History of the World in Posts, 1 AD to 2011 AD

AD 1275

• The Mongol horde stomps down the Song dynasty. The Yuan dynasty rolls in.
• The Kenji era of Japan begins
• Valdemar, king of Sweden, is defeated and replaced by his brother, Magnus.
• The Manx are defeated by the Scottish at the Isle of Man, establishing Scottish rule over the island.
• Lorenzo Tiepolo, the Doge of Venice, dies. Such sadness, wow.

1276:

• Augsburg becomes an Imperial Free City. Ravensburg also does in the same year.
• Stefan Dragutin of Serbia becomes King of Serbia.

1277:

• St George's Cross is first recorded in use as the national flag of England.

GODDAMN IT, STOP SCREWING THIS GAME UP, GOISE.

edited 14th Jan '15 11:10:20 AM by MrLavisherMoot

A.D. 1278:

• For the first time, Zoroastrian scribes commit the Avesta to writing.
• Charles of Anjou is crowned King of Jerusalem.
• Battle of the Marchfeld: A Habsburg victory over Bohemian forces cements the house's control over much of Central Europe for the next 600+ years.

AD 1279

• A Yuan diplomatic party sent by Kublai Khan to Japan is killed by Japan's regent Hōjō Tokimune, leading to a second invasion attempt by the Mongols in 1281.
• Mamluk sultan Baraka Khan and emir Qalawun of Egypt invade Armenia; a revolt in Egypt while they are away forces Baraka to abdicate and allows Qalawun to become sultan.
• The Royal Mint of England moves into the Tower of London.
• The first of the Statutes of Mortmain are passed under King Edward I of England, which prevents land from passing into possession of the church.

Bumpity bump bump, bumpity bump bump.

1280

– Reconquista – Battle of Moclín: Troops of the Emirate of Granada defeat those of the Kingdom of Castile and Kingdom of Leon.

Construction on the northern section of the Grand Canal of China is begun.

The final expansion of Lincoln Cathedral in England is completed.

King Magnus III of Sweden founds a Swedish nobility by enacting a law accepting a contribution of a cavalry-member in lieu of ordinary tax payments.

The Wolf minimum of solar activity begins (approximate date).

Tsar Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria flees from Tarnovo, ending the Asen dynasty in Bulgaria.

Syria attempts to secede from the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, but Al Mansur Qalawun defeats the rebels and keeps Syria within the Egyptian sultanate.

The second of two main surveys of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086, is completed; it began in 1279.

Turin is conquered by Thomas III of Savoy, becoming the capital of the House of Savoy.

edited 29th Jan '15 10:11:16 AM by Beaver

1281

• Guy of Dampierre, count of Flanders, licenses the first Lombards merchants to open a changing business in his realm.
• Pope Martin IV succeeds Pope Nicholas III as the 189th pope.
• Pope Martin IV authorises a Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.

1282

• Dafydd ap Gruffydd, brother of Prince of Wales Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, attacks an English castle; his brother feels compelled to support him despite being unprepared for war. Their actions lead to the final English conquest of Wales by King Edward I of England.
• Hertford College is founded at the University of Oxford.
• The technology of watermarks is introduced by paper manufacturers of Bologna, Italy.

The year is supposed to correspond to the post number, hence why I have two in this one to keep it flowing.

A.D. 1283:

• King Ramkhamhaeng devises the Thai alphabet.
• Dafydd ap Gruffydd, the last ruler of an independent Wales, become history's first victim of the newly devised execution method of hanging, drawing, and quartering.
• Grand Duke Daniil unites most of western Russia into the new state of Muscovy.
• In Castile, the Libro de los juegos provides the earliest surviving treatise on the Western versions of chess, dice, and backgammon.
• Ramon Llull composes the earliest complete work in Catalan.

AD 1284:

• Putting an end to the bedouin rebellion that had toppled his brother in 1283, Abu Hafs Umar I reconquers Tunis and re-installs the Hafsids as the dominating dynasty in Ifriqiya.
• The Byzantine city Tralles falls to the Turkish emirate of Menteshe. 20,000 people are led off as slaves.
• Mamluk sultan of Egypt Qalawun signs a 10-year truce with the Crusader city of Acre; he will violate the truce on pretexts in 1290.
• The German city of Hamburg is destroyed by a fire.
• The events giving rise to the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin take place in Lower Saxony.
• Peterhouse, the oldest collegiate foundation of the University of Cambridge in England, is established by Hugh de Balsham, Bishop of Ely.

1285 AD:

- The writ Circumspecte Agatis, issued by King Edward I of England, defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.

- First record of an emission of life annuities by the city of Lübeck. It is the first instance of issue of public debt in Germany and it confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt over north-western Europe.

- The county of Champagne is integrated into the kingdom of France, the region loses its haven characteristics for foreign merchants and the fairs of Troyes quickly dwindle into economic insignificance.

edited 30th Jan '15 7:28:39 AM by Quag15

A.D 1286

• Abu Zakariya is successful in setting a principality centered on Béjaïa, which becomes a rival of the main Hafsid entity based in Tunis.

• March 19 – King Alexander III of Scotland dies in a horse accident with only Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland's unborn child and 3-year-old Margaret, Maid of Norway as heirs; this sets the stage for the First War of Scottish Independence and increased influence of England over Scotland.

• King Rudolph I of Germany declares all Jews to be "serfs of the Treasury", thus negating all their political freedoms.

• King Philip IV of France imposes the gabelle – a tax on salt in the form of a state monopoly – which would become immensely unpopular and grossly unequal, but persist until 1790.

• Prussians resettled in Sambia stage an uprising.

A.D. 1287:

• "St. Lucia's Flood" drastically reshapes the coastline of Holland, creating the Zuider Zee and turning the formerly lakeside town of Amsterdam into a port city.
• In Burma, the 250-year-old kingdom of Pagan falls to Mongol armies.

1288 AD

• Battle of Bạch Đằng: Đại Việt (Vietnamese) general Trần Hưng Đạo sinks the fleet of an invading Mongol army of the Yuan Dynasty by placing steel-tipped bamboo stakes in the Bach Dang River near Ha Long Bay.
• The Japanese era Koan ends, and the Shōō era begins.
• The Scots Parliament creates a law allowing women to propose marriage to men during leap years; men who refuse such proposals are required to pay a fine to the spurned bride-to-be.
• Newcastle Emlyn Castle in Wales is recaptured by English forces, bringing Rhys ap Maredudd's revolt to an end
• The oldest surviving bell in the clocks atop the dome of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is built.

A.D 1289:

• In Siena, twenty three partners, including five members of the Bonsignori family, re-create the Gran Tavola, formerly the most successful European bank, which had ceased its operations after the death of its creator and manager Orlando Bonsignori in 1273.
• June 11 – The Italian Guelph and Ghibelline factions fight in the Battle of Campaldino; the Guelph victory secures their position of power in Florence.
• April 27 – Fall of Tripoli: Mamluk sultan Qalawun captures the County of Tripoli (in present-day Lebanon) after a month-long siege, thus extinguishing the crusader state.
• Franciscan friars begin missionary work in China.

A.D. 1290: King Edward I (Longshanks) of England has an eventful year:

• He expels all Jews from the kingdom.
• He outlaws the deeding of land to the Church.
• After the death of his beloved wife Eleanor (his affection was considered unusual for a contracted royal marriage of that day), the mourning Edward accompanies her body from Lincoln to London, erecting stone memorial crosses along the way. A few still survive, including the famous Charing Cross.

AD 1291 Everlasting League forms, basis of Swiss Confederation (Independence)

A.D. 1292:

• The Mongols invade Java, but are able to hold it only briefly.
• Friar Roger Bacon dies in Oxford.

P.S.: Step it up, folks: it's not going to stay on the first page by itself.

1293 AD:

• The Japanese era Shōō ends, and the Einin era begins.

• The Hindu Majapahit Empire is founded by Kertarajasa in Java. It benefits from internal conflict and Mongol intervention to defeat the Singhasari kingdom and establish the empire.

• Torkel Knutsson leads Sweden in beginning the Third Swedish Crusade against unchristianized Finnish Karelia.

edited 4th Feb '15 7:40:15 AM by Quag15

1294

Kublai Khan dies.

Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt.

A.D. 1295:

• The long-Buddhist Mongol Khanate converts to Islam.
• Marco Polo returns to Venice from his Chinese travels.
• Scotland and France establish a military alliance against England.

1296

• Boniface of Verona expels the Byzantines from their last remaining strongholds on Euboea.
• The Chinese diplomat Zhou Daguan spends a year at the court of the Khmer King Indravarman III at Angkor and pens a journal setting forth his observations.
• King Edward I of England storms and captures Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking what is at this time a Scottish border town, with much bloodshed. He slaughters most residents, including those who flee to the churches.

1297

January 8 – The forces of Francesco Grimaldi storm the castle of Monaco. The House of Grimaldi will remain rulers of the principality into the 21st century.

May 3 – Near Rome, Stefano Colonna captures the treasure sent by the Caetani familly to the pope.[1]

August 28 – Edward I of England unsuccessfully invades Flanders.

September 11 – Battle of Stirling Bridge: The Scottish armies of Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeat the English.

September 12 – King Denis of Portugal and King Ferdinand IV of Castile sign the Treaty of Alcanizes. The geographic limits of Portugal are fixed permanently (with the exception of São Félix de Galegos, lost in 1640 and Olivenza, lost in 1801).

King Louis IX of France is canonized.

As part of the treaty of Anagni, the king of Aragon is recognized as ruler of the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica by the pope but both islands remain in practice under Pisan and Genoese control.

A Portuguese Water Dog is first described in a monk’s report of a drowning sailor who had been pulled from the sea by a dog

edited 17th Feb '15 8:36:36 AM by Beaver

Should've posted that one before you did.

1298 AD: July 22 – Battle of Falkirk: King Edward I of England defeats a Scottish army led by William Wallace. A majority of Edward's infantry are Welsh.

The Chinese governmental minister Wang Zhen (official) invents wooden movable type printing (Bi Sheng invented ceramic movable type in the 11th century).

September 9 – Battle of Curzola: the Genoese fleet defeats the Venetians. Marco Polo is one of the prisoners taken, and while in prison in Genoa, he begins dictating his Travels to Rustichello da Pisa.

1299

• The world's oldest bowling green, in Southampton (yay, my hometown), is used for the first time.
• The city of Florence bans the use of Arabic numerals for commerce, allowing only Roman numerals.
• A serious fire occurs at Westminster Palace.

edited 17th Feb '15 8:42:08 AM by MrLavisherMoot

AD 1300

• February 22 – The Jubilee of Pope Boniface VIII is celebrated. It is at this celebration that Giovanni Villani decides to write his universal history of Florence, the Cronica.
• A census in Imperial China finds that it has roughly 60 million inhabitants
• March 10 – Wardrobe accounts of King Edward I of England (aka Edward Longshanks) include a reference to a game called creag being played at the town of Newenden in Kent. It is generally agreed that creag was an early form of cricket (see also History of cricket to 1696).