History UnreliableNarrator / WesternAnimation

* ''WesternAnimation/RickAndMorty'': In the third season, after Rick's arrest by the [[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Galactic Federation]] one of their agents [[JourneyToTheCenterOfTheMind enters his mind]] to interrogate him. They then relive his origin story where an AlternateUniverse version of him murders his family, whereupon Rick reveals that the entire memory was fabricated and the code he stole from it was a virus. [[spoiler: Two seasons later it's revealed that this was a half-truth, and the memory he showed him was for the most part real with the entire Smith family being ReplacementGoldfish for the one he lost.]]

* ''WesternAnimation/AmericanDad'': Put an interesting spin on this in "The American Dad After School Special". For the first half of the episode, Stan is shown becoming dangerously obese, apparently thanks to his family sabotaging his diet to teach him AnAesop about making fun of overweight people like Steve's girlfriend Debbie. Just before the ad break, we see that Stan is in fact dangerously '''under'''weight and the family's "sabotage" is their desperate attempts to help him. [[FridgeBrilliance Since Stan is the viewpoint character...]]

* This is a core trope of ''WesternAnimation/SummerMemories''. Because the show is told through the memories of protagonist Jason, the story depicts the world entirely from his perspective and injects a heavy dose of surrealism to emphasize this. The trope becomes more and more obvious as the series goes on, with the episodes "That Ain't the Way I See It" and "Summer Forgettory" in particular exploring the implications and making this more obvious to viewers who haven't caught on.

* ''WesternAnimation/TheVentureBrothers'': The Monarch claims in his origin story that after his parents died in a plane crash he lived among monarch butterflies in the wilderness for an entire summer before taking a cab to New York to claim his inheritance. WordOfGod states that he most likely imagined most of it (or received mild brain damage in the crash, which would explain why he doesn't remember knowing Rusty as a child) and was picked up by a state trooper after a day.

* ''WesternAnimation/CaptainPlanetAndThePlaneteers'': It's not clear whether or not Gaia's tale from "[[Recap/CaptainPlanetAndThePlaneteersS3E10HogTide Hog Tide]]" is ''completely'' true. At the end of the episode, Wheeler even suspects she was "pulling [their] legs". Linka replies that he missed the point of the story, though.
-->'''Linka:''' It is not smart to build so close to the water.

* ''WesternAnimation/AlvinAndTheChipmunks'': Manages to combine this with a ClipShow in the episode, “Alvin in Analysis”. Alvin goes to see a therapist to complain about how his family drives him crazy despite all his “selfless” attempts to help them. It doesn’t take long for the therapist to notice how all of his selfless acts tend to end disastrously and that maybe he’s not being completely honest with her. She decides to hypnotize him, and that’s when he starts telling the truth about how selfish he really is.

** Possibly the case in the SeriesFinale, "Operation: I.N.T.E.R.V.I.E.W.S.". [[spoiler:It is revealed at the end that the adult KND were deliberately misleading Father during the interview, so it stands to reason that the parts of the story that he did not actually witness could have been untrue.]]
* ''WesternAnimation/CourageTheCowardlyDog'': The episode "Freaky Fred" is told from the point of view of the [[AntagonistTitle title character]], who's an AxeCrazy {{Expy}} of Theatre/SweeneyTodd and viewed as one of the creepiest villains in the series. An interesting variation in that, while he is narrating the episode, the audience can see what is actually happening and catch the dissonance.

* ''WesternAnimation/TheGrimAdventuresOfBillyAndMandy'': In one episode Grim deliberately tells Billy and Irwin distorted versions of classic American stories claiming that he was there.
** Except it's (possibly) [[SubvertedTrope subverted]], because Pecos Billy and the [[ItMakesSenseInContext laser cows]] show up and shoot stuff at the end.

** In fact, the whole episode was an example. The episode involves Zim, Gir, Dib, and Gaz all giving their accounts of the alien video Dib takes and each one is obviously biased. As noted above Gir's is absoulute nonsense, Zim's makes him and Gir out to be sympathetic children and Dib as an Ogre-style bully, Dib's show him as a powerful and confident hero while showing Gaz as the stereotypical damsel in distress, and Gaz's shows Zim and Dib as stupid to the point of mental retardation. All parties are obviously lying to some degree and what's worse is that from the actual video the you can easily tell what ''really'' happened.

** In seasons 1-4, Mr. Cat had an established backstory in which he ran away from home to escape his abusive family, consisting of an [[AlcoholicParent alcoholic father]], a mother who always screamed at him, and [[BigBrotherBully two older brothers who bullied him]]. However, he kept saying things that [[MultipleChoicePast conflicted with his established backstory. Season 5 explains that this was actually due to him deliberately telling lies about his past, and the established backstory was the only true one.

* ''WesternAnimation/ThePowerpuffGirls'': A very literal example of this (which occurs due to the RuleOfFunny) happens in one episode, where Mojo Jojo attacks, ties up, and gags the narrator and takes over the job so that the events of the story turn out in his favor. The Girls eventually realize what is happening, ignore his narrations, and beat the crud out of him. At the end of the story, they rescue the real narrator.

* ''WesternAnimation/RocketPower'': Has Ray and Tito frequently tell stories of their escapades in the 60s, but a few episodes make it pretty obvious that they're exaggerating it for the sake of getting a point across.
** Even the kids are aware of this; as when Tito mentions that he stepped on a piece of lava so hot he lost the hopscotch competition, they look at him skeptically. Tito quickly dodges further questions by saying he has to go do some dishes.

** Lisa accuses Homer of this in ''[[Recap/TheSimpsonsS6E13AndMaggieMakesThree And Maggie Makes Three]]'' when he tells them about his brilliant advertising campaign involving randomly discharging a shotgun into the air. Marge laments that actually happened.

** The episode "Fishsticks" had Music/KanyeWest being offended by a joke that Jimmy made up, and Cartman claim he had co-created the joke. We soon see he actually believes this when he recounts the opening scene with Jimmy being more enthusiastic about seeing him and Cartman coming up with the joke all by himself. Cartman then explains the lesson is that Jimmy is such a narcissist that he rewrites his memory to include himself in a bigger role (Or something like that).
** In the third version of the memory, Cartman is interrupted when writing the joke (himself, of course) by someone claiming that the "Jew robots" are invading the town. Cartman turns into the [[Franchise/FantasticFour Human Torch]] and proceeds to melt the "Jew-bots" before finishing the joke. When the flashback ends, Cartman nods that this is exactly what happened.

* ''WesternAnimation/SpongeBobSquarePants'': In "Little Yellow Book", [=SpongeBob=]'s narration from his diary states that Squidward was lecturing him on how to take care of a housepet properly, and both he and Mr. Krabs were doing "cleaning day" together. In reality, Squidward was calling him out for allowing Gary to chew most of his belongings, and Mr. Krabs had [=SpongeBob=] do most of the work while he sat on his lazy butt reading a magazine. {{Justified|Trope}}, in that this is coming from [[{{Cloudcuckoolander}} [=SpongeBob=]'s]] perspective.

** The Mortis arc introduces The Ones who are [[PhysicalGod living embodiment of the force]]. While the Daughter represents the Light Side, the Son represents the DarkSide and the Father is the balance between both sides. While on the surface it might seem a fairly standard case of BalanceBetweenGoodAndEvil, with both the Father and Son expressing the sentiment that there's no light without dark, upon closer investigation of the story, it becomes clear it's a deconstruction. The Father might claim to be the Balance, but in reality, all he does is keep the selfish Son leashed, because the Daughter, who's selfless, doesn't want to upset the Balance of the Force and the Galaxy in the first place. Father refuses to see this, due to his emotional attachment to both his children, and instead tries to use "balance" to rationalize letting Son live, despite knowing the repercussions of Son getting free. In other words, Father himself is being selfish, both towards the Son, by imprisoning him agaisnt his will, and towards the Galaxy by letting a selfish creature who'd wreak havoc on it live. While the Father claims that [[LightIsNotGood the Light side isn't inherently good]], WordOfGod states that in fact it's the Force's [[SentientCosmicForce natural state of being]].

** For that matter, [[spoiler:the ''whole of Gem Homeworld society'' appears to be a CultOfPersonality built around the [[PhysicalGod Diamonds]], depicting them as perfect, flawless beings. It's Peridot's realisation that her leader Yellow Diamond is capable of being vindictive and irrational, and that Homeworld has been ignoring or outright denying the value of organic life, that drives her to finally rebel against Homeworld.]]

** Pearl, meanwhile, knows more than Garnet about the war, but [[spoiler:is under a sort of {{Geas}} preventing her from saying the details about what she knows but Garnet doesn't.]] Interestingly, though Pearls are a SlaveRace in the Gem hierarchy and it's clear from dialogue that she was once owned by another gem, she effectively never speaks of what her life was like ''before'' she joined the rebellion and never indicates who her former owner was. [[spoiler:In part due to said Geas; her owner was Pink Diamond, and she specifically joined the rebellion at Pink Diamond's own request.]]

* ''WesternAnimation/ThunderCats2011'': Jaga's OpeningMonologue is shot through with [[HalfTruth half truths]], neglecting to mention that Third Earth's "peace and prosperity" belongs solely to Thundera's upper-class Cats, or that the ruler's "just heart" does not extend to other species.
* ''WesternAnimation/TransformersRobotsInDisguise'': Starscream explains how he survived escaping the Predacons as seen in the finale of ''WesternAnimation/TransformersPrime''. Casually proclaiming that he bravely (ran for his life) faced them while luring (too scared to notice) them to a chamber to use a weapon ([[AchievementInIgnorance accidentally activated a laser turret by sheer luck]]) to destroy them.
* ''WesternAnimation/TheVentureBros'': The Monarch claims in his origin story that after his parents died in a plane crash he lived among monarch butterflies in the wilderness for an entire summer before taking a cab to New York to claim his inheritance. WordOfGod states that he most likely imagined most of it (or received mild brain damage in the crash, which would explain why he doesn't remember knowing Rusty as a child) and was picked up by a state trooper after a day.

* ''WesternAnimation/OverTheGardenWall'': [[SociallyAwkwardHero Wirt]] mentions a few times that he recently lost out on love against a guy named [[FullNameBasis Jason Funderberker]], whom he describes as [[TheAce somebody impossible to compete with]]. Eventually, we actually see the incident in a WholeEpisodeFlashback, and not only is [[spoiler:Jason Funderberker a scrawny nerd even geekier than Wirt ([[{{Foil}} if less]] [[ExtravertedNerd self-conscious about it]])]], it's clear to the viewer that the girl in question, [[GirlNextDoor Sara]], [[TwiceShy likes Wirt]] and only sees Jason Funderberker [[BetterAsFriends as a friend]].

** In seasons 1-4, Mr. Cat had an established backstory in which he ran away from home to escape his abusive family, consisting of an [[AlcoholicFather alcoholic father]], a mother who always screamed at him, and [[BigBrotherBully two older brothers who bullied him]]. However, he kept saying things that [[MultipleChoicePast conflicted with his established backstory. Season 5 explains that this was actually due to him deliberately telling lies about his past, and the established backstory was the only true one.

* ''WesternAnimation/{{Kaeloo}}'': In seasons 1 and 2 of the show, Stumpy would complain about how he never knew what his mother did all day while he was at school and that she was neglectful and never spent much time with him. Later episodes in the show reveal that Stumpy's mother is a hardworking single mother of eight children whose only reason for not spending time with him is that she works three jobs to earn enough money for her family.

** In "Operation: R.E.P.O.R.T.", all five members of Sector V seem to be this. If one had to guess, Numbuh Five's version of the story was probably closest to the facts, but they were all rather farfetched.

* ''WesternAnimation/MyLittlePonyFriendshipIsMagic'': Any time [[CloudCuckoolander Pinkie Pie]] tells a story, you can be sure it'll have more than a few... embellishments.
** In "The Cutie Mark Chronicles", she tells the [[PowerTrio Cutie Mark Crusaders]] the story of how she got her cutie mark. It apparently involved her being raised by Amish-looking ''rock farmers'', and she closes her tale with "[[CreationMyth And that's how Equestria was made!]]" On top of that, Pinkie follows it up by [[MindScrew offering to tell the CMC how she got her cutie mark]].
*** The rock farm part turns out to be true, although she forgot to mention one of her sisters.
** "[[Recap/MyLittlePonyFriendshipIsMagicS2E24MysteryOnTheFriendshipExpress MMMMystery on the Friendship Express]]" involves Pinkie trying to figure out who took a bite of a cake she was delivering to a dessert contest. She blames the three competing chefs on board by inventing wild explanations as to how each one did it, accusing a griffin of being a [[DastardlyWhiplash Dastardly Whiplash-esque]] villain, a donkey of being a {{ninja}}, and a unicorn of being [[ShoutOut a]] Film/JamesBond {{expy}}. [[spoiler: It turns out that three of Pinkie's friends got so hungry hearing her talk up how delicious the Marzipan Mascarpone Meringue Madness was, they each snuck a bite while she wasn't looking.]]

* ''WesternAnimation/SpongeBobSquarePants'': In "Little Yellow Book", when Squidward reads [=SpongeBob=]'s diary, a narration is heard from [=SpongeBob=] saying that Squidward was lecturing him on how to properly take care of a housepet and both him and Mr. Krabs were doing "cleaning day" together. In reality, Squidward was calling him out for allowing Gary to chew most of his belongings and Mr. Krabs had [=SpongeBob=] do most of the work while he sat on his lazy butt reading a magazine. {{Justified|Trope}} in that this is coming from [[{{Cloudcuckoolander}} SpongeBob's]] perspective.

* ''WesternAnimation/StarWarsTheCloneWars'': Prime Minister Almec is revealed to be this over the course of several series. When rumors spread that the neutral Mandalore is planning to defect to the Separatists, Obi-Wan travels to the planet to investigate. Almec dismisses them as rumors, and the mysterious Mandalorian warriors that have been committing acts of terrorism are unconnected to them. Obi-Wan then brings up [[Film/AttackOfTheClones Jango Fett]], whom Almec dismisses as nothing more than a common bounty hunter in stolen armor. This caused a lot of wonder whether Jango (and by that same extent, Boba) were true Mandalorians, especially in the wake of [[CanonDiscontinuity Disney discarding the old Expanded Universe]] and rendering Jango's original backstory (a native of Concorde Dawn who lost his family to Death Watch and was raised by a covert of Mandalorians) moot. However, there was plenty of doubt on Almec's part, as Season 3 revealed [[spoiler: he was a corrupt bureaucrat who profited off the suffering of others, and eventually sells himself out to Maul in Season 5 before falling in Season 7]]. ''Series/TheMandalorian'' finally confirmed [[spoiler: Almec was lying thanks to Boba Fett himself, who presented a record showing Jango as having been a foundling, thereby making the Fetts true Mandalorians]].

* ''WesternAnimation/AmericanDad'' put an interesting spin on this in "The American Dad After School Special". For the first half of the episode, Stan is shown becoming dangerously obese, apparently thanks to his family sabotaging his diet to teach him AnAesop about making fun of overweight people like Steve's girlfriend Debbie. Just before the ad break, we see that Stan is in fact dangerously '''under'''weight and the family's "sabotage" is their desperate attempts to help him. [[FridgeBrilliance Since Stan is the viewpoint character...]]

* ''WesternAnimation/AlvinAndTheChipmunks'' manages to combine this with a ClipShow in the episode, “Alvin in Analysis”. Alvin goes to see a therapist to complain about how his family drives him crazy despite all his “selfless” attempts to help them. It doesn’t take long for the therapist to notice how all of his selfless acts tend to end disastrously and that maybe he’s not being completely honest with her. She decides to hypnotize him, and that’s when he starts telling the truth about how selfish he really is.

* The narrator in ''WesternAnimation/TheBeatles'' cartoon "I Want To Hold Your Hand" is ostensibly taking the viewers on a tour of a pleasure cruise and giving away the boys' hiding spots from their hysterical female fans. The narrator, in so many words, is told to bug off.

* The ''WesternAnimation/CourageTheCowardlyDog'' episode "Freaky Fred" is told from the point of view of the [[AntagonistTitle title character]], who's an AxeCrazy {{Expy}} of Theatre/SweeneyTodd and viewed as one of the creepiest villains in the series. An interesting variation in that, while he is narrating the episode, the audience can see what is actually happening and catch the dissonance.
* In ''WesternAnimation/DofusKerubsBazaar'', characters often get into arguments regarding how something actually happened, so it's highly likely that Kerubim embellishes his stories when no-one's there to dispute them.
* The Narrator in the ''WesternAnimation/EarthwormJim'' animated series not only often has no idea what's actually happening, he's also, at least once, bullied into reading a scene transition to the benefit of one of the villains. "Hey, Narrator guy. Read this or I'll disperse your molecules." "Oh. Erm... later, Psy-Crow and Professor Monkey-For-A-Head have defeated the evil Queen." <Scene transition to this having already happened>.
* ''Toys/EverAfterHigh'' suffers from this, mostly because there are two narrators who [[LikeAnOldMarriedCouple constantly criticize how the other tells the story.]] One favouring the Royals (female) and the other the Rebels (male) doesn't help.
* In one episode of ''WesternAnimation/TheGrimAdventuresOfBillyAndMandy'' Grim deliberately tells Billy and Irwin distorted versions of classic American stories claiming that he was there.

* In ''WesternAnimation/HarleyQuinn2019'', when Harley consults the Queen of Fables, she tells about how Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman took out her henchmen, Harley stops the story noting that Superman would never scorch anyone. The Queen of Fables admits to exaggerating to make the story more interesting.
* ''WesternAnimation/IAmWeasel'' once did a strange origin story for both I.M Weasel and I.R. Baboon (Baboon is a no-talent comedian and Weasel is a country singer who often comes to Baboon's rescue). It had an unidentified narrator with a somewhat deep Southern accent. At the end of the story, his voice drastically changes and he's revealed to be Jolly Roger, who of course made it all up.
* On ''WesternAnimation/InvaderZim'', [[MinionWithAnFInEvil Gir]]'s witness account of [[SympatheticInspectorAntagonist Dib]]'s alien video in "[[RashomonStyle Mysterious Mysteries]]" is so out there it borders on ThroughTheEyesOfMadness. He claims to have been Stacy: "The chubby lady hidin' in the bushes," and halfway through he starts talking about a [[TalkativeLoon giant space squirrel.]]

* In ''WesternAnimation/IronManArmoredAdventures'', Pepper claims to have found information on AIM by [[CeilingCling clinging to the ceiling]] listening onto her father talking the the FBI. She later breaks down and admits her father just forgot to log off his computer.
* In ''WesternAnimation/KingOfTheHill'', certain parts of Cotton's recountings of his past are rather questionable. It's implied that he and his friends have shared war stories for so long that he cannot remember which ones he was actually involved in. In one episode Peggy helps him put together a record of his time in WWII and has to remind him that he was never in Munich, as he fought in the Pacific theater.

* Two ''WesternAnimation/LooneyTunes'' cartoons, ''The Trial of Mr. Wolf'' and ''Turn Tale Wolf'', have the Big Bad Wolf tell alternate versions of ''Little Red Riding Hood'' and ''The Three Little Pigs'', respectively, with him as the victim. (At the end of the first one, when it's clear that no-one believes him, [[spoiler: he says that if he's lying, he hopes he's run over by a street car, at which point that's ''exactly'' what happens. Then he gets up and says, "Okay, maybe I did exaggerate a bit..."]])

* In the ''{{WesternAnimation/Motorcity}}'' episode "Threat Level: Texas!", while being interrogated by Tooley, Texas tells him about the events of several previous episodes, only in which he is the hero of the story rather than Mike Chilton, to the point where the rest of the main cast is ''incredibly'' out of character and very goofy, constantly praising him.

* In ''WesternAnimation/OverTheGardenWall'', [[SociallyAwkwardHero Wirt]] mentions a few times that he recently lost out on love against a guy named [[FullNameBasis Jason Funderberker]], whom he describes as [[TheAce somebody impossible to compete with]]. Eventually, we actually see the incident in a WholeEpisodeFlashback, and not only is [[spoiler:Jason Funderberker a scrawny nerd even geekier than Wirt ([[{{Foil}} if less]] [[ExtravertedNerd self-conscious about it]])]], it's clear to the viewer that the girl in question, [[GirlNextDoor Sara]], [[TwiceShy likes Wirt]] and only sees Jason Funderberker [[BetterAsFriends as a friend]].
* A very literal example of this (which occurs due to the RuleOfFunny) happens in one episode of ''WesternAnimation/ThePowerpuffGirls'', where Mojo Jojo attacks, ties up, and gags the narrator and takes over the job so that the events of the story turn out in his favor. The Girls eventually realize what is happening, ignore his narrations, and beat the crud out of him. At the end of the story, they rescue the real narrator.
* In the third season of ''WesternAnimation/RickAndMorty'', after Rick's arrest by the [[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Galactic Federation]] one of their agents [[JourneyToTheCenterOfTheMind enters his mind]] to interrogate him. They then relive his origin story where an AlternateUniverse version of him murders his family, whereupon Rick reveals that the entire memory was fabricated and the code he stole from it was a virus. [[spoiler: Two seasons later it's revealed that this was a half-truth, and the memory he showed him was for the most part real with the entire Smith family being ReplacementGoldfish for the one he lost.]]
* ''WesternAnimation/RocketPower'' has Ray and Tito frequently tell stories of their escapades in the 60s, but a few episodes make it pretty obvious that they're exaggerating it for the sake of getting a point across.

* ''WesternAnimation/SheRaAndThePrincessesOfPower''

* In ''WesternAnimation/TheSimpsons'', Homer Simpson is this in-universe. In one episode, he wanted to buy a bottle of expensive hair-regrowth formula. After the pharmacist tells him the price, Homer realizes he can't afford it, he breaks down crying and says, "Forget you, pal. Thanks for nothing," as he leaves. This is changed in his story to his friends to an angry, "Forget you, pal! Thanks for nuthin'!" as he "stormed" out.

* In ''WesternAnimation/TeenageMutantNinjaTurtles2003'', teasers and recaps are narrated by a character who plays a prominent role within the episode. In the episode "Rogue in the House, part 2", said duty falls upon Zog, a brain-damaged Triceraton which the turtles -- taking advantage of the fact that Zog believes them to be Triceratons -- recruited in the previous episode. Despite accurate visuals, Zog's narration states what he wrongly believes is actually happening -- that the turtles are a Triceraton sabotage unit, the Foot are a Federation.
* In ''WesternAnimation/TransformersRobotsInDisguise'', Starscream explains how he survived escaping the Predacons as seen in the finale of ''WesternAnimation/TransformersPrime''. Casually proclaiming that he bravely (ran for his life) faced them while luring (too scared to notice) them to a chamber to use a weapon ([[AchievementInIgnorance accidentally activated a laser turret by sheer luck]]) to destroy them.
* In ''WesternAnimation/TheVentureBros'' the Monarch claims in his origin story that after his parents died in a plane crash he lived among monarch butterflies in the wilderness for an entire summer before taking a cab to New York to claim his inheritance. WordOfGod states that he most likely imagined most of it (or received mild brain damage in the crash, which would explain why he doesn't remember knowing Rusty as a child) and was picked up by a state trooper after a day.

* ''WesternAnimation/TheFairlyOddparents'': It's occasionally implied we see the show through Timmy's eyes -- for example it's implied Vicky is just a normal babysitter but Timmy sees her as a psychopath.

* ''WesternAnimation/SpongeBobSquarePants'': In "Little Yellow Book", when Squidward reads [=SpongeBob=]'s diary, a narration is heard from [=SpongeBob=] saying that Squidward was lecturing him on how to properly take care of a housepet and both Mr. Krabs and him were doing "cleaning day" together. In reality, Squidward was calling him out for allowing Gary to chew most of his belongings and Mr. Krabs had [=SpongeBob=] do most of the work while he sat on his lazy butt reading a magazine. Justified in that this is coming from [[{{Cloudcuckoolander}} SpongeBob's]] perspective.

%% This page has been alphabetized. Please add new examples in the correct order.

* ''WesternAnimation/TheFairlyOddparents'': It's occasionally implied we see the show through Timmy's eyes - for example it's implied Vicky is just a normal babysitter but Timmy sees her as a psychopath.

* In ''WesternAnimation/TeenageMutantNinjaTurtles2003'', teasers and recaps are narrated by a character who plays a prominent role within the episode. In the episode "Rogue in the House, part 2", said duty falls upon Zog, a brain-damaged Triceraton which the turtles--taking advantage of the fact that Zog believes them to be Triceratons--recruited in the previous episode. Despite accurate visuals, Zog's narration states what he wrongly believes is actually happening--that the turtles are a Triceraton sabotage unit, the Foot are a Federation.

* In ''WesternAnimation/KingOfTheHill'', certain parts of Cotton's recountings of his past are rather questionable. It's implied that he and his friends have shared war stories for so long that he cannot remember which ones he was actually involved in.