History Anime / Bakugan

[[quoteright:250:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/Bakugan_Mechtanium_Surge_6978.png]]
[[caption-width-right:250:The conclusive arc of Bakugan.]]

Collectible Card/Figure game [[{{TabletopGame/Bakugan}} here.]] and Video Games [[{{VideoGame/Bakugan}} here.]]

!!Tropes used in this series:

* AmbiguouslyBrown: Julie's ''entire family''.

* MsFanservice: For a kodomo series, Julie sure is ''very'' easy on the eyes. Blonde, BareYourMidriff... the list goes on. Mira is one too, albeit more emphasis is placed on her overall looks (though it's pretty obvious she has BoobsOfSteel and very nice, shapely legs...)
%%* NeverSayDie: Shun's mom in the dub. Mostly subverted otherwise.

* TomboyAndGirlyGirl: Runo and Julies’ dynamic in the first season. Bizarrely, their interests are more idnacative of each other’s archetype.

%%

* ArtEvolution: ''Gundalian Invaders'' finally stopped with all the OffModel-[[BuffySpeak ness]], but the LipLock is still heavily present.

* BoobsOfSteel: Julie is unusually well-developed for her age, and her Bakugan partner Gorem is TheBigGuy.

* CharClone - Spectra Phantom wears mostly red (including a mask), is blonde, is The Rival, [[spoiler:and is actually named Keith Fermin, the older brother of Mira Fermin]].

** DarkIsEvil: ...On the other hand, we have Hal-G, Masquerade, Barodius and Ren. [[spoiler:Ren turns good later, and Masquerade decides to help Dan during their final brawl together before fading away.]]

*** The first one is early on when Tigrerra is captured by the Vexals, at which point the Resistance is on the verge of collapse. This prompts the Six Soldiers of Vestroia to send Drago to Earth to summon aid. The second one is when Drago is captured and brainwashed putting the Resistance at a severe psychological disadvantage.

* The second episode of Gundalian Invaders has the first Eyecatch in the Teletoon broadcast have Ren saying “Everything’s going to plan, Linehalt.”. Now why would someone on the Brawlers’ side say such a stock bad guy line to what is supposedly another digital clone? [[spoiler:The answer comes three episodes later, with the reveal that Ren is TheMole and that Linehalt is a real Bakugan]].

* VocalDissonance: Dan ages 6 years over 4 seasons, but his voice remains that of a preteen in the Japanese version. Averted in the dub, where Dan is voiced by a male actor who [[VocalEvolution lowers his voice each season]].

* OffModel: The show can have quality issues. And considering that Creator/TMSEntertainment animated it, that's a large stretch. To be more precice, the OffModel is most noteable with Masquerade, Komba and Julio. In Masquerade's case, it looks almost as though the mask is getting bigger in some shots, or that the mask is sliding up and down his face. With Komba and Julio, it's mostly the nose.

** Helios takes it to a major extreme by implementing Vestal technology into his body to become a technorganic dragon, improving it as he and Spectra see fit. The first Battle Gear he uses (also first in the series) is the Twin Destroyer, a pair of rapid-fire, quadruple-barreled machine gun turrets. The next atep up is the Zukanator, a missle-size photon laser that can rip through tempered steel plates like tinfoil.

* {{Bishonen}}: There are many attractive boys in the series, including Shun, Klaus, Spectra, Gus, and possibly Jesse and Hydron as well.

* MsFanservice: For a kodomo series, Julie sure is ''very'' easy on the eyes. DarkSkinnedBlonde, BareYourMidriff... the list goes on. Mira is one too, albeit more emphasis is placed on her overall looks (though it's pretty obvious she has BoobsOfSteel and very nice, shapely legs...)

* DarkSkinnedBlond: Julie is the silver-haired variant.

* MsFanservice: For a kodomo series, Julie sure is ''very'' easy on the eyes. DarkSkinnedBlonde, BareYourMidriff... the list goes on. Mira is one too, albeit more emphasis is placed on her overall looks (though it's pretty obvious she has BoobsOfSteel and [[ShesGotLegs very nice, shapely legs...]])

** The MK 2 upgrade gives Helios a lot more toys to play with: besides retaining the wing cannons, he gets a ChestBlaster (a reference to [[Anime/MobileSuitGundamCharsCounterattack the Sazabi]]), a new right hand with [[FingerFirearms finger lasers]] that can also work as a RocketPunch (a reference to [[Anime/MobileSuitGundam the Zeong]]) that covers an ArmCannon that can be used once [[Anime/MazingerZ fists-a-fly]] '''on top of that'''. And he retains the compatibility with the Maxus traps '''''AND''''' gains the ability to use not one, but '''''TWO''''' different [[MechaExpansionPack sets of Battle Gear]] (the only Bakugan in the anime ever shown to do this): one that is a pair of [[GatlingGood shoulder Gatling cannons]] and another one [[WaveMotionGun being a big-effin-cannon]] that is a reference to [[Anime/MobileSuitZetaGundam the Hyaku Shiki's Mega Beam Launcher]]. ''''' Whew. '''''

** ''Gundalian Invaders'' had Battle Gear and Mobile Assualt vehicles. [[RuleOfThree Both were gone in Mechtanium Surge.]]

%% * GettingCrapPastThe Radar: Due to overwhelming and persistent misuse, GCPTR is on-page examples only until 01 June 2021. If you are reading this in the future, please check the trope page to make sure your example fits the current definition.

Spin Master first made reference to a Western reboot of the Franchise in their [[http://www.spinmaster.com/download/SpinMasterLimited-2015Q3FinancialResults-November112015.pdf 2015 Q3 financial report]][[note]]which also featured a blurry, tentative concept for the lead and a Bakugan[[/note]], then later went mum for a good couple of years before a trademark was filed late in 2017. ''Anime/BakuganBattlePlanet'' is the name for the seemingly more straightforward ''Bakugan'' reboot[[note]] See the page's references for details[[/note]]. [[http://spinmaster.com/download/SpinMasterCorp.Q42017FinancialResultsConferenceCallMarch_8_2018.pdf According to a couple more]] [[https://www.spinmaster.com/download/SpinMasterCorp.Q12018FinancialResultsConferenceCallMay92018.pdf recent financial reports]], ''Battle Planet'' will be in the currently vogue style of 2 {{Quarter Hour Short}}s and that they're aiming for a tentative release date for the show and its toys in 2019. Said reports also alluded to the possibility of a movie in the discussion phase, and a [[https://www.spinmaster.com/download/SM_2017_Business_Segment_Report.pdf 2017 business report]] also has a couple of shots of the new cast and the Pyrus-using lead (a redesign of Dan Kuso), which have been clipped for convenient viewing [[https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/bakugan/images/7/7e/BBP_Promo.png/revision/latest?cb=20180619042937 here]] and [[https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/bakugan/images/8/8b/BBP_Pyrus_Brawler.png/revision/latest?cb=20180619043117 here]].

Not to be confused with ''Manga/{{Bakuman}}''. Or [[Manga/{{Naruto}} Byakugan]]. Or even ''Manga/{{Bakuon}}''[[labelnote:*]]which, coincidentally, is also a Creator/TMSEntertainment property[[/labelnote]].

* AndTheAdventureContinues: [[spoiler: ''Mechtanium Surge'', and the series as a whole, ends with Dan and Drago sailing off into the distance, both sure that wherever the wind takes them, adventure will follow.]]

* BoisterousBruiser: Jake’s general personality when [[spoiler: not brainwashed]].

** The episode 'Blast from the Past' in the second half of the season is a glaring example. It brought back both Preyas forms, Minx Elfin, Skyress, Gorem, Ingram, the list goes on, but it's basically every partner Bakugan except Drago from previous seasons. [[spoiler: It's a shame they were just there to get beaten though...]]

** [[spoiler: Season 2 of New Vestroia made battling more lethal.]]

* DarkIsNotEvil: [[spoiler:Alice]] and Ace use Darkus-attributed Bakugan. [[spoiler: Spectra also uses the now-Darkus Helios in ''Mechtanium Surge'' and, given he is OlderAndWiser there, is firmly on the side of the good guys.]]

** [[spoiler: Downplayed, but Masquerade decides to help Dan battle the remaining Doom Beings at Alice's behest, but even by his own admission he will do it only once.]]
** [[spoiler: Volt and Lync both leave the Vexos because they want no part in Zenoheld's new genocide plans. Lync even [[HeroicSacrifice sacrifices himself to deliver the plans to Alice.]]]]

** Then, [[spoiler: Runo returns as a (fairly) main character in the second half of ''Mechtanium Surge'', but she's still retired from battling. Mira also comes back, but she's more or less MissionControl now.]]

*** Dan and Spectra in the second season for, again, having dragon-like partners and a similar end goal of defeating Zenoheld, though their means to an end significantly differ. [[spoiler: Well, until Keith decides to drop the mask and join the Brawlers, that is.]]

** As of now, [[spoiler: Drago has evolved nine times and gone through ''ten'' forms, adding in one backslide in power after separating from the Perfect Core. So far, if the show is truly over with. The gimmick's been beaten like a dead horse and serves as the prime excuse to make Drago [[DeusExMachina tougher than the resident villains of each season on the fly]] ([[MerchandiseDriven and sell an assload of new toy variants of the main character Bakugan that kids will easily recognize if he's their favorite, thus making their parents shell out money time and time again]])]].
*** Season 4 is Deconstructing this rather hard. Drago's latest evolution is way too much for him to control and is causing ''a lot'' of problems. It's created an unstoppable engine of destruction that's kicking everyone's butts, threatening to set [[BigBad Mag Mel]] [[SealedEvilInACan out of his prison]], and [[ArsonMurderAndJaywalking ''completely ruining''' Dan and Drago's reputation with their in-universe fanbase]] because they're fighting poorly due to needing to focus on controlling their power. Then, [[spoiler: he evolves ''AGAIN'' to solve the problems this new evolution caused, but for the last time]]. Basically, the people behind the series didn't really care how much they abused the evolution gimmick.

* The second episode of Gundalian Invaders has the first Eyecatch in the Teletoon broadcast have Ren saying “Everything’s going to plan, Linehalt.”. Now why would someone on the Brawlers’ side say such a stock bad guy line to what is supposedly another digital clone? [[spoiler: The answer comes three episodes later, with the reveal that Ren is TheMole and that Linehalt is a real Bakugan]].
** In Mechtanium Surge, Razenoid's head heavily resembles Dharak's. This sets up the reveal that [[spoiler: Razenoid IS Dharak and Mag Mel is Barodius]]. In at least one episode set on Gundalia, Dan even suggests that he (Mag Mel) has been there before due to his familiarity with the terrain. [[spoiler: Of course the former Emperor would know the terrain of his planet]].

** [[spoiler: And Spectra Phantom/Keith Fermin with Helios and Gus Grav with Vulcan]]
** [[spoiler: Volt Luster and Lync Volan of the Vexos]]
** [[spoiler: Hydron joined the Brawlers and sacrificed himself in order to stop his father, King Zenoheld]]
** [[spoiler: Most of the members of the Twelve Orders:]]
*** [[spoiler: Ren Krawler and Linehalt]]
*** [[spoiler: Nurzak and Sabator, who later becomes Prime Minister of Gundalia]]
*** [[spoiler: Mason Brown and Avior]]
*** [[spoiler: Lena Isis and Phosphos]]
*** [[spoiler: Jesse Glenn and Plitheon]]
*** [[spoiler: Zenet Surrow and Contestir]]
*** [[spoiler: Sid Arkale willingly releases himself to fall to his death after giving Rubanoid to Ren, and Rubanoid also become the new Guardian Bakugan of Linus Claude after the passing of Neo Ziperator]]
** [[spoiler: Worton and Betadron of the Nonets after Coredegon/Mechtavius-Destroyer commits genocide against humanity and the Bakugan]]
* HerHeartWillGoOn: [[spoiler: Fabia's fiancé was killed in action some time before meeting the Brawlers.]]

** [[spoiler:Prince Hydron makes sure his father goes down with the quickly collapsing ship]] at the end of ''New Vestroia''. As for [[spoiler: Professor Clay, he chooses to stay behind in the Alternative when he gets trapped, rather than have Mira and Keith risk their lives to save him.]]
** [[spoiler: "Surge": Kodokor lets himself be slain so that a combined Spatterix and Stronk can take down Mechtavius Destroyer in the havoc of his explosive death, and likewise, the latter two buy time for Betadron and Gunz to escape harm.]]
** [[spoiler: Also in "Surge", Worton and Betadron stay behind in the time stream to let the Brawlers travel back to the past, knowing they might perish.]]
* HoistByHisOwnPetard: Naga kicked off the series by absorbing too much energy from the Silent Core. [[spoiler: When he dies, it's also by absorbing too much power.]] The BT System of New Vestroia also explodes by absorbing too much power. [[spoiler: Phantom Darak and Barodius also explode from, guess what, absorbing too much power.]] Now, in ''Mechtanium Surge'' there is a creepy guy who is demanding power from the main characters. Any bets on what'll happen to him next? [[spoiler: Guess what! [[OverlyLongGag HE EXPLODED]].]]

** Jesse. Just... Jesse. [[spoiler: EVEN HIS SUPPOSED LAST WORDS!]]

* InactionSequence: Like with most [[TabletopGame/YuGiOh card]] and [[TabletopGame/{{Beyblade}} toy]] based games. Although when it's averted, it's averted ''awesomely''! [[spoiler: Laser-Sword Fight!]]

* KarmicDeath: All of the {{Big Bad}}s (sans Mechtavius Destroyer) have been done in by their own doing. [[spoiler: Naga's own energy absorbing powers were used to overload him, causing him to explode. Zenoheld's own ultimate weapon exploded with him inside it while [[TheDogBitesBack his son who he treated like crap keeps him inside it]]. Barodius met his end when the object he spent the entire season trying to get proved far too much for him to handle and seemingly vaporized him and his Guardian Bakugan. Instead, they turned into Mag Mel and Razenoid, but then were finally beaten for good and destroyed entirely... again, by Mag Mel's suicidal attempt to take Dan down with him by launching all his hi-jacked energy at him... only to fail.]]

** Dragonoid Colossus had Battle Gear he could summon to use on his back like battleship guns. He passes one of these, Axator, to Drago. [[spoiler: If Colossus didn't get destroyed, we might have seen more of his Battle Gear used by Drago.]]

** Cordegon, Slycerack, Exostriker, and Mandiblor act as minions to the Nonets to use their power while they recuperate. [[spoiler:Emphasis on the "act".]]These Mechtogan combine into the terrifying Mechtavius Destroyer when united, capable of sucking in the power of defeated Bakugan. In response to this, [[spoiler: Chromopod's ability to strip these Mechtogan from Cordegon's control allows for the fusion of Quatrogan.]]

** Talkng of Spectra, Mira doesn't recognise him as [[spoiler: her brother]] until he takes his mask off, despite them having the same voice and face.

** Invoked by Wiseman, who [[spoiler: models his human form off Gunz Lazar in a spandex costume]] to frame him, but many viewers can tell them apart from their hair colour.

** Joe in ''New Vestroia'', while [[PlayingWithATrope played with]] in ''Gundalian Invaders'' as [[spoiler: Dan and Julie took a bus away from Runo and Alice.]]

** Also Preyas Angelo/Preyas Diablo. He disappears until Mechtavius Destroyer wages an attack on New Vestroia... and gets a painfully brief cameo before [[spoiler: he has a DisneyDeath.]]

* RedemptionEqualsDeath: [[spoiler: More or less the end result of Volt and Lync's HeelFaceTurn.]]

* RightForTheWrongReasons: In one episode, Runo thinks that Alice is responsible for Masquerade knowing where they go, despite not telling anyone. While [[spoiler: she is right]], She thinks Alice is directly telling the guy, when in fact, the two are [[spoiler: One and the same]].

* SetRightWhatOnceWentWrong: [[spoiler: Mechravius Destroyer obliterates Bakugan City and everyone in it, as well as succeeds in Bakugan genocide, so Dan and the Brawlers go back in time to stop him. However, it does not save the fallen Nonets, while the last two left alive perform a HeroicSacrifice to make this happen.]]

** [[spoiler: Fabia]] starts out as this, but then [[spoiler: Ren]] becomes this after his HeelFaceTurn.

** [[spoiler: When Alice remembers a flashback of Masquerade battling people and sending their Bakugan to the Doom Dimension, she freaks out immensely when the camera pans to his face pulling this smile, phasing partially through his mask to show it's ''her eyes'']]. That moment also counts as a WhatHaveIDone?

** Kazarina and [[spoiler: Nurzak]] get one, too.

* NeverSayDie: Shun's mom in the dub. Mostly subverted otherwise.
* NiceHat: On the final episode of ''Battle Brawlers'', Dan and Runo go out on a date, with the latter sporting a whole new hairstyle and matching white dress. Somehow the first thing Dan notices on Runo is her [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjCCdcsAfzg cool looking hat]].

*** Farbros, the main antagonist Bakugan, has a base form with beam cannons in the claws which can also electroshock, a beam cannon in it's mouth (after all [[BreathWeapon it's a mecha dragon]]), some missile launchers and flamethrowers in the knees. And then it [[MechaExpansionPack combines]] with the Assail System for some [[ShoulderCannon big guns on the back]] and a pilotable cockpit. And then [[UpToEleven it combines with the Alternative]], a literal [[PlanetDestroyer Planet-Killer Starship]].

* OutOfCharacterAlert: Taken UpToEleven when, of all things, [[spoiler:what ticked [[LivingLieDetector Shun]] off to Hal-G impersonating [[TheJeeves Kato]] is him ''once'' referring to Marucho by his name alone, as opposed to "''[[InsistentTerminology Master]]'' Marucho.]]"

** Also in Season 2 was the introduction of Ability and Gate Cards that added/deducted such exorbitant amounts of Gs that they would be straight-up instant-win cards back in Season 1. ([[UpToEleven With some being literal instant-win cards!]])
** Season 1 had no special gimmicks. Season 2 had Trap Bakugan to provide support for main Bakugan. Season 3 had Battle Gear that could cause major destruction to everything in its user’s radius. Season 4 had Gundam-sized Mechtogan with power that would put the likes of the Megazord and Voltron to shame. [[UpToEleven Which were later one-upped by Mechtogan Titans, which were double their size.]]

* {{Expy}}:
** As far as anyone's concerned, Spectra is Masquerade 2.0. both wear eye-covering masks, have flamboyant blonde hair, seek to create the "Ultimate Bakugan", and have shocking secret identities.
** Spectra Phantom...[[CharClone HE IS A CHAR!!]]
** About ''Anime/MobileSuitGundam'', Hydron pays a passing resemblance to [[Anime/MobileSuitGundam00 Hiling Care]]. He also resembles N from ''[[Franchise/{{Pokemon}} Pokemon Black N White]]''.
** More ''Gundam'' goodness: Mylene and Shadow are based off [[Anime/MobileSuitZetaGundam Mouar Pharaoh and Jerid Messa.]] Mylene even has the same surname.
** Julie looks a lot like a young [[Anime/CodeGeass Villetta Nu]].
*** Speaking of ''Anime/CodeGeass'', Dan's silver outfit from Season 2 makes him look a lot like Suzaku.
** Shun is a top level battler in his chosen toy-using sport, has real-world fighting skills, plays on AllGirlsWantBadBoys for the fans, and is a loner. He's Kai with a different look. He even had issues with working with his team and came around due to his connection with his Bakugan (like Kai did with Dranzer).
** Dan in his first season outfit looks a lot like [[VisualNovel/HigurashiWhenTheyCry Keiichi Maebara]].
** Elfin. [[http://images.wikia.com/bakuganusers/images/b/b0/Elfin_Anime.jpg Don't you dare say]] [[http://aja510.tripod.com/SMoon.jpg that she is not an expy of Sailor Moon]].
** Gunz looks a lot like [[Anime/YuGiOh5Ds Jack Atlas]].
** Billy is a dead ringer for a younger [[VideoGame/FatalFury Terry Bogard]]. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNLdCmZblRQ Dubbing over Billy's lines with Terry's]] seems ''completely natural.''
** Dan looks a lot like [[Anime/DigimonFrontier Takuya]] - they wear similar clothing and have the same element.

*** Macubass, a rather obvious homage to [[Anime/MobileSuitZetaGundam the Qubeley]] complete with funnels and hand mounted beam-saber-thingies that also double as cannons. Appropriately enough, Mylene (herself an expy of a character from that anime, though not the one you think) uses it.

All and all, ''Bakugan'' could be seen as a combination of many different popular series. It is in varying parts reminiscent of ''Franchise/{{Digimon}}'' (the whole "{{save both worlds}}" thing--overall, it probably skews closest to ''[[Anime/DigimonTamers Tamers]]''), ''Franchise/YuGiOh'' (the sentient Bakugan are somewhat like the spirit monsters in ''[[Anime/YuGiOhGX GX]]'', and the game is played with cards), ''Franchise/{{Pokemon}}'' (in that ''Pokémon'' was one of the first "mon" series and this series features battling monsters contained in spherical devices), and ''Franchise/{{Beyblade}}'' (MerchandiseDriven). There is one notable difference from these series, and that is that the non-human characters are able to talk while in ball form. (Go ahead, there's no instance where a Franchise/{{Pokemon}} ever talks to its trainer while inside a Poké Ball.)

* MsFanservice: For a kodomo series, Julie sure is ''very'' easy on the eyes. DarkSkinnedBlonde, BareYourMidriff, WhoWearsShortShorts... the list goes on. Mira is one too, albeit more emphasis is placed on her overall looks (though it's pretty obvious she has BoobsOfSteel and [[ShesGotLegs very nice, shapely legs...]])

* AesopAmnesia: Episodes 5 and 6 spend time showing Dan and Runo learning to work together as a team, only to begin bickering again at the end. {{Lampshade|Hanging}}d by Tigrerra in the former.

* IllBoy: Joe lives in the hospital in the first episodes where he appears, but he recovers thanks to Wayvern's healing powers and she becomes his Guardian Bakugan.

* YouGottaHaveBlueHair:
** Runo and her mother both have blue hair, and supporting characters Jenny and Jewles have purple and green hair, respectively.
** In ''New Vestroia'', Baron has purple hair.
** The Vestals have quite a habit of falling under this trope. The only ones with real-world hair colors are carrot-top Mira and blonde Spectra [[spoiler:and it turns out they're siblings.]]
** In ''Gundalian Invaders'' Fabia has dark blue hair, though Dan refers to her as a brunette.
*** Are you sure he didn't say [[YouGottaHaveBlueHair Bluenette?]]

%%* TheBaroness: Mylene, Kazarina

%%* BoisterousBruiser: Jake

%%* BrattyHalfPint: Nene.

%%* DeadpanSnarker: Preyas. Gets even worse with Preyas Diablo.

%%* DisneyDeath: [[spoiler:Gus.]]

%%* GoodAngelBadAngel: Preyas Angelo and Preyas Diablo.

%%** Jesse. Just... Jesse. [[spoiler: EVEN HIS SUPPOSED LAST WORDS!]]

%%* KilledOffForReal: [[spoiler: Sid, ALL of the twelve orders but Nurzak]]
%%** All of the {{Big Bad}}s [[spoiler: B.
%%* LaughingMad: Shadow Prove

%%* LongDistanceRelationship: Julie and Billy.

%%* MissionControl: Joe.

%%* ProperLady: Alice

%%* ScreamsLikeALittleGirl: Jake.

%%* TomboyAndGirlyGirl: Runo and Julie.
%%* TotallyRadical: Akwimos, with the slightest hint of JiveTurkey.

%%* WalkOnWater: Played straight in Gundalian Invaders. ''TWICE''.
%%* [[WarriorPoet Warrior Thespian]]: Jesse.

* FingerlessGloves: Ace, Dan, Marucho, and Hydron in ''New Vestroia''.
** In the original series, every Bakugan player. They're unofficial obligatory equipment.
*** Strangely absent from the third season so far.

All and all, ''Bakugan'' could be seen as a combination of many different popular series. It is in varying parts reminiscent of ''Franchise/{{Digimon}}'' (the whole "{{save both worlds}}" thing--overall, it probably skews closest to ''[[Anime/DigimonTamers Tamers]]''), ''Franchise/YuGiOh'' (the sentient Bakugan is somewhat like the spirit monsters in ''[[Anime/YuGiOhGX GX]]'', and the game is played with cards), ''Franchise/{{Pokemon}}'' (in that ''Pokémon'' was one of the first "mon" series and this series features battling monsters contained in spherical devices), and ''Franchise/{{Beyblade}}'' (MerchandiseDriven). There is one notable difference from these series, and that is that the non-human characters are able to talk while in ball form. (Go ahead, there's no instance where a Franchise/{{Pokemon}} ever talks to its trainer while inside a Poké Ball.)