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The wars' most immediate consequence was that of propping Spain as the dominant nation of Europe, first under the banner of UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs and then under that of the [[UsefulNotes/TheSoundOfMartialMusic House of Habsburg]], at the complete expense of France and their regional allies. It also marked the point in which medieval warfare died off by the growing influence of firearms and artillery.
The conflicts also had the effect of increasing the exportations of discoveries and artistic styles of UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance outside of the Italian peninsula, in France with [[UsefulNotes/LetatCestMoi King Francis I]] most famously, who invited Creator/LeonardoDaVinci to reside in the country.
The conflicts also had the effect of increasing the exportations of discoveries and artistic styles of UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance outside of the Italian peninsula, in France with [[UsefulNotes/LetatCestMoi King Francis I]] most famously, who invited Creator/LeonardoDaVinci to reside in the country.
to:
The wars' most immediate main consequence was that of propping Spain emerging as the dominant nation premier kingdom of Europe, Europe at the time, first under the banner of UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs and then under that of the [[UsefulNotes/TheSoundOfMartialMusic House of Habsburg]], at the complete expense of France and their regional local allies. It Its crown successively assimilated Naples, Milan and small parts in the Tuscan coast, most of which remained with Spain either as official territories or under the same royal house until the end of the Spanish Empire.
The conflicts also marked the point in which medieval warfare died off by the growing influence of firearms andartillery.
The conflictsartillery. They also had the effect of increasing the exportations of discoveries and artistic styles of UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance outside of the Italian peninsula, in France with [[UsefulNotes/LetatCestMoi King Francis I]] most famously, who invited Creator/LeonardoDaVinci to reside in the country.
The conflicts also marked the point in which medieval warfare died off by the growing influence of firearms and
The conflicts
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* '''Italian War''' of 1536–1538 (from this point, the Italian Wars have no name). When Charles' son [[UsefulNotes/PhilipII Philip]] inherited the Duchy of Milan after the death of previous ruler Francesco Sforza, Francis declared war and attacked with the help of Suleyman. Although the war was bitter and bloody, it was also uneventful. The subsequent peace, in which Charles and Francis refused to sit in the same room and forced Pope Paul III to go from one to another, did allow France to reap the city of Turin.
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles had attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who had Henry with him. Battling raged everywhere, with the French achieving a victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through and were beaten back in Serravalle. In turn, the Imperials and the English invaded France, threatening Paris. Eventually, both Francis and Charles saw themselves weary and signed a peace treaty, with the French king breaking his alliance with the Ottomans, although Henry continued waging war on France and it took a mighty effort to sign total peace (even so, Francis later teased helping a German rebellion against Charles).
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the Imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/TheDukeOfAlba Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the Italian Wars.
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles had attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who had Henry with him. Battling raged everywhere, with the French achieving a victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through and were beaten back in Serravalle. In turn, the Imperials and the English invaded France, threatening Paris. Eventually, both Francis and Charles saw themselves weary and signed a peace treaty, with the French king breaking his alliance with the Ottomans, although Henry continued waging war on France and it took a mighty effort to sign total peace (even so, Francis later teased helping a German rebellion against Charles).
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the Imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/TheDukeOfAlba Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the Italian Wars.
to:
* '''Italian War''' of 1536–1538 (from this point, the Italian Wars have no name). When Charles' son [[UsefulNotes/PhilipII Philip]] inherited the Duchy of Milan after the death of previous ruler Francesco Sforza, Francis disagreed and declared war and attacked with the help of Suleyman. Although the war was bitter and bloody, it was also uneventful.uneventful, with Spain retaining control of Milan. The subsequent peace, in which Charles and Francis refused to sit in the same room and forced Pope Paul III to go from one to another, did allow France to reap the city of Turin.
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles had attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who had Henry with him. Battling raged everywhere, with the French achieving a victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through and were beaten back in Serravalle. In turn, the Imperials and the English invadedFrance, threatening France and threatened Paris. Eventually, both Francis and Charles saw themselves weary and signed a peace treaty, with the French king breaking his alliance with the Ottomans, although Henry continued waging war on France and it took a mighty effort to sign total peace (even so, Francis later teased helping a German rebellion against Charles).
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the Imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/TheDukeOfAlba Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the ItalianWars.
Wars (amped up by Henry dying in a jousting accident mere days after).
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles had attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who had Henry with him. Battling raged everywhere, with the French achieving a victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through and were beaten back in Serravalle. In turn, the Imperials and the English invaded
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the Imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/TheDukeOfAlba Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the Italian
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These conflicts also had the effect of increasing the exportations of discoveries and artistic styles of UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance outside of the Italian peninsula, in France with [[UsefulNotes/LetatCestMoi King Francis I]] most famously, who invited Creator/LeonardoDaVinci to reside in the country.
to:
The conflicts also had the effect of increasing the exportations of discoveries and artistic styles of UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance outside of the Italian peninsula, in France with [[UsefulNotes/LetatCestMoi King Francis I]] most famously, who invited Creator/LeonardoDaVinci to reside in the country.
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* '''First Italian War''' (1494-1495): It started with the death of King Ferdinand I of Naples, who had been excommunicated by Pope Innocent VIII due to money issues, causing a SuccessionCrisis where both his heir and King Charles VIII of France tried to get the throne. The French army swept Italy over with the pretext of wanting to turn Naples into the headquarters of a new Crusade against the Ottomans, but the invasion and its brutal treatment of the population caused the formation of an alliance of anti-French countries, the League of Venice. Charles fled back to France, and although his army seemed well entrenched, it was eventually defeated by the League, who was helped by Spanish wunderchild UsefulNotes/GonzaloFernandezDeCordoba.
* '''Second Italian War''' (1499-1501): Charles VII died before he could return, so his son Louis XII inherited the mantle. Louis' first measure was turning on the Duchy of Milan, whose untrustworthy politics had originally convinced Charles to invade Naples, and taking over with the help of Venice and UsefulNotes/PopeAlexanderVI. Afterwards, Spain and the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, two members of the old League of Venice, looked like they might take action against France, so Louis signed a truce with them.
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504): Still in the truce, Louis XII and King [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand of Spain]] took over Naples together, but they started arguing about the booty and eventually turned on each other. The more numerous French initially pushed the Spanish towards the south, but reinforcements from Spain and its allies turned the tide, and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually smashed the French into capitulation after victories in Cerignola and the Garigliano river. Spain fully assimilated Naples and Sicily as viceroyalties, partially thanks to Ferdinand's blood ties to its monarchy.
* '''Second Italian War''' (1499-1501): Charles VII died before he could return, so his son Louis XII inherited the mantle. Louis' first measure was turning on the Duchy of Milan, whose untrustworthy politics had originally convinced Charles to invade Naples, and taking over with the help of Venice and UsefulNotes/PopeAlexanderVI. Afterwards, Spain and the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, two members of the old League of Venice, looked like they might take action against France, so Louis signed a truce with them.
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504): Still in the truce, Louis XII and King [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand of Spain]] took over Naples together, but they started arguing about the booty and eventually turned on each other. The more numerous French initially pushed the Spanish towards the south, but reinforcements from Spain and its allies turned the tide, and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually smashed the French into capitulation after victories in Cerignola and the Garigliano river. Spain fully assimilated Naples and Sicily as viceroyalties, partially thanks to Ferdinand's blood ties to its monarchy.
to:
* '''First Italian War''' (1494-1495): It started with the death of King Ferdinand I of Naples, who had been excommunicated by Pope Innocent VIII due to money issues, causing a SuccessionCrisis where both his heir and King Charles VIII of France tried to get snatch the throne. throne with Papal support. The French army swept Italy over with the pretext of wanting to turn Naples into the headquarters of a new Crusade against the Ottomans, but the invasion and its brutal treatment of the population turned UsefulNotes/PopeAlexanderVI against him and caused the formation of an alliance of anti-French countries, the League of Venice. Charles fled back to France, and although his army seemed well entrenched, it was eventually defeated by the League, who was helped by Spanish wunderchild UsefulNotes/GonzaloFernandezDeCordoba.
* '''Second Italian War''' (1499-1501): Charles VII died before he could return, so his son Louis XII inherited the mantle. Louis' first measure wasturning on attacking the Duchy of Milan, whose untrustworthy politics scheming prince Ludovico Sforza had originally convinced Charles to invade Naples, Naples only to turn against him and taking over join the League of Venice. Again with the help of Papal support, maneuvering into an alliance with Venice and UsefulNotes/PopeAlexanderVI. Afterwards, Spain peace with everybody else, Louis quickly took over Milan and captured Ludovico. Meanwhile, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, two Pope's son Cesare Borgia did some conquering for himself amongst all the ruckus. Two other members of the old League of Venice, League, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, looked like they might take action against France, France after all, so Louis signed a truce allances with them.
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504):Still in the truce, Louis XII and invited King [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand of Spain]] took to take over Naples together, knowing Ferdinand would have no qualms to do it even although King Ferdinand II of Naples was his own cousin. Louis was right, but they started arguing about the booty and King of Spain eventually turned on each other. him too due to discussions about the booty, which Creator/NiccoloMachiavelli considered a prime example of EvilIsNotAToy. The more numerous French initially pushed the Spanish towards the south, south of Naples, but reinforcements from Spain and its allies turned the tide, and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually ultimately smashed the French into capitulation after victories in Cerignola and the Garigliano river. As a consequence, Spain fully assimilated Naples and Sicily as viceroyalties, partially thanks to Ferdinand's blood ties to its monarchy.a viceroyalty.
* '''Second Italian War''' (1499-1501): Charles VII died before he could return, so his son Louis XII inherited the mantle. Louis' first measure was
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504):
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* '''War of the League of Cognac''' (1526-1530): Worried about Charles V' growing power, Pope Clement VII assembled the League of Cognac with more of less everybody else. Charles answered by capturing Rome, although things got out of hand and his army (which included many Protestant mercenaries) mutinied and ended up sacking the city. The League besieged Naples, but its main admiral, Genoese leader Andrea Doria, deserted to Charles, bringing down the entire campaign. After a defeat in Landriano, Francis sued for peace, which was signed by Louise and Charles' aunt Margaret, and things returned to the previous state.
to:
* '''War of the League of Cognac''' (1526-1530): Worried about Charles V' growing power, Pope Clement VII assembled the League of Cognac with more of less everybody else. Charles answered by capturing Rome, although things got out of hand hand, and his army (which included many Protestant mercenaries) mutinied and ended up sacking the city. The League besieged Naples, but its main admiral, Genoese leader Andrea Doria, deserted to Charles, bringing down the entire campaign. After a defeat in Landriano, Francis sued for peace, which was signed by Louise and Charles' aunt Margaret, UsefulNotes/MargaretOfAustria, and things returned to the previous state.
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* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles had attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who had Henry with him. Battles raged everywhere, with France achieving a bizarre if notable victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through and were beaten back in Serravalle. In turn, the Imperials and the English invaded France, threatening Paris. Eventually, both Francis and Charles saw themselves weary and signed a peace treaty, with the French king breaking his alliance with the Ottomans, although Henry continued waging war on France and it took a mighty effort to sign total peace (even so, later Francis promised to help a German rebellion against Charles, but failed to do so).
to:
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles had attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who had Henry with him. Battles Battling raged everywhere, with France the French achieving a bizarre if notable victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through and were beaten back in Serravalle. In turn, the Imperials and the English invaded France, threatening Paris. Eventually, both Francis and Charles saw themselves weary and signed a peace treaty, with the French king breaking his alliance with the Ottomans, although Henry continued waging war on France and it took a mighty effort to sign total peace (even so, later Francis promised to help later teased helping a German rebellion against Charles, but failed to do so).Charles).
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* '''First Italian War''' (1494-1495): It started with the death of King Ferdinand I of Naples, who had been excommunicated by Pope Innocent VIII due to money issues, causing a SuccessionCrisis where both his heir and King Charles VIII of France tried to get the throne. The French army swept Italy over with the pretext of wanting to turn Naples into the headquarters of a new Crusade against the Ottomans, but the invasion and its brutal treatment of the population caused the formation of an alliance of anti-French countries, the League of Venice. Charles fled back to France, and although his army seemed well entrenched, they were eventually defeated by the League under the strategies of Spanish wunderchild UsefulNotes/GonzaloFernandezDeCordoba.
to:
* '''First Italian War''' (1494-1495): It started with the death of King Ferdinand I of Naples, who had been excommunicated by Pope Innocent VIII due to money issues, causing a SuccessionCrisis where both his heir and King Charles VIII of France tried to get the throne. The French army swept Italy over with the pretext of wanting to turn Naples into the headquarters of a new Crusade against the Ottomans, but the invasion and its brutal treatment of the population caused the formation of an alliance of anti-French countries, the League of Venice. Charles fled back to France, and although his army seemed well entrenched, they were it was eventually defeated by the League under the strategies of League, who was helped by Spanish wunderchild UsefulNotes/GonzaloFernandezDeCordoba.
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* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504): Still in the truce, Louis XII and King [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand of Spain]] took over Naples together, but they started arguing about the booty and eventually turned on each other. The more numerous French initially pushed the Spanish towards the south, but reinforcements from Spain and its allies turned the tide, and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually smashed the French into capitulation after victories in Cerignola and the Garigliano river. Spain fully assimilated Naples and Sicily as viceroyalties thanks to Ferdinand's blood ties to its monarchy.
* '''War of the League of Cambrai''' (1508-1516): Worried about Venice's influence, new Pope Julius II assembled the eponymous League with France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, to complete success. Then, worried about France's influence, he assembled the Holy League with Venice, Spain, the Holy Romans and England. With Fernández de Córdoba retired, France had now the best general of the war, Gaston of Foix, who readily destroyed the Spanish army at Ravenna, but he was himself killed in the battle and took with him the entire French campaign. However, while the League members argued about the booty, France allied with Venice and, now under King Francis I, crushed and captured Milan.
* '''War of the League of Cambrai''' (1508-1516): Worried about Venice's influence, new Pope Julius II assembled the eponymous League with France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, to complete success. Then, worried about France's influence, he assembled the Holy League with Venice, Spain, the Holy Romans and England. With Fernández de Córdoba retired, France had now the best general of the war, Gaston of Foix, who readily destroyed the Spanish army at Ravenna, but he was himself killed in the battle and took with him the entire French campaign. However, while the League members argued about the booty, France allied with Venice and, now under King Francis I, crushed and captured Milan.
to:
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504): Still in the truce, Louis XII and King [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand of Spain]] took over Naples together, but they started arguing about the booty and eventually turned on each other. The more numerous French initially pushed the Spanish towards the south, but reinforcements from Spain and its allies turned the tide, and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually smashed the French into capitulation after victories in Cerignola and the Garigliano river. Spain fully assimilated Naples and Sicily as viceroyalties viceroyalties, partially thanks to Ferdinand's blood ties to its monarchy.
* '''War of the League of Cambrai''' (1508-1516): Worried about Venice's influence, newPope Julius II UsefulNotes/PopeJuliusII assembled the eponymous League with France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, to complete success. Then, worried about France's influence, he assembled the Holy League with Venice, Spain, the Holy Romans and England. With Fernández de Córdoba retired, forcefully retired by political infighting, France had now the best general of the war, Gaston of Foix, who readily destroyed the Spanish army at Ravenna, but he was himself killed in the battle and took with him the entire French campaign. However, while the League members argued about the booty, France allied with Venice and, now under King Francis I, crushed and captured Milan.
* '''War of the League of Cambrai''' (1508-1516): Worried about Venice's influence, new
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Changed line(s) 19,20 (click to see context) from:
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the Imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/FernandoAlvarezDeToledoYPimentel Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the Italian Wars.
to:
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the Imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/FernandoAlvarezDeToledoYPimentel [[UsefulNotes/TheDukeOfAlba Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the Italian Wars.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None
Changed line(s) 12,20 (click to see context) from:
* '''Second Italian War''' (1499-1501): Charles VII died before he could return, so his son Louis XII inherited the mantle. Louis' first measure was turning on the Duchy of Milan, whose untrustworthy politics had originally convinced Charles to invade Naples, and taking over with the help of Venice and UsefulNotes/PopeAlexanderVI. Spain and the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, two members of the old League of Venice, looked like they might take action against France, so Louis signed a truce with them.
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504): Still in the truce Louis XII and King [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand of Spain]] took over Naples together, they started arguing about the booty and eventually turned on each other. The more numerous French initially pushed the Spanish towards the south, but reinforcements from Spain and its regional allies turned the tide, and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually smashed the French into capitulation after victories in Cerignola and the Gargigliano river. Spain fully assimilated Naples and Sicily as a viceroyalty thanks to Ferdinand's blood ties to its monarchy.
* '''War of the League of Cambrai''' (1508-1516): Worried about Venice's influence, new Pope Julius II assembled the eponymous League with France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, to complete success. Then, worried about France's influence, he assembled the Holy League with Venice, Spain, the Holy Romans and England. With Fernández de Córdoba retired, France had now the best general of the war, Gaston of Foix, who readily destroyed the Spanish army at Ravenna, but he was himself killed in the battle and the French collapsed for good. While the League members argued about the booty, France allied with Venice and, now under King Francis I, crushed and captured Milan.
* '''Four Years' War''' (1521-1526): The death of Holy Roman Emperor UsefulNotes/MaximilianI vacated his throne, which Francis I, Charles I of Spain, and UsefulNotes/HenryVIII of England all wanted. Eventually Charles, the strongest candidate, became the new emperor UsefulNotes/CharlesV, which angered Francis to no end. Francis went to war against all the others, but a series of defeats in Bicocca, Genoa, the Sesia and other places, as well as inner desertions, caused a French meltdown. Francis invaded Italy as a last resource, but he was eventually destroyed and captured in Pavia. Charles forced Francis to sign an unfavourable treaty in exchange for his freedom, which of course Francis broke as soon as he could. Meanwhile, Francis' mother Louise of Savoy signed a shocking alliance with the Ottoman Empire led by UsefulNotes/SuleimanTheMagnificent.
* '''War of the League of Cognac''' (1526-1530): Worried about Charles V' growing power, Pope Clement VII assembled the League of Cognac with more of less everybody else. Charles answered by capturing Rome, although things got out of hand and his army (which included many Protestant mercenaries) ended up sacking the city. The League besieged Naples, but its main admiral, Genoese leader Andrea Doria, deserted to Charles, bringing down the entire campaign. Francis sued for peace, which was signed by Louise and Charles' aunt Margaret, and things returned to the previous state.
* '''Italian War''' of 1536–1538: from this point, wars have no name. When Charles' son [[UsefulNotes/PhilipII Philip]] inherited the Duchy of Milan after the death of previous ruler Francesco Sforza, Francis declared war and attacked with the help of Suleyman. Although the war was bitter and bloody, it was also uneventful. The subsequent peace, in which Charles and Francis refused to sit in the same room and forced Pope Paul III to go from one to another, did allow France to reap the city of Turin.
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who this time had Henry with him. Battles raged everywhere, with France achieving a bizarre if notable victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through. In turn, the imperials and the English invaded France, threatening Paris. Eventually, Francis and Charles were weary and signed a peace treaty, with the French king breaking his alliance with the Ottomans, although Henry continued waging war on France and it took a mighty effort to sign total peace. Even so, Francis promised to help a German rebellion against Charles, but failed.
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/FernandoAlvarezDeToledoYPimentel Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the Italian war.
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504): Still in the truce Louis XII and King [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand of Spain]] took over Naples together, they started arguing about the booty and eventually turned on each other. The more numerous French initially pushed the Spanish towards the south, but reinforcements from Spain and its regional allies turned the tide, and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually smashed the French into capitulation after victories in Cerignola and the Gargigliano river. Spain fully assimilated Naples and Sicily as a viceroyalty thanks to Ferdinand's blood ties to its monarchy.
* '''War of the League of Cambrai''' (1508-1516): Worried about Venice's influence, new Pope Julius II assembled the eponymous League with France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, to complete success. Then, worried about France's influence, he assembled the Holy League with Venice, Spain, the Holy Romans and England. With Fernández de Córdoba retired, France had now the best general of the war, Gaston of Foix, who readily destroyed the Spanish army at Ravenna, but he was himself killed in the battle and the French collapsed for good. While the League members argued about the booty, France allied with Venice and, now under King Francis I, crushed and captured Milan.
* '''Four Years' War''' (1521-1526): The death of Holy Roman Emperor UsefulNotes/MaximilianI vacated his throne, which Francis I, Charles I of Spain, and UsefulNotes/HenryVIII of England all wanted. Eventually Charles, the strongest candidate, became the new emperor UsefulNotes/CharlesV, which angered Francis to no end. Francis went to war against all the others, but a series of defeats in Bicocca, Genoa, the Sesia and other places, as well as inner desertions, caused a French meltdown. Francis invaded Italy as a last resource, but he was eventually destroyed and captured in Pavia. Charles forced Francis to sign an unfavourable treaty in exchange for his freedom, which of course Francis broke as soon as he could. Meanwhile, Francis' mother Louise of Savoy signed a shocking alliance with the Ottoman Empire led by UsefulNotes/SuleimanTheMagnificent.
* '''War of the League of Cognac''' (1526-1530): Worried about Charles V' growing power, Pope Clement VII assembled the League of Cognac with more of less everybody else. Charles answered by capturing Rome, although things got out of hand and his army (which included many Protestant mercenaries) ended up sacking the city. The League besieged Naples, but its main admiral, Genoese leader Andrea Doria, deserted to Charles, bringing down the entire campaign. Francis sued for peace, which was signed by Louise and Charles' aunt Margaret, and things returned to the previous state.
* '''Italian War''' of 1536–1538: from this point, wars have no name. When Charles' son [[UsefulNotes/PhilipII Philip]] inherited the Duchy of Milan after the death of previous ruler Francesco Sforza, Francis declared war and attacked with the help of Suleyman. Although the war was bitter and bloody, it was also uneventful. The subsequent peace, in which Charles and Francis refused to sit in the same room and forced Pope Paul III to go from one to another, did allow France to reap the city of Turin.
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who this time had Henry with him. Battles raged everywhere, with France achieving a bizarre if notable victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through. In turn, the imperials and the English invaded France, threatening Paris. Eventually, Francis and Charles were weary and signed a peace treaty, with the French king breaking his alliance with the Ottomans, although Henry continued waging war on France and it took a mighty effort to sign total peace. Even so, Francis promised to help a German rebellion against Charles, but failed.
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/FernandoAlvarezDeToledoYPimentel Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the Italian war.
to:
* '''Second Italian War''' (1499-1501): Charles VII died before he could return, so his son Louis XII inherited the mantle. Louis' first measure was turning on the Duchy of Milan, whose untrustworthy politics had originally convinced Charles to invade Naples, and taking over with the help of Venice and UsefulNotes/PopeAlexanderVI. Afterwards, Spain and the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, two members of the old League of Venice, looked like they might take action against France, so Louis signed a truce with them.
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504): Still in thetruce truce, Louis XII and King [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand of Spain]] took over Naples together, but they started arguing about the booty and eventually turned on each other. The more numerous French initially pushed the Spanish towards the south, but reinforcements from Spain and its regional allies turned the tide, and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually smashed the French into capitulation after victories in Cerignola and the Gargigliano Garigliano river. Spain fully assimilated Naples and Sicily as a viceroyalty viceroyalties thanks to Ferdinand's blood ties to its monarchy.
* '''War of the League of Cambrai''' (1508-1516): Worried about Venice's influence, new Pope Julius II assembled the eponymous League with France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, to complete success. Then, worried about France's influence, he assembled the Holy League with Venice, Spain, the Holy Romans and England. With Fernández de Córdoba retired, France had now the best general of the war, Gaston of Foix, who readily destroyed the Spanish army at Ravenna, but he was himself killed in the battle and took with him the entire Frenchcollapsed for good. While campaign. However, while the League members argued about the booty, France allied with Venice and, now under King Francis I, crushed and captured Milan.
* '''Four Years' War''' (1521-1526): The death of Holy Roman Emperor UsefulNotes/MaximilianI vacated his throne, which Francis I, Charles I of Spain, and UsefulNotes/HenryVIII of England all wanted. Eventually Charles, the strongest candidate, became the new emperor UsefulNotes/CharlesV, which angered Francis to no end. Francis went to war against all the others, but a series of defeats in Bicocca, Genoa, and theSesia and other places, Sesia, as well as inner desertions, caused a French meltdown. Francis invaded Italy as a last resource, but he was eventually destroyed and captured in Pavia. Charles forced Francis to sign an unfavourable treaty in exchange for his freedom, which of course Francis broke as soon as he could. Meanwhile, Francis' mother Louise of Savoy signed a shocking alliance with the Ottoman Empire led by UsefulNotes/SuleimanTheMagnificent.
* '''War of the League of Cognac''' (1526-1530): Worried about Charles V' growing power, Pope Clement VII assembled the League of Cognac with more of less everybody else. Charles answered by capturing Rome, although things got out of hand and his army (which included many Protestant mercenaries) mutinied and ended up sacking the city. The League besieged Naples, but its main admiral, Genoese leader Andrea Doria, deserted to Charles, bringing down the entire campaign. After a defeat in Landriano, Francis sued for peace, which was signed by Louise and Charles' aunt Margaret, and things returned to the previous state.
* '''Italian War''' of1536–1538: from 1536–1538 (from this point, wars the Italian Wars have no name.name). When Charles' son [[UsefulNotes/PhilipII Philip]] inherited the Duchy of Milan after the death of previous ruler Francesco Sforza, Francis declared war and attacked with the help of Suleyman. Although the war was bitter and bloody, it was also uneventful. The subsequent peace, in which Charles and Francis refused to sit in the same room and forced Pope Paul III to go from one to another, did allow France to reap the city of Turin.
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles had attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, whothis time had Henry with him. Battles raged everywhere, with France achieving a bizarre if notable victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through. through and were beaten back in Serravalle. In turn, the imperials Imperials and the English invaded France, threatening Paris. Eventually, both Francis and Charles were saw themselves weary and signed a peace treaty, with the French king breaking his alliance with the Ottomans, although Henry continued waging war on France and it took a mighty effort to sign total peace. Even peace (even so, later Francis promised to help a German rebellion against Charles, but failed.
failed to do so).
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, theimperials Imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/FernandoAlvarezDeToledoYPimentel Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the Italian war.
Wars.
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504): Still in the
* '''War of the League of Cambrai''' (1508-1516): Worried about Venice's influence, new Pope Julius II assembled the eponymous League with France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, to complete success. Then, worried about France's influence, he assembled the Holy League with Venice, Spain, the Holy Romans and England. With Fernández de Córdoba retired, France had now the best general of the war, Gaston of Foix, who readily destroyed the Spanish army at Ravenna, but he was himself killed in the battle and took with him the entire French
* '''Four Years' War''' (1521-1526): The death of Holy Roman Emperor UsefulNotes/MaximilianI vacated his throne, which Francis I, Charles I of Spain, and UsefulNotes/HenryVIII of England all wanted. Eventually Charles, the strongest candidate, became the new emperor UsefulNotes/CharlesV, which angered Francis to no end. Francis went to war against all the others, but a series of defeats in Bicocca, Genoa, and the
* '''War of the League of Cognac''' (1526-1530): Worried about Charles V' growing power, Pope Clement VII assembled the League of Cognac with more of less everybody else. Charles answered by capturing Rome, although things got out of hand and his army (which included many Protestant mercenaries) mutinied and ended up sacking the city. The League besieged Naples, but its main admiral, Genoese leader Andrea Doria, deserted to Charles, bringing down the entire campaign. After a defeat in Landriano, Francis sued for peace, which was signed by Louise and Charles' aunt Margaret, and things returned to the previous state.
* '''Italian War''' of
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles had attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the
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[[caption-width-right:300:King of France François I at the battle of Marignano, 13 September 1515.]]
to:
[[caption-width-right:300:King of France François Francis I at the battle of Marignano, 13 September 1515.]]
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These conflicts also had the effect of increasing the exportations of discoveries and artistic styles of UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance outside of the Italian peninsula, in France with [[UsefulNotes/LetatCestMoi King François I]] most famously, who invited Creator/LeonardoDaVinci to reside in the country.
to:
These conflicts also had the effect of increasing the exportations of discoveries and artistic styles of UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance outside of the Italian peninsula, in France with [[UsefulNotes/LetatCestMoi King François Francis I]] most famously, who invited Creator/LeonardoDaVinci to reside in the country.country.
Here's a review of them.
* '''First Italian War''' (1494-1495): It started with the death of King Ferdinand I of Naples, who had been excommunicated by Pope Innocent VIII due to money issues, causing a SuccessionCrisis where both his heir and King Charles VIII of France tried to get the throne. The French army swept Italy over with the pretext of wanting to turn Naples into the headquarters of a new Crusade against the Ottomans, but the invasion and its brutal treatment of the population caused the formation of an alliance of anti-French countries, the League of Venice. Charles fled back to France, and although his army seemed well entrenched, they were eventually defeated by the League under the strategies of Spanish wunderchild UsefulNotes/GonzaloFernandezDeCordoba.
* '''Second Italian War''' (1499-1501): Charles VII died before he could return, so his son Louis XII inherited the mantle. Louis' first measure was turning on the Duchy of Milan, whose untrustworthy politics had originally convinced Charles to invade Naples, and taking over with the help of Venice and UsefulNotes/PopeAlexanderVI. Spain and the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, two members of the old League of Venice, looked like they might take action against France, so Louis signed a truce with them.
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504): Still in the truce Louis XII and King [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand of Spain]] took over Naples together, they started arguing about the booty and eventually turned on each other. The more numerous French initially pushed the Spanish towards the south, but reinforcements from Spain and its regional allies turned the tide, and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually smashed the French into capitulation after victories in Cerignola and the Gargigliano river. Spain fully assimilated Naples and Sicily as a viceroyalty thanks to Ferdinand's blood ties to its monarchy.
* '''War of the League of Cambrai''' (1508-1516): Worried about Venice's influence, new Pope Julius II assembled the eponymous League with France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, to complete success. Then, worried about France's influence, he assembled the Holy League with Venice, Spain, the Holy Romans and England. With Fernández de Córdoba retired, France had now the best general of the war, Gaston of Foix, who readily destroyed the Spanish army at Ravenna, but he was himself killed in the battle and the French collapsed for good. While the League members argued about the booty, France allied with Venice and, now under King Francis I, crushed and captured Milan.
* '''Four Years' War''' (1521-1526): The death of Holy Roman Emperor UsefulNotes/MaximilianI vacated his throne, which Francis I, Charles I of Spain, and UsefulNotes/HenryVIII of England all wanted. Eventually Charles, the strongest candidate, became the new emperor UsefulNotes/CharlesV, which angered Francis to no end. Francis went to war against all the others, but a series of defeats in Bicocca, Genoa, the Sesia and other places, as well as inner desertions, caused a French meltdown. Francis invaded Italy as a last resource, but he was eventually destroyed and captured in Pavia. Charles forced Francis to sign an unfavourable treaty in exchange for his freedom, which of course Francis broke as soon as he could. Meanwhile, Francis' mother Louise of Savoy signed a shocking alliance with the Ottoman Empire led by UsefulNotes/SuleimanTheMagnificent.
* '''War of the League of Cognac''' (1526-1530): Worried about Charles V' growing power, Pope Clement VII assembled the League of Cognac with more of less everybody else. Charles answered by capturing Rome, although things got out of hand and his army (which included many Protestant mercenaries) ended up sacking the city. The League besieged Naples, but its main admiral, Genoese leader Andrea Doria, deserted to Charles, bringing down the entire campaign. Francis sued for peace, which was signed by Louise and Charles' aunt Margaret, and things returned to the previous state.
* '''Italian War''' of 1536–1538: from this point, wars have no name. When Charles' son [[UsefulNotes/PhilipII Philip]] inherited the Duchy of Milan after the death of previous ruler Francesco Sforza, Francis declared war and attacked with the help of Suleyman. Although the war was bitter and bloody, it was also uneventful. The subsequent peace, in which Charles and Francis refused to sit in the same room and forced Pope Paul III to go from one to another, did allow France to reap the city of Turin.
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who this time had Henry with him. Battles raged everywhere, with France achieving a bizarre if notable victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through. In turn, the imperials and the English invaded France, threatening Paris. Eventually, Francis and Charles were weary and signed a peace treaty, with the French king breaking his alliance with the Ottomans, although Henry continued waging war on France and it took a mighty effort to sign total peace. Even so, Francis promised to help a German rebellion against Charles, but failed.
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/FernandoAlvarezDeToledoYPimentel Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the Italian war.
Here's a review of them.
* '''First Italian War''' (1494-1495): It started with the death of King Ferdinand I of Naples, who had been excommunicated by Pope Innocent VIII due to money issues, causing a SuccessionCrisis where both his heir and King Charles VIII of France tried to get the throne. The French army swept Italy over with the pretext of wanting to turn Naples into the headquarters of a new Crusade against the Ottomans, but the invasion and its brutal treatment of the population caused the formation of an alliance of anti-French countries, the League of Venice. Charles fled back to France, and although his army seemed well entrenched, they were eventually defeated by the League under the strategies of Spanish wunderchild UsefulNotes/GonzaloFernandezDeCordoba.
* '''Second Italian War''' (1499-1501): Charles VII died before he could return, so his son Louis XII inherited the mantle. Louis' first measure was turning on the Duchy of Milan, whose untrustworthy politics had originally convinced Charles to invade Naples, and taking over with the help of Venice and UsefulNotes/PopeAlexanderVI. Spain and the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, two members of the old League of Venice, looked like they might take action against France, so Louis signed a truce with them.
* '''Third Italian War''' or '''Naples War''' (1501-1504): Still in the truce Louis XII and King [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand of Spain]] took over Naples together, they started arguing about the booty and eventually turned on each other. The more numerous French initially pushed the Spanish towards the south, but reinforcements from Spain and its regional allies turned the tide, and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually smashed the French into capitulation after victories in Cerignola and the Gargigliano river. Spain fully assimilated Naples and Sicily as a viceroyalty thanks to Ferdinand's blood ties to its monarchy.
* '''War of the League of Cambrai''' (1508-1516): Worried about Venice's influence, new Pope Julius II assembled the eponymous League with France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, to complete success. Then, worried about France's influence, he assembled the Holy League with Venice, Spain, the Holy Romans and England. With Fernández de Córdoba retired, France had now the best general of the war, Gaston of Foix, who readily destroyed the Spanish army at Ravenna, but he was himself killed in the battle and the French collapsed for good. While the League members argued about the booty, France allied with Venice and, now under King Francis I, crushed and captured Milan.
* '''Four Years' War''' (1521-1526): The death of Holy Roman Emperor UsefulNotes/MaximilianI vacated his throne, which Francis I, Charles I of Spain, and UsefulNotes/HenryVIII of England all wanted. Eventually Charles, the strongest candidate, became the new emperor UsefulNotes/CharlesV, which angered Francis to no end. Francis went to war against all the others, but a series of defeats in Bicocca, Genoa, the Sesia and other places, as well as inner desertions, caused a French meltdown. Francis invaded Italy as a last resource, but he was eventually destroyed and captured in Pavia. Charles forced Francis to sign an unfavourable treaty in exchange for his freedom, which of course Francis broke as soon as he could. Meanwhile, Francis' mother Louise of Savoy signed a shocking alliance with the Ottoman Empire led by UsefulNotes/SuleimanTheMagnificent.
* '''War of the League of Cognac''' (1526-1530): Worried about Charles V' growing power, Pope Clement VII assembled the League of Cognac with more of less everybody else. Charles answered by capturing Rome, although things got out of hand and his army (which included many Protestant mercenaries) ended up sacking the city. The League besieged Naples, but its main admiral, Genoese leader Andrea Doria, deserted to Charles, bringing down the entire campaign. Francis sued for peace, which was signed by Louise and Charles' aunt Margaret, and things returned to the previous state.
* '''Italian War''' of 1536–1538: from this point, wars have no name. When Charles' son [[UsefulNotes/PhilipII Philip]] inherited the Duchy of Milan after the death of previous ruler Francesco Sforza, Francis declared war and attacked with the help of Suleyman. Although the war was bitter and bloody, it was also uneventful. The subsequent peace, in which Charles and Francis refused to sit in the same room and forced Pope Paul III to go from one to another, did allow France to reap the city of Turin.
* '''Italian War''' of 1542-1546: Charles attempted to patch things up again by marrying off his daughter to Francis' son, but to no avail. Francis and Suleyman returned for another round against Charles, who this time had Henry with him. Battles raged everywhere, with France achieving a bizarre if notable victory in Ceresole, but they could not follow through. In turn, the imperials and the English invaded France, threatening Paris. Eventually, Francis and Charles were weary and signed a peace treaty, with the French king breaking his alliance with the Ottomans, although Henry continued waging war on France and it took a mighty effort to sign total peace. Even so, Francis promised to help a German rebellion against Charles, but failed.
* '''Italian War''' of 1551–1559: Francis was succeeded by his son Henry II, who promptly returned to war by impulse of his cousin Count Francis of Guise and with the support of Pope Paul IV. At that point, a German faction shockingly turned on Charles and almost got him captured in his castle in Innsbruck, and a terrible imperial failure to recapture Metz followed. After Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip, however, the imperials bounced back, with their famous [[UsefulNotes/FernandoAlvarezDeToledoYPimentel Duke of Alba]] arresting the Papal States while Philip's allies beat down the French in St. Quentin and Gravelines. Increasingly troubled, Henry eventually accepted a peace treaty restoring status quo and marrying off his daughter to Philip, which put an end to the Italian war.
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All fought over, as the name would suggest, the Italian peninsula. Originally fought over [[SuccessionCrisis dynastic conflicts]] in the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples, the wars quickly became an attempt for all sides involved to increase power and territory, and gave way to many alliances and betrayals. They ended for good with the peace treaties of Cateau-Cambrésis on April 3, 1559.
to:
All these wars were fought over, as the name would suggest, the Italian peninsula. Originally fought over [[SuccessionCrisis dynastic conflicts]] in the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples, the wars quickly became an attempt for all sides involved to increase power and territory, and gave way to many alliances and betrayals. They ended for good with the peace treaties of Cateau-Cambrésis on April 3, 1559.
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The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts, lasting from 1494 to 1559 (with a few peacetime gaps in between) that involved UsefulNotes/{{Ital|y}}ian [[UsefulNotes/TheCityStateEra city-states]], UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates, and most of the major Western UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}an states (including UsefulNotes/{{France}}, UsefulNotes/{{the kingdom of|Spain}} UsefulNotes/{{Spain}}, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, UsefulNotes/{{England}}, and UsefulNotes/{{Scotland}}), and even the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]].
to:
The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts, lasting from 1494 to 1559 (with a few peacetime gaps in between) that involved UsefulNotes/{{Ital|y}}ian [[UsefulNotes/TheCityStateEra city-states]], UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates, and most of the major Western UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}an states (including UsefulNotes/{{France}}, UsefulNotes/{{the kingdom of|Spain}} UsefulNotes/{{Spain}}, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, UsefulNotes/{{England}}, and UsefulNotes/{{Scotland}}), and even the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Ottoman]] [[UsefulNotes/TurksWithTroops Empire]].
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The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts, lasting from 1494 to 1559 (with a few peacetime gaps in between) that involved UsefulNotes/{{Ital|y}}ian [[UsefulNotes/TheCityStateEra city-states]], UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates, and most of the major Western UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}an states (including UsefulNotes/{{France}}, UsefulNotes/{{Spain}}, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, UsefulNotes/{{England}}, and UsefulNotes/{{Scotland}}), and even the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]].
to:
The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts, lasting from 1494 to 1559 (with a few peacetime gaps in between) that involved UsefulNotes/{{Ital|y}}ian [[UsefulNotes/TheCityStateEra city-states]], UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates, and most of the major Western UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}an states (including UsefulNotes/{{France}}, UsefulNotes/{{the kingdom of|Spain}} UsefulNotes/{{Spain}}, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, UsefulNotes/{{England}}, and UsefulNotes/{{Scotland}}), and even the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]].
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The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts, lasting from 1494 to 1559 (with a few peacetime gaps in between) that involved the UsefulNotes/{{Ital|y}}ian [[UsefulNotes/TheCityStateEra city-states]], UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates, and most of the major Western UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}an states (including UsefulNotes/{{France}}, UsefulNotes/{{Spain}}, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, UsefulNotes/{{England}}, and UsefulNotes/{{Scotland}}), and even the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]].
to:
The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts, lasting from 1494 to 1559 (with a few peacetime gaps in between) that involved the UsefulNotes/{{Ital|y}}ian [[UsefulNotes/TheCityStateEra city-states]], UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates, and most of the major Western UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}an states (including UsefulNotes/{{France}}, UsefulNotes/{{Spain}}, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, UsefulNotes/{{England}}, and UsefulNotes/{{Scotland}}), and even the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]].
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The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts, lasting from 1494 to 1559 (with a few peacetime gaps in between) that involved the UsefulNotes/{{Ital|y}}ian [[UsefulNotes/TheCityStateEra city-states]], UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates, and most of the major Western European states (including UsefulNotes/{{France}}, UsefulNotes/{{Spain}}, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, UsefulNotes/{{England}}, and UsefulNotes/{{Scotland}}), and even the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]].
to:
The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts, lasting from 1494 to 1559 (with a few peacetime gaps in between) that involved the UsefulNotes/{{Ital|y}}ian [[UsefulNotes/TheCityStateEra city-states]], UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates, and most of the major Western European UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}an states (including UsefulNotes/{{France}}, UsefulNotes/{{Spain}}, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, UsefulNotes/{{England}}, and UsefulNotes/{{Scotland}}), and even the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]].
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* ''Film/FleshAndBlood1985'' follows two warring groups of mercenaries and their longstanding quarrel in Italy in 1501.
to:
* ''Film/FleshAndBlood1985'' ''[[Film/FleshAndBlood1985 Flesh+Blood]]'' follows two warring groups of mercenaries and their longstanding quarrel in Italy in 1501.
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The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts, lasting from 1494 to 1559 (with a few peacetime gaps in between) that involved the UsefulNotes/{{Ital|y}}ian [[UsefulNotes/TheCityStateEra city-states]], UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates, and most of the major Western European states (including France, Spain, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, England, and Scotland), and even the Ottoman Empire.
to:
The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts, lasting from 1494 to 1559 (with a few peacetime gaps in between) that involved the UsefulNotes/{{Ital|y}}ian [[UsefulNotes/TheCityStateEra city-states]], UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates, and most of the major Western European states (including France, Spain, UsefulNotes/{{France}}, UsefulNotes/{{Spain}}, the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire, England, UsefulNotes/{{England}}, and Scotland), UsefulNotes/{{Scotland}}), and even the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire.
Empire]].
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* ''VideoGame/AssassinsCreedBrotherhood'' is set during the early Italian Wars (from 1499 to 1503), namely at the time of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_War_of_1499-1504 the War over Naples]] and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Borgia#Military Cesare Borgia's conquests in Emilia-Romagna and Marche]]. The antagonists of the game are Cesare Borgia's Papal forces and the French army sent to buttress him. Note, however, that [[ArtisticLicenseHistory multiple historical issues are present]]. For example, Cesare Borgia (UsefulNotes/PopeAlexanderVI's son) is portrayed as a mildly psychotic incestuous bastard, whereas actual history is slightly more sympathetic.
to:
* ''VideoGame/AssassinsCreedBrotherhood'' is set during the early Italian Wars (from 1499 to 1503), namely at the time of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_War_of_1499-1504 the War over Naples]] and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Borgia#Military Cesare Borgia's conquests conquests]] in Emilia-Romagna and Marche]].Marche. The antagonists of the game are Cesare Borgia's Papal forces and the French army sent to buttress him. Note, however, that [[ArtisticLicenseHistory multiple historical issues are present]]. For example, Cesare Borgia (UsefulNotes/PopeAlexanderVI's son) is portrayed as a mildly psychotic incestuous bastard, whereas actual history is slightly more sympathetic.
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Moved
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* ''Film/FleshAndBlood'' follows two warring groups of mercenaries and their longstanding quarrel in Italy in 1501.
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* ''Film/FleshAndBlood'' ''Film/FleshAndBlood1985'' follows two warring groups of mercenaries and their longstanding quarrel in Italy in 1501.
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These conflicts also had the effect of increasing the exportations of discoveries and artistic styles of UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance outside of the Italian peninsula, in France with [[UsefulNotes/LetatCestMoi King François I]] most famously.
to:
These conflicts also had the effect of increasing the exportations of discoveries and artistic styles of UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance outside of the Italian peninsula, in France with [[UsefulNotes/LetatCestMoi King François I]] most famously.famously, who invited Creator/LeonardoDaVinci to reside in the country.
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[[AC:Live-Action Television]]
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