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** The Late Horizon: Follows the rise of the Inca Empire, lead by Pachacutec, and its eventual expansion, which would be called the Tawantinsuyu and would eventually cover most of the northern territory of Chile, the coast and mountains of Perú as well as parts of the forests, Ecuador, and parts of Colombia and Bolivia; it ends with the capture of Atahualpa and his execution by Francisco Pizarro the 26th of July of 1533.
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** The Late Horizon: Follows the rise of the Inca Empire, lead by Pachacutec, and its eventual expansion, which would be called the Tawantinsuyu and would eventually cover most of the northern territory of Chile, the coast and mountains of Perú as well as parts of the forests, Ecuador, and parts of Colombia and Bolivia; it ends with the capture of Atahualpa and his execution by Francisco Pizarro the 26th of July of UsefulNotes/FranciscoPizarro on 26 July, 1533.
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The territory of Perú was home to many of the ancient cultures of América like the Norte Chico civilization, which built the most ancient city in the American Continent (About 5000 years old) most known as Caral, and various others. Pre-Columbian history, so called to alude the time before the arrival of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}ans, is studied in six stages, with three general divisions of time.
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The territory of Perú was home to many of the ancient cultures of América like South America, such as the Norte Chico civilization, which built the most ancient city in the American Continent (About 5000 years old) most known as Caral, and various others. Pre-Columbian history, so called to alude allude to the time before the arrival of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}ans, is studied in six stages, with three general divisions of time.
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One of the major discussions is the apparent lack of writing amongst the Peruvian cultures until the end of the Precolumbine period. Aside from the Quipus, which were knotted cords that served for logistics and accounting, there have been two speculated ways of writing, one of them being beanform marks found in some places and the other bein the Tocapus, symbols found in the clothes of the higher ranked members of society and which are thought to be a hieroglyphical way of writing.
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One of the major discussions is the apparent lack of writing amongst the Peruvian cultures until the end of the Precolumbine period. Aside from the Quipus, which were knotted cords that served for logistics and accounting, there have been two speculated ways of writing, one of them being beanform marks found in some places and the other bein being the Tocapus, symbols found in the clothes of the higher ranked members of society and which are thought to be a hieroglyphical way of writing.
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This finally lead to the researchers to take up some off the other postulates for the origin of the first amerindians that was not the Bering theory; nowadays the Bering theory is mentioned as one of, not the only, route from which the original humans from the continent came from, the other being the Polynesian route, from which people would have used boats to hop from each of the islands of the Pacific to finally reach the southern part of America in a similar fashion to how Australia or New Zealand were populated.
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This finally lead to the researchers to take up some off of the other postulates for the origin of the first amerindians that was not the Bering theory; nowadays Amerindians. Nowadays the Bering theory is mentioned as one of, not the only, route from which the original humans from of the continent came from, the other being the Polynesian route, from which people would have used boats to hop from each of the islands of the Pacific to finally reach the southern part of America in a similar fashion to how Australia UsefulNotes/{{Australia}} or New Zealand UsefulNotes/NewZealand were populated.
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The Bering theory was accepted and was widely known as the explanation ot the populating process of the continent, it eventually came to be refutated or at least amended in light of various human bones or tools found in the Southern subcontinent. The simple reason as to why there was a problem with the Bering theory was the date if those human remains, which were almost as old as the time of the last glaciar period.
This of course implied that humans had to somehow migrate further south in an incredibly short frame of time - and of course, they had to do this by foot since horsemanship had yet to be developed- and what was more, there was a tendency to find more and more vestiges of humans in the southern part of the continent rather than in the northern part, finally coupled with the finding of Caral (detailed bellow) that simply made it impossible for humans to have simply come from Siberia and reach to the south in a ludicrous short amount of time without leaving some remains of similar action what would be Canada and the USA today.
This of course implied that humans had to somehow migrate further south in an incredibly short frame of time - and of course, they had to do this by foot since horsemanship had yet to be developed- and what was more, there was a tendency to find more and more vestiges of humans in the southern part of the continent rather than in the northern part, finally coupled with the finding of Caral (detailed bellow) that simply made it impossible for humans to have simply come from Siberia and reach to the south in a ludicrous short amount of time without leaving some remains of similar action what would be Canada and the USA today.
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The Bering theory was accepted and was widely known as the explanation ot of the populating process of the continent, it continent. It eventually came to be refutated refuted or at least amended amended, in light of various human bones or tools found in the Southern subcontinent. South America. The simple reason as to why there was a problem with the Bering theory was the date if of those human remains, which were almost as old as the time of the last glaciar glacial period.
This of course implied that humans had to somehow migrate further south in an incredibly short frame of time - and of course, they had to do this byfoot foot, since horsemanship had yet to be developed- and what was more, developed. Additionally, there was a tendency to find more and more vestiges of humans in the southern part of the continent rather than in the northern part, finally coupled with the finding of Caral (detailed bellow) that simply made it impossible for humans to have simply come from Siberia and reach to the south in a ludicrous short amount of time without leaving some remains of similar action what would be Canada UsefulNotes/{{Canada}} and the USA UsefulNotes/UnitedStates today.
This of course implied that humans had to somehow migrate further south in an incredibly short frame of time - and of course, they had to do this by
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It is not known exactly when people started to live in the UsefulNotes/TheAmericas and much less known is from where did these humans came from. From as early as the time of the Spanish arrival, people debated how was this continent filled with people given, its geographical isolation in contrast to the continents of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}, UsefulNotes/{{Asia}} and UsefulNotes/{{Africa}}. Nevertheless, during the 19th century and the 20th century, it became a general consensus to argue that the start of the migration to America was done during the last Glacial period. Most known is the postulate that suggests that the first people to have arrived from the Bering land bridge, located in the northern part of America and which most likely linked it to Siberia.
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It is not known exactly when people started to live in the UsefulNotes/TheAmericas and much less known is from where did these humans came from. From as early as the time of the Spanish arrival, people debated how was this continent filled with people given, its geographical isolation in contrast to the continents of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}, UsefulNotes/{{Asia}} and UsefulNotes/{{Africa}}. Nevertheless, during the 19th century and the 20th century, The20thCentury, it became a general consensus to argue that the start of the migration to America was done during the last Glacial period. Most known is the postulate that suggests that the first people to have arrived there from the Bering land bridge, located in the northern part of America and which was most likely linked it to Siberia.
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Changed line(s) 17,18 (click to see context) from:
It is not known exactly when people started to live in the UsefulNotes/TheAmericas and much less known is from where did these humans came from, from as early as the time of the Spanish arrival, people debated how was this continent filled with people given its geographical isolation in contrast to the continents of Europe, Asia or Africa; nevertheless, during the Nineteenth and Twentieth century it became a general concensus to argue that the start of the migration to America was done during the last Glacial period. Most known is the postulate that suggests that the first people to have arrived from the Bering land bridge, located in the northern part of America and which most likely linked it to Siberia.
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It is not known exactly when people started to live in the UsefulNotes/TheAmericas and much less known is from where did these humans came from, from from. From as early as the time of the Spanish arrival, people debated how was this continent filled with people given given, its geographical isolation in contrast to the continents of Europe, Asia or Africa; nevertheless, UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}, UsefulNotes/{{Asia}} and UsefulNotes/{{Africa}}. Nevertheless, during the Nineteenth and Twentieth 19th century and the 20th century, it became a general concensus consensus to argue that the start of the migration to America was done during the last Glacial period. Most known is the postulate that suggests that the first people to have arrived from the Bering land bridge, located in the northern part of America and which most likely linked it to Siberia.
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Changed line(s) 17,18 (click to see context) from:
It is not known exactly when people started to live in the American continent and much less known is from where did these humans came from, from as early as the time of the Spanish arrival, people debated how was this continent filled with people given its geographical isolation in contrast to the continents of Europe, Asia or Africa; nevertheless, during the Nineteenth and Twentieth century it became a general concensus to argue that the start of the migration to America was done during the last Glacial period. Most known is the postulate that suggests that the first people to have arrived from the Bering land bridge, located in the northern part of America and which most likely linked it to Siberia.
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It is not known exactly when people started to live in the American continent UsefulNotes/TheAmericas and much less known is from where did these humans came from, from as early as the time of the Spanish arrival, people debated how was this continent filled with people given its geographical isolation in contrast to the continents of Europe, Asia or Africa; nevertheless, during the Nineteenth and Twentieth century it became a general concensus to argue that the start of the migration to America was done during the last Glacial period. Most known is the postulate that suggests that the first people to have arrived from the Bering land bridge, located in the northern part of America and which most likely linked it to Siberia.
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'''Peru''' (''Perú'' in Spanish and ''Piruw'' in Quechua and Aymara), or '''Republic of Peru''' (''República del Perú'' in Spanish, ''Piruw Ripuwlika'' in Quechua and ''Piruw Suyu'' in Aymara) is a country in western UsefulNotes/SouthAmerica, it's the third largest country in South America (after UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}} and UsefulNotes/{{Argentina}}), also, it's among the countries with most variety in natural regions and subclimates in the world. How many you ask? There are somewhere over 100 subclimates subdivided in three natural regions: the coast, formed mainly by deserts and small valleys, the Andes mountains, and the jungle (the Amazon rainforest). Its population surpasses 29 million, with its capitol and largest city, Lima, encompassing 9 million inhabitants, diversified between the indigenous populations and the mestizos, with a small percentage of Black people, Asians, and Europeans. In particular, it contains the second-largest ethnically Japanese population in all of South America, beaten out only by Brazil. Religiously, however, it is mostly Christian Catholic with a growing number of Evangelical congregations.
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'''Peru''' (''Perú'' in Spanish and ''Piruw'' in Quechua and Aymara), or '''Republic of Peru''' (''República del Perú'' in Spanish, ''Piruw Ripuwlika'' in Quechua and ''Piruw Suyu'' in Aymara) is a country in western UsefulNotes/SouthAmerica, it's UsefulNotes/SouthAmerica. It is the third largest country in South America (after UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}} and UsefulNotes/{{Argentina}}), also, it's it is among the countries with most variety in natural regions and subclimates in the world. How many you ask? There are somewhere over 100 subclimates subdivided in three natural regions: the coast, formed mainly by deserts and small valleys, the Andes mountains, and the jungle (the Amazon rainforest). Its population surpasses 29 million, with its capitol capital and largest city, Lima, encompassing 9 million inhabitants, diversified between the indigenous populations and the mestizos, with a small percentage of Black people, Asians, and Europeans. In particular, it contains the second-largest ethnically Japanese population in all of South America, beaten out only by Brazil. Religiously, however, it is mostly Christian Catholic Catholic, with a growing number of Evangelical congregations.
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'''Peru''' (''Perú'' in Spanish and ''Piruw'' in Quechua and Aymara), or '''Republic of Peru''' (''República del Perú'' in Spanish, ''Piruw Ripuwlika'' in Quechua and ''Piruw Suyu'' in Aymara) is a country in western South America, it's the third largest country in South America (after UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}} and UsefulNotes/{{Argentina}}), also, it's among the countries with most variety in natural regions and subclimates in the world. How many you ask? There are somewhere over 100 subclimates subdivided in three natural regions: the coast, formed mainly by deserts and small valleys, the Andes mountains, and the jungle (the Amazon rainforest). Its population surpasses 29 million, with its capitol and largest city, Lima, encompassing 9 million inhabitants, diversified between the indigenous populations and the mestizos, with a small percentage of Black people, Asians, and Europeans. In particular, it contains the second-largest ethnically Japanese population in all of South America, beaten out only by Brazil. Religiously, however, it is mostly Christian Catholic with a growing number of Evangelical congregations.
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'''Peru''' (''Perú'' in Spanish and ''Piruw'' in Quechua and Aymara), or '''Republic of Peru''' (''República del Perú'' in Spanish, ''Piruw Ripuwlika'' in Quechua and ''Piruw Suyu'' in Aymara) is a country in western South America, UsefulNotes/SouthAmerica, it's the third largest country in South America (after UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}} and UsefulNotes/{{Argentina}}), also, it's among the countries with most variety in natural regions and subclimates in the world. How many you ask? There are somewhere over 100 subclimates subdivided in three natural regions: the coast, formed mainly by deserts and small valleys, the Andes mountains, and the jungle (the Amazon rainforest). Its population surpasses 29 million, with its capitol and largest city, Lima, encompassing 9 million inhabitants, diversified between the indigenous populations and the mestizos, with a small percentage of Black people, Asians, and Europeans. In particular, it contains the second-largest ethnically Japanese population in all of South America, beaten out only by Brazil. Religiously, however, it is mostly Christian Catholic with a growing number of Evangelical congregations.
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Classically, it is said that the Inca Empire peacefully died right the moment Atahualpa was killed, which is a '''BIG''' misconception debunked as early as the time of the first chronicles made by the friars or the writings of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, the truth is that after his death, Atahualpa's other generals continued the fight against the Spaniards, however, the Spanish were evermore aided by various indigenous people who saw in them a chance to free themselves from the Tawantinsuyu and, ironically, the Inca elite who had been enemies of Atahualpa. Eventually, this would lead to the coronations of puppet rulers such as Túpac Hualpa, who died three months after his coronation, and Manco Inca who was another brother of Túpac Hualpa and Atahualpa.
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Classically, it is said that the Inca Empire peacefully died right the moment Atahualpa was killed, which is a '''BIG''' misconception debunked as early as the time of the first chronicles made by the friars or the writings of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Creator/IncaGarcilasoDeLaVega, the truth is that after his death, Atahualpa's other generals continued the fight against the Spaniards, however, the Spanish were evermore aided by various indigenous people who saw in them a chance to free themselves from the Tawantinsuyu and, ironically, the Inca elite who had been enemies of Atahualpa. Eventually, this would lead to the coronations of puppet rulers such as Túpac Hualpa, who died three months after his coronation, and Manco Inca who was another brother of Túpac Hualpa and Atahualpa.
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Eventually, Pizarro and Atahualpa met in Cajamarca, the Spaniards frightened by the army before them (them being around 150 men) were rallied by Pizarro to go on until they were surrounded, it is now thought that the Spanish themselves managed to gather some followers amongst the natives in a similar fashion as it was done in Mexico and had them waiting in case the Spanish forces were attacked; at the moment of the meeting, Pizarro used a translator to tell Atahualpa that he was to abandon his idolatric ways, submit to God and become a subject of the King of Spain. What followed is still debated by historians, however it's agreed that Atahualpa intended to kill or capture the Spaniards and take whatever they had with him, and when he was given the Bible, Atahualpa looked at it and later tossed it away, making his intentions to the Spaniards explicit and taking the initiative.
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Eventually, Pizarro and Atahualpa met in Cajamarca, the Spaniards frightened by the army before them (them being around Cajamarca. The meager 150 men) were rallied by Pizarro to go on until they were surrounded, it is now thought that Spaniards[[note]]some believed the Spanish themselves had alreadu managed to gather some followers amongst the natives in a similar fashion as it was done in Mexico and had them waiting in case the Spanish forces were attacked; attacked, but if it was the case, they were surely not as many as Atahualpa's army[[/note]] were frightened by the army before them but rallied by Pizarro to go on until they were surrounded at the moment of the meeting, meeting. Pizarro used a translator to tell Atahualpa that he was to abandon his idolatric ways, submit to God and become a subject of the King of Spain. What followed is still debated by historians, however it's agreed that Atahualpa intended to kill or capture the Spaniards and Spaniards, take whatever they had with him, him and when keep some of them as artisans. When he was given the Bible, Atahualpa looked at it and later tossed it away, making his intentions to the Spaniards explicit and taking the initiative.
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In captivity, Atahualpa hoped to play with the greed of the Spaniards at his favour and made an offer of a personal rescue of a pair of rooms filled with gold and silver each. As time passed, the Spaniards grew evermore paranoid due to the fear of being overrun and slain by the Inca's armies, something that seems to be a certainty as Atahualpa had given orders to his generals to await his word before moving and there was an army nearby the place where he was being kept.
Pizarro isn't thought to have desired for Atahualpa's subsequent trial and execution, and was even planning to have him shipped to Spain before the court of Charles I as an exiled monarch, however the urging of his men and his own nerves eventually won and made a mock trial to kill the Inca. Reportedly, Pizarro couldn't contain ManlyTears given that he and Atahualpa had struck an unlikely friendship during his imprisonment.
Atahualpa was to be killed in the pyre for the crimes of idolatry, polygamy, incest and the execution of his brother Huascar, the latter point being one of dubious certainty given that he indeed died but is not known if it was by the direct command of Atahualpa, and the formers being extrajudicial accusations given that he was not part of the Spanish Empire and he couldn't be judged by under its law (given however that this was not a veridic trial and more of an excuse to have him killed it mattered little). Atahualpa made one last request and asked to be baptised so he would die by the garrote vil instead, a tool of extrangulation; baptised as Francisco, he was executed the 26th of July of 1533.
Pizarro isn't thought to have desired for Atahualpa's subsequent trial and execution, and was even planning to have him shipped to Spain before the court of Charles I as an exiled monarch, however the urging of his men and his own nerves eventually won and made a mock trial to kill the Inca. Reportedly, Pizarro couldn't contain ManlyTears given that he and Atahualpa had struck an unlikely friendship during his imprisonment.
Atahualpa was to be killed in the pyre for the crimes of idolatry, polygamy, incest and the execution of his brother Huascar, the latter point being one of dubious certainty given that he indeed died but is not known if it was by the direct command of Atahualpa, and the formers being extrajudicial accusations given that he was not part of the Spanish Empire and he couldn't be judged by under its law (given however that this was not a veridic trial and more of an excuse to have him killed it mattered little). Atahualpa made one last request and asked to be baptised so he would die by the garrote vil instead, a tool of extrangulation; baptised as Francisco, he was executed the 26th of July of 1533.
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In captivity, Atahualpa hoped to play with the greed of the Spaniards at his favour and made an offer of a personal rescue of a pair of rooms filled with gold and silver each. As time passed, the Spaniards Pizarro's lieutenants grew evermore paranoid due to the fear of being overrun and slain by the Inca's armies, something that [[ProperlyParanoid seems to be a certainty certainty]] as Atahualpa had given orders to his generals to await his word before moving and there was an army nearby the place where he was being kept.
Pizarro isn't thought to have desired for Atahualpa's subsequent trial and execution, and was even planning to have him shipped to Spainbefore to the court of [[UsefulNotes/CharlesV Charles I I]] as an exiled monarch, however the urging of his men and his own nerves eventually won and made a mock trial to kill the Inca. Reportedly, Pizarro couldn't contain ManlyTears given that he and Atahualpa had struck an unlikely friendship during his imprisonment.
Atahualpa was to be killed in the pyre for the crimes of idolatry, polygamy, incest and the execution of his brother Huascar, the latter point being one of dubious certainty given that he indeed died but is not known if it was by the direct command of Atahualpa, and the formers being extrajudicial accusations given that he was not part of the Spanish Empire and he couldn't be judged by under its law (given however that this was not a veridic trial and more of an excuse to have him killed it mattered little). Atahualpa made one last request and asked to be baptised so he would die by the garrote vil instead, a tool ofextrangulation; strangling; baptised as Francisco, he was executed the 26th of July of 1533.
Pizarro isn't thought to have desired for Atahualpa's subsequent trial and execution, and was even planning to have him shipped to Spain
Atahualpa was to be killed in the pyre for the crimes of idolatry, polygamy, incest and the execution of his brother Huascar, the latter point being one of dubious certainty given that he indeed died but is not known if it was by the direct command of Atahualpa, and the formers being extrajudicial accusations given that he was not part of the Spanish Empire and he couldn't be judged by under its law (given however that this was not a veridic trial and more of an excuse to have him killed it mattered little). Atahualpa made one last request and asked to be baptised so he would die by the garrote vil instead, a tool of
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What followed was an open rebellion against the Spanish crowd led by Gonzalo Pizarro (Francisco Pizarro's brother and successor) who managed to capture and execute the first viceroy, Blasco Nuñez Vela, but were eventually defeated by Vela's successor, Pedro de la Gasca which marked the end of the encomiendas and the beginning of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
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What followed was an open rebellion against the Spanish crowd led by Gonzalo Pizarro (Francisco Pizarro's brother and successor) and UsefulNotes/FranciscoDeCarvajal, who managed to capture and execute the first viceroy, Blasco Nuñez Vela, but were eventually defeated by Vela's successor, Pedro de la Gasca Gasca, which marked the end of the encomiendas and the beginning of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
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The Viceroyalty period is equated as the Middle Ages of the American territories in control of Spain due to the development of a feudal-like system of land owning and the revival of titles and jobs not used in the Peninsula for being outdated, there was also the interaction between the local nobles or leaders who found themselves competing or collaborating with the new government. It must be noted as well that the Spanish Kings didn't see themselves disturbing the continuity of the previous rulers and advocated to the concept of ''Translatio Imperii'' to justify their rule of the American Kingdoms.
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The Viceroyalty period is equated as the Middle Ages of the American territories in control of Spain due to the development of a feudal-like system of land owning and the revival of titles and jobs not used in the Peninsula for being outdated, there was also the interaction between the local nobles or leaders who found themselves competing or collaborating with the new government. It must be noted as well that the Spanish Kings kings didn't see themselves disturbing the continuity of the previous rulers and advocated to the concept of ''Translatio Imperii'' to justify their rule of the American Kingdoms.
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'''Precolumbine Period'''
The territory of Perú was home to many of the ancient cultures of América like the Norte Chico civilization, which built the most ancient city in the American Continent (About 5000 years old) most known as Caral, and various others. The Precolumbine history, so called to alude the time before the arrival of Europe, is studied in six stages, with three general divisions of time.
The territory of Perú was home to many of the ancient cultures of América like the Norte Chico civilization, which built the most ancient city in the American Continent (About 5000 years old) most known as Caral, and various others. The Precolumbine history, so called to alude the time before the arrival of Europe, is studied in six stages, with three general divisions of time.
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The territory of Perú was home to many of the ancient cultures of América like the Norte Chico civilization, which built the most ancient city in the American Continent (About 5000 years old) most known as Caral, and various others.
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* AndeanMusic: The Music/SimonAndGarfunkel song ''El Condor Paso'' is a Peruvian ballad.
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* AndeanMusic: The Music/SimonAndGarfunkel song ''El Condor Paso'' Cóndor Pasa'' is a Peruvian ballad.
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fixing format
[[quoteright:330:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/map_peru_2003_4425.gif]]
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[[quoteright:330:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/map_peru_2003_4425.gif]]
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!! Tropes common in Peruvian media:
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!! Tropes common in Peruvian media:PeruvianMedia:
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'''Peru''' (''Perú'' in Spanish and ''Piruw'' in Quechua and Aymara), or '''Republic of Peru''' (''República del Perú'' in Spanish, ''Piruw Ripuwlika'' in Quechua and ''Piruw Suyu'' in Aymara) is a country in western South America, it's the third largest country in South America (after UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}} and UsefulNotes/{{Argentina}}), also, it's among the countries with most variety in natural regions and subclimates in the world. How many you ask? There are somewhere over 100 subclimates subdivided in three natural regions: the coast, formed mainly by deserts and small valleys, the Andes mountains, and the jungle (the Amazon rainforest). Its population surpasses 29 million, with its capitol and largest city, Lima, encompassing 9 million inhabitants, diversified between the indigenous populations and the mestizos, with a small percentage of Black people, Asians, and Europeans. In particular, it contains the largest ethnically Japanese population in all of South America. Religiously, however, it is mostly Christian Catholic with a growing number of Evangelical congregations.
to:
'''Peru''' (''Perú'' in Spanish and ''Piruw'' in Quechua and Aymara), or '''Republic of Peru''' (''República del Perú'' in Spanish, ''Piruw Ripuwlika'' in Quechua and ''Piruw Suyu'' in Aymara) is a country in western South America, it's the third largest country in South America (after UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}} and UsefulNotes/{{Argentina}}), also, it's among the countries with most variety in natural regions and subclimates in the world. How many you ask? There are somewhere over 100 subclimates subdivided in three natural regions: the coast, formed mainly by deserts and small valleys, the Andes mountains, and the jungle (the Amazon rainforest). Its population surpasses 29 million, with its capitol and largest city, Lima, encompassing 9 million inhabitants, diversified between the indigenous populations and the mestizos, with a small percentage of Black people, Asians, and Europeans. In particular, it contains the largest second-largest ethnically Japanese population in all of South America.America, beaten out only by Brazil. Religiously, however, it is mostly Christian Catholic with a growing number of Evangelical congregations.
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* AndeanMusic: The Music/SimonAndGarfunkel song ''El Condor Paso'' is a Peruvian ballad.
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* José María Arguedas. The biggest promoter of the Indigenist Movement that brought focus to the native cultures of the country, as well as the blatant discrimination against people of color.
* José María Eguren. The sole {{Symbolis|m}}t Peruvian poet who developed the same iconic features of the aforementioned movement on his own. He wasn't aware people in Europe were using things like musicality or the free verse as well.
* José María Eguren. The sole {{Symbolis|m}}t Peruvian poet who developed the same iconic features of the aforementioned movement on his own. He wasn't aware people in Europe were using things like musicality or the free verse as well.
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* CyclicNationalFascination: The telenovela industry during TheNewTens made unreported employment and low-paying jobs the subject of most of its productions. Predictably, it often was a rather romanticized view on the matter -- not accurately portraying the country's poverty, initially over-relying on provinciano stereotypes, and usually revolving around some sort of by-proxy RagsToRiches plot (meaning, the LoveInterest tends to be wealthy). It all can be traced back to ''Series/{{Yo no me llamo Natacha'' and ''Series/MiAmorElWachiman''. Respectively, the tale of a GuileHero domestic worker who travels to Lima, the capital, to work for well-off families; and the love story between a pituca (rich, sheltered girl) and a poor security guard. There have been made telenovelas about carretilleras (ambulant, food vendors), informal clothing makers, landladies of low-income zones, and Cumbia singers. It was such a popular trend that one of the latest productions is a {{Deconstruction}} spawned by a [[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapa_tu_combi tragedy]] that made all of the previous idealistic takes much HarsherInHindsight.
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* CyclicNationalFascination: The telenovela industry during TheNewTens made unreported employment and low-paying jobs the subject of most of its productions. Predictably, it often was a rather romanticized view on the matter -- not accurately portraying the country's poverty, initially over-relying on provinciano stereotypes, and usually revolving around some sort of by-proxy RagsToRiches plot (meaning, the LoveInterest tends to be wealthy). It all can be traced back to ''Series/{{Yo no me llamo Natacha'' Natacha}}'' and ''Series/MiAmorElWachiman''. Respectively, the tale of a GuileHero domestic worker who travels to Lima, the capital, to work for well-off families; and the love story between a pituca (rich, sheltered girl) and a poor security guard. There have been made telenovelas about carretilleras (ambulant, food vendors), informal clothing makers, landladies of low-income zones, and Cumbia singers. It was such a popular trend that one of the latest productions is a {{Deconstruction}} spawned by a [[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapa_tu_combi tragedy]] that made all of the previous idealistic takes much HarsherInHindsight.
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Changed line(s) 230 (click to see context) from:
* CyclicNationalFascination: The telenovela industry during TheNewTens made unreported employment and low-paying jobs the subject of most of its productions. Predictably, it often was a rather romanticized view on the matter -- not accurately portraying the country's poverty, initially over-relying on provinciano stereotypes, and usually revolving around some sort of by-proxy RagsToRiches plot (meaning, the LoveInterest tends to be wealthy). It all can be traced back to ''Series/YoNoMeLlamoNatacha'' and ''Series/MiAmorElWachiman''. Respectively, the tale of a GuileHero domestic worker who travels to Lima, the capital, to work for well-off families; and the love story between a pituca (rich, sheltered girl) and a poor security guard. There have been made telenovelas about carretilleras (ambulant, food vendors), informal clothing makers, landladies of low-income zones, and Cumbia singers. It was such a popular trend that one of the latest productions is a {{Deconstruction}} spawned by a [[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapa_tu_combi tragedy]] that made all of the previous idealistic takes much HarsherInHindsight.
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* CyclicNationalFascination: The telenovela industry during TheNewTens made unreported employment and low-paying jobs the subject of most of its productions. Predictably, it often was a rather romanticized view on the matter -- not accurately portraying the country's poverty, initially over-relying on provinciano stereotypes, and usually revolving around some sort of by-proxy RagsToRiches plot (meaning, the LoveInterest tends to be wealthy). It all can be traced back to ''Series/YoNoMeLlamoNatacha'' ''Series/{{Yo no me llamo Natacha'' and ''Series/MiAmorElWachiman''. Respectively, the tale of a GuileHero domestic worker who travels to Lima, the capital, to work for well-off families; and the love story between a pituca (rich, sheltered girl) and a poor security guard. There have been made telenovelas about carretilleras (ambulant, food vendors), informal clothing makers, landladies of low-income zones, and Cumbia singers. It was such a popular trend that one of the latest productions is a {{Deconstruction}} spawned by a [[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapa_tu_combi tragedy]] that made all of the previous idealistic takes much HarsherInHindsight.
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* Joel Guerra, creator of ''WebAnimation/{{HANDS UP|JoelG}}'' and ''WebAnimation/{{ENA}}''.
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----
!! Tropes common in Peruvian media:
* CyclicNationalFascination: The telenovela industry during TheNewTens made unreported employment and low-paying jobs the subject of most of its productions. Predictably, it often was a rather romanticized view on the matter -- not accurately portraying the country's poverty, initially over-relying on provinciano stereotypes, and usually revolving around some sort of by-proxy RagsToRiches plot (meaning, the LoveInterest tends to be wealthy). It all can be traced back to ''Series/YoNoMeLlamoNatacha'' and ''Series/MiAmorElWachiman''. Respectively, the tale of a GuileHero domestic worker who travels to Lima, the capital, to work for well-off families; and the love story between a pituca (rich, sheltered girl) and a poor security guard. There have been made telenovelas about carretilleras (ambulant, food vendors), informal clothing makers, landladies of low-income zones, and Cumbia singers. It was such a popular trend that one of the latest productions is a {{Deconstruction}} spawned by a [[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapa_tu_combi tragedy]] that made all of the previous idealistic takes much HarsherInHindsight.
!! Tropes common in Peruvian media:
* CyclicNationalFascination: The telenovela industry during TheNewTens made unreported employment and low-paying jobs the subject of most of its productions. Predictably, it often was a rather romanticized view on the matter -- not accurately portraying the country's poverty, initially over-relying on provinciano stereotypes, and usually revolving around some sort of by-proxy RagsToRiches plot (meaning, the LoveInterest tends to be wealthy). It all can be traced back to ''Series/YoNoMeLlamoNatacha'' and ''Series/MiAmorElWachiman''. Respectively, the tale of a GuileHero domestic worker who travels to Lima, the capital, to work for well-off families; and the love story between a pituca (rich, sheltered girl) and a poor security guard. There have been made telenovelas about carretilleras (ambulant, food vendors), informal clothing makers, landladies of low-income zones, and Cumbia singers. It was such a popular trend that one of the latest productions is a {{Deconstruction}} spawned by a [[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapa_tu_combi tragedy]] that made all of the previous idealistic takes much HarsherInHindsight.
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'''Peru''' (''Perú'' in Spanish and ''Piruw'' in Quechua and Aymara), or '''Republic of Peru''' (''República del Perú'' in Spanish, ''Piruw Ripuwlika'' in Quechua and ''Piruw Suyu'' in Aymara) is a country in western South America, it's the third largest country in South America (after UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}} and UsefulNotes/{{Argentina}}), also, it's among the countries with most variety in natural regions and subclimates in the world. How many you ask? There are somewhere over 100 subclimates subdivided in three natural regions: the coast, formed mainly by deserts and small valleys, the Andes mountains, and the jungle (the Amazon rainforest). Its population surpasses 29 million, with its capitol and largest city, Lima, encompassing 9 million inhabitants, diversified between the indigenous populations and the mestizos, with a small percentage of Blacks, Asians and Europeans. Religiously however, it is mostly Christian Catholic with a growing number of Evangelical congregations.
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'''Peru''' (''Perú'' in Spanish and ''Piruw'' in Quechua and Aymara), or '''Republic of Peru''' (''República del Perú'' in Spanish, ''Piruw Ripuwlika'' in Quechua and ''Piruw Suyu'' in Aymara) is a country in western South America, it's the third largest country in South America (after UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}} and UsefulNotes/{{Argentina}}), also, it's among the countries with most variety in natural regions and subclimates in the world. How many you ask? There are somewhere over 100 subclimates subdivided in three natural regions: the coast, formed mainly by deserts and small valleys, the Andes mountains, and the jungle (the Amazon rainforest). Its population surpasses 29 million, with its capitol and largest city, Lima, encompassing 9 million inhabitants, diversified between the indigenous populations and the mestizos, with a small percentage of Blacks, Asians Black people, Asians, and Europeans. Religiously In particular, it contains the largest ethnically Japanese population in all of South America. Religiously, however, it is mostly Christian Catholic with a growing number of Evangelical congregations.
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In 1975, the general was deposed and the regime under Morales Bermudez started to become a democracy again, all the while appeasing the US with whom Velasco had broken ties with after the coup. Following a period of instability in the 80s and early 90 characterized by a general inflation and the surgent of guerrillas in the countryside, the country finally gained a political stability in the 2000s. From here, it had its usual problems of crime, corruption and drug trafficking, coupled with a sustaining economic growth.
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In 1975, the general was deposed and the regime under Morales Bermudez started to become a democracy again, all the while appeasing the US with whom Velasco had broken ties with after the coup. Following a period of instability in the 80s and early 90 90s characterized by a general inflation and inflation, the surgent of guerrillas in the countryside, and the ten-year dictatorship of Alberto Fujimori, the country finally gained a political stability in the 2000s. From here, it had its usual problems of crime, corruption and drug trafficking, coupled with a sustaining economic growth.
growth.
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* Alberto Fujimori, the nation's first Japanese president and also its most authoritarian, with historians describing him as a dictator. His daughter, Keiko, is the frontwoman of the nation's conservative movement.
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Removing a sinkhole reference. (I haven't officially started a wick check on the trope, but it's coming soon.)
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[[ShortRunInPeru Oh, and shows air early there for some reason.]]
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It's in this frame of time that Francisco Pizarro and his ''conquistadores'' entered the territories of the Empire and made their way to Tumbes. Atahualpa, having heard of the bearded men before and knowing of their mortality (therefore, ruling out the possiblity of them being gods) arranged to meet them in Cajamarca, bringing with himself a thousand strong men as guards with other thousands in reserve for an eventual ambush.
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It's in this frame of time that Francisco Pizarro UsefulNotes/FranciscoPizarro and his ''conquistadores'' entered the territories of the Empire and made their way to Tumbes. Atahualpa, having heard of the bearded men before and knowing of their mortality (therefore, ruling out the possiblity of them being gods) arranged to meet them in Cajamarca, bringing with himself a thousand strong men as guards with other thousands in reserve for an eventual ambush.
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Peru is well known for its AndeanMusic, the folk music of indigenous communities in the Andes Mountains.
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Eventually, Pizarro and Atahualpa met in Cajamarca, the Spaniards frightened by the army before them (them being a few men) were rallied by Pizarro to go on until they were surrounded, it is now thought that the Spanish themselves managed to gather some followers amongst the natives in a similar fashion as it was done in Mexico and had them waiting in case the Spanish forces were attacked; at the moment of the meeting, Pizarro used a translator to tell Atahualpa that he was to abandon his idolatric ways, submit to God and become a subject of the King of Spain. What followed is still debated by historians, however it's agreed that Atahualpa intended to kill or capture the Spaniards and take whatever they had with him, and when he was given the Bible, Atahualpa looked at it and later tossed it away, making his intentions to the Spaniards explicit and taking the initiative.
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Eventually, Pizarro and Atahualpa met in Cajamarca, the Spaniards frightened by the army before them (them being a few around 150 men) were rallied by Pizarro to go on until they were surrounded, it is now thought that the Spanish themselves managed to gather some followers amongst the natives in a similar fashion as it was done in Mexico and had them waiting in case the Spanish forces were attacked; at the moment of the meeting, Pizarro used a translator to tell Atahualpa that he was to abandon his idolatric ways, submit to God and become a subject of the King of Spain. What followed is still debated by historians, however it's agreed that Atahualpa intended to kill or capture the Spaniards and take whatever they had with him, and when he was given the Bible, Atahualpa looked at it and later tossed it away, making his intentions to the Spaniards explicit and taking the initiative.
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Pizarro isn't thought to have desired for Atahualpa's subsequent trial and execution, and was even planning to have him shipped to Spain before the court of Charles I as an exiled monarch, however the urging of his men and his own nerves eventually won and made a mock trial to kill the Inca.
Atahualpa was to be killed in the pyre for the crimes of idolatry, polygamy, incest and the execution of his brother Huascar, the latter point being one of dubious certainty given that he indeed died but is not known if it was by the direct command of Atahualpa and the formers being extrajudicial accusations given that he was not part of the Spanish Empire and he couldn't be judged by under its law, given however that this was not a veridic trial and more of an excuse to have him killed it mattered little. Atahualpa made one last request and asked to be baptised so he would die by the garrote vil instead, a tool of extrangulation; baptised as Francisco, he was executed the 26th of July of 1533.
Atahualpa was to be killed in the pyre for the crimes of idolatry, polygamy, incest and the execution of his brother Huascar, the latter point being one of dubious certainty given that he indeed died but is not known if it was by the direct command of Atahualpa and the formers being extrajudicial accusations given that he was not part of the Spanish Empire and he couldn't be judged by under its law, given however that this was not a veridic trial and more of an excuse to have him killed it mattered little. Atahualpa made one last request and asked to be baptised so he would die by the garrote vil instead, a tool of extrangulation; baptised as Francisco, he was executed the 26th of July of 1533.
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Pizarro isn't thought to have desired for Atahualpa's subsequent trial and execution, and was even planning to have him shipped to Spain before the court of Charles I as an exiled monarch, however the urging of his men and his own nerves eventually won and made a mock trial to kill the Inca. \n\n Reportedly, Pizarro couldn't contain ManlyTears given that he and Atahualpa had struck an unlikely friendship during his imprisonment.
Atahualpa was to be killed in the pyre for the crimes of idolatry, polygamy, incest and the execution of his brother Huascar, the latter point being one of dubious certainty given that he indeed died but is not known if it was by the direct command ofAtahualpa Atahualpa, and the formers being extrajudicial accusations given that he was not part of the Spanish Empire and he couldn't be judged by under its law, given law (given however that this was not a veridic trial and more of an excuse to have him killed it mattered little.little). Atahualpa made one last request and asked to be baptised so he would die by the garrote vil instead, a tool of extrangulation; baptised as Francisco, he was executed the 26th of July of 1533.
Atahualpa was to be killed in the pyre for the crimes of idolatry, polygamy, incest and the execution of his brother Huascar, the latter point being one of dubious certainty given that he indeed died but is not known if it was by the direct command of
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The Viceroyalty period is equated as the Middle Ages of the American territories in control of Spain due to the development of a feudal-like system of land owning and the revival of titles and jobs not used in the Peninsula for being outdated, there was also the interaction between the local nobles or leaders who found themselves competing or collaborating with the new government. It must be noted as well that the Spanish Kings didn't saw themselves disturbing the continuity of the previous rulers and advocated to the concept of ''Translatio Imperii'' to justify their rule of the American Kingdoms.
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The Viceroyalty period is equated as the Middle Ages of the American territories in control of Spain due to the development of a feudal-like system of land owning and the revival of titles and jobs not used in the Peninsula for being outdated, there was also the interaction between the local nobles or leaders who found themselves competing or collaborating with the new government. It must be noted as well that the Spanish Kings didn't saw see themselves disturbing the continuity of the previous rulers and advocated to the concept of ''Translatio Imperii'' to justify their rule of the American Kingdoms.
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* Creator/NicomedesSantaCruz, notable decimist from the 20th century.
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** Prime Minister: Guido Bellido
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** Prime Minister: Guido BellidoAníbal Torres
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* '''Highest point:''' Huascarán (6768 m/22,205 ft) (34th)
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* '''Highest point:''' Huascarán (6768 m/22,205 ft) (34th)(11th)
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'''Peru''', or '''Republic of Peru''' (''República del Perú'' in Spanish) is a country in western South America, it's the third largest country in South America (after UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}} and UsefulNotes/{{Argentina}}), also, it's among the countries with most variety in natural regions and subclimates in the world. How many you ask? There are somewhere over 100 subclimates subdivided in three natural regions: the coast, formed mainly by deserts and small valleys, the Andes mountains, and the jungle (the Amazon rainforest). Its population surpasses 29 million, with its capitol and largest city, Lima, encompassing 9 million inhabitants, diversified between the indigenous populations and the mestizos, with a small percentage of Blacks, Asians and Europeans. Religiously however, it is mostly Christian Catholic with a growing number of Evangelical congregations.
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