never beaten by the enemy, wavered and crumbled at the prospect of exploring the psychic darkness at the galaxy's edge. Also like Alexander his conquests splintered among the seven generals he had, though the Imperium quickly brought them all back into the fold.
[[AC:VideoGames]]
* The namesake of "[[CrazyAwesome Alex the Great]]" in ''VideoGame/{{BioShock 2}}''.
* Is the leader of the Greeks in many of the ''VideoGame/{{Civilization}}'' games.
* He is the protagonist of a ''VideoGame/RomeTotalWar'' expansion pack, appropriately named ''[[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin Alexander]]''. You get a automatic NonStandardGameOver if Alexander ever routes from a battle.
* The demons in ''VideoGame/GodHand'' have an odd obsession with him. Standard pre-attack taunts include "You're not Alexander!" and "I'm Alexander the Great!"
* He is featured on the box art of ''VideoGame/EmpireEarth'''s and the last missions of the game's Greek campaign are about his rise to power and his conquest of Persia.
* He is the star of a self-titled campaign in ''VideoGame/RiseOfNations''' expansion.
* The expansions of ''Videogame/{{Pharaoh}}'' and of its successor ''Videogame/ImmortalCitiesChildrenOfTheNile'' have the player character founding Alexandria on his behalf and aiding him in his Eastern conquests.
[[AC: Other]]
* ''In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great'' by Michael Wood. Wood traveled to all the places Alexander went, guided by locals with their own stories of Alexander to tell. He often literally walked exactly where Alexander had walked and occasionally risked his own life.
* The ''Battles of the World'' interactive CD is narrated in part by Alexander the Great, who introduces himself as, "in all honesty, the greatest general who ever lived".
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