Schmidt celebrating his 30th birthday alone doesn't gel with the timeline established in the first film, where he graduates high school at 18 in 2005, and 22 Jump Street taking place in 2014 places him at 27 at his oldest. However, the first film also establishes that Jenko was held back several times, which would place him at approximately 30 in 2014. This would mean that Schmidt wasn't celebrating his birthday, but he'd tried to arrange something for Jenko's birthday.
Captain Dickson isn't actually angry at Schmidt for sleeping with his daughter. He's angry at himself for making the "She's an art major, she can't be that smart" remark and high-fiving Schmidt for it, which he ends up taking it out on Schmidt.
Alternatively, Dickson's remark about art majors being stupid indicates a more strained relationship between him and his daughter than what we were shown: he likely disapproved of her majoring in art and probably even tried to funnel her down a career path he thought would be more desirable for her, with no success.
Last time around, Dickson pointed out that the only reason anyone cared about the HFS epidemic is because a white kid died, so isn't it a little odd that a black girl's death is enough to get Schmidt and Jenko sent after Why Phy this time around? Well, later on, we learn that Dickson's daughter attends the very same university where the investigation is taking place, and her room is right across from the deceased's. It seems like Dickson wanted to make sure his daughter stays safe.
