History GratuitousLatin / Marathon

* The most literal translation of "Habe quiddam"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Habē quiddam[[/labelnote]] is "Have some", though like many Latin verbs, ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/habeo habeō]]'' has numerous other possible translations, among them "accept some" or "endure some". It may be intended to mean "Get some" (which would be more properly expressed as ''tenē quiddam'' or similar), possibly as a ShoutOut to ''Film/FullMetalJacket'' (1987, dir. by Creator/StanleyKubrick). However, holding the control key and typing "HAVESOME" (either with shift held down or caps lock enabled) granted invincibility in the ''Marathon'' beta, suggesting that "have some" is in fact the intended translation.\\
\\
Interestingly, various official sources also use "Habete quiddam"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Habēte qiuddam[[/labelnote]], "Habe quidam"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Habē quīdam[[/labelnote]], and "Habete quidam"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Habēte quīdam[[/labelnote]], which all translate identically to English, all mean roughly the same thing in Latin, and are all grammatically correct.[[labelnote:Grammar nerd explanation]]''Quīdam'' is masculine, while ''quiddam'' is neuter; ''habēte'' is the plural present active imperative, representing a command directed at multiple people, while ''habē'' is the singular present active imperative, representing a command directed at a single person.[[/labelnote]]

* Durandal's response to the above is simply "Et tu, Tycho? [laughter]"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Et tū, Tycho?[[/labelnote]], meaning "And you, Tycho?", meant to indicate a sense of betrayal. Further exegesis once again found on the series shout-out page, since it is likely intended as a reference to Creator/WilliamShakespeare's ''Theatre/JuliusCaesar''. Then again, Durandal's laughter suggests that he may also be mocking Tycho.

* "Habe quiddam"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Habē quiddam[[/labelnote]] means "Get some", a possible ShoutOut to ''Film/FullMetalJacket'' (1987, dir. by Creator/StanleyKubrick). Various official sources also use "Habete quiddam"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Habēte qiuddam[[/labelnote]], "Habe quidam"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Habē quīdam[[/labelnote]], and "Habete quidam"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Habēte quīdam[[/labelnote]], all of which translate identically to English and mean roughly the same thing in Latin.[[labelnote:Grammar nerd explanation]]''Quīdam'' is masculine, while ''quiddam'' is neuter; ''habēte'' is the plural present active imperative, representing a command directed at multiple people, while ''habē'' is the singular present active imperative, representing a command directed at a single person.[[/labelnote]]

* "Ex cathedra"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Ex cathedrā[[/labelnote]] probably is intended to mean "from the cathedral" or "from the bishop's chair" in this case.[[labelnote:Grammar notes]]"Ex" means "from" or "out of" and is followed by the ablative case, so cathedrā is technically more correct here than cathedra, though many modern renderings of Latin omit the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apex_(diacritic) apices]], and the classic Mac character set used for ''Marathon'' levels didn't have the macron used to render the apex in most modern renderings that include it. "Cathedra" can mean "armchair", "ceremonial chair" (of a teacher or, later, a bishop), or "office or rank of teacher or bishop".\\

* The net level "Ex justicia mortis"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Ex jūsticiā mortis[[/labelnote]] can be translated roughly as "Of death from justice", but as may be obvious, "from justice" occurs first in the phrase, leading to the word order, "From justice, (of) death". This is grammatically awkward in English, but Latin's noun cases clarify the intended meaning in ways that are not strictly possible in English; this renders Latin more flexible with word order in many cases, freeing writers to use it for emphasis. The implicit meaning of the phrase is "Death comes out of justice", but it does not contain a verb. Then again, owing to a construction called a [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_copula zero copula]], it doesn't really need one. (Also, note that ''justicia'' is a medieval spelling; classical Latin would have used ''iustitia'', and despite this being the obvious ancestor of the English word ''justice'', it can also be translated as ''fairness'' or ''equity''.)

* The level "Welcome to the Revolution" contains a secret terminal in which Tycho states, "Tua consilia omnia nobis clariora sunt quam lux. Tu delenda est."[[labelnote:With macrons]]Tua cōnsilia omnia nōbīs clāriōra sunt quam lūx. Tu dēlenda est.[[/labelnote]] This means roughly, "All your plans are clearer than light to us. You are to be destroyed." However, "Tu dēlenda est" is slightly grammatically incorrect in this case, since "tu" in Durandal's case should be in the masculine gender. Beyond that, ''est'' should be changed to ''es'', since the subject (''tu'') is in second person. "Tu dēlendus es" would be correct. More information is found on the [[ShoutOut/{{Marathon}} series shout-out page]], since it contains a reference to a famous phrase by the Roman politician Cato the Censor.[[labelnote:Watsonian versus Doylist commentary]]It's possible that Tycho intends a subtle insult to Durandal by using the feminine gender here - a [[http://marathon.bungie.org/story/sphtkr.html#Feel%20the%20Noise terminal in "Feel the Noise"]] may be an oblique reference to this, and indeed may also be a possible AuthorsSavingThrow. It's also possible that Bungie simply felt it was worth making the reference to Cato the Censor as obvious as possible and thus left the gender intact. Or else they just overlooked it.[[/labelnote]]

* The level "Welcome to the Revolution" contains a secret terminal in which Tycho states, "Tua consilia omnia nobis clariora sunt quam lux. Tu delenda est."[[labelnote:With macrons]]Tua cōnsilia omnia nōbīs clāriōra sunt quam lūx. Tu dēlenda est.[[/labelnote]] This means roughly, "All your plans are clearer than light to us. You are to be destroyed." However, "Tu dēlenda est" is slightly grammatically incorrect in this case, since "tu" in Durandal's case should be in the masculine gender. "Tu dēlendus est" would be correct. More information is found on the [[ShoutOut/{{Marathon}} series shout-out page]], since it contains a reference to a famous phrase by the Roman politician Cato the Censor.[[labelnote:Watsonian versus Doylist commentary]]It's possible that Tycho intends a subtle insult to Durandal by using the feminine gender here - a [[http://marathon.bungie.org/story/sphtkr.html#Feel%20the%20Noise terminal in "Feel the Noise"]] may be an oblique reference to this, and indeed may also be a possible AuthorsSavingThrow. It's also possible that Bungie simply felt it was worth making the reference to Cato the Censor as obvious as possible and thus left the gender intact. Or else they just overlooked it.[[/labelnote]]

* The net level "Ex justicia mortis"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Ex jūsticiā mortis[[/labelnote]] can be translated roughly as "Of death from justice", but as may be obvious, "from justice" occurs first in the phrase, leading to the word order, "From justice, (of) death". This is grammatically awkward in English, but Latin's noun cases clarify the intended meaning in ways that are not strictly possible in English; this renders Latin more flexible with word order in many cases, freeing writers to use it for emphasis. The implicit meaning of the phrase is "Death comes out of justice", but it does not contain a verb. (Also, note that ''justicia'' is a medieval spelling; classical Latin would have used ''iustitia'', and despite this being the obvious ancestor of the English word ''justice'', it can also be translated as ''fairness'' or ''equity''.)

Following the example of the original games, many fan scenarios employ this a lot:

[[folder:Tempus Irae]]
''Tempus Irae''[[labelnote:With macrons]]Tempus Īrae or Tempus īrae[[/labelnote]] means ''Time of Wrath'' (the English translation appears in the closing screen for ''The Lost Levels''). There is a lot of other Latin in the game, of course:
* The level "Sordidae, turpes et faetidae"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Sordidae, turpēs et faetidae[[/labelnote]] means roughly "dirty, foul, and stinking", though it could just as easily be translated "sordid, turpid, and fetid". It is a reference to the condition of the city streets during the Black Death, which is why all three adjectives are in their plural, feminine forms; it was taken from a biography of Creator/LeonardoDaVinci by Serge Bramly.
* "Polygonum opus"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Polygōnum opus[[/labelnote]] refers to the art of polygonal masonry (it literally means just "polygon work", although it is slightly misspelled in older releases as "Polygonium Opus"); it can also be considered a play on the phrase "MagnumOpus" ("Great Work") as well as the fact that ''Marathon'' maps are created out of polygons.
* The [[http://nardo.bungie.org/ splash page for the game's website]] contains quotations from the 13th-century hymn ''[[https://youtu.be/Dlr90NLDp-0 Dies īrae]]'', which also appear in [[Music/WolfgangAmadeusMozart Mozart]]'s ''[[https://youtu.be/63jv0JcDNUg Requiem in D minor]]'' (specifically the ''[[https://youtu.be/SKityhJZDV0 Rēx tremendae]]'' and ''[[https://youtu.be/Dlr90NLDp-0 Dies īrae]]'' portions). "Solvet saeclum in favilla"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Solvet saeclum in favīllā[[/labelnote]], the subtitle of the page, means "All the world into ash turning". (Taken with the title of the game, it can also be translated as "The time of wrath will dissolve the world into ash" - a slight paraphrase of the first two lines of the ''Dies īrae'', which translate as "The day of wrath, that day/Will dissolve the world into ash.") The lines:
--> "Rex tremendae majestatis,\\
Qui salvandos salvas gratis,\\
Salva me, fons pietatis"[[labelnote:With macrons]]\\
Rēx tremendae majestātis,\\
Quī salvandōs salvās grātīs,\\
Salvā mē, fōns pietātis[[/labelnote]]
** Are translated in the Catholic funeral mass (adapted from a version by William Josiah Irons in 1849, keeping the rhyme and metre of the original) as:
---> "King of Majesty tremendous,\\
Who dost free salvation send us,\\
Fount of pity, then befriend us!"
** A translation with greater formal equivalence, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dies_irae per Wikipedia]], is:
---> "King of fearsome majesty,\\
Who gladly saves those fit to be saved,\\
Save me, O font of mercy."
* One of the wall textures seen in a crypt and elsewhere (in the 2006 and 2020 versions) contains several Latin phrases:
** "A verbis ad verbera, MCDLII"[[labelnote:With macrons]]A verbīs ad verbera, MCDLII[[/labelnote]]: "From words to blows, 1452". A Latin idiom of unclear origin, referencing the degeneration of a situation from dialogue to violence. Sometimes also seen as "verbis perventum est ad verbera" ("Words come to blows") or similar. 1452 is the year of Creator/LeonardoDaVinci's birth.
** "A fronte praecipitium, a tergo lupi, IX XI MMI"[[labelnote:With macrons]]A fronte praecipitium, a tergō lupī, IX XI MMI[[/labelnote]]: "A precipice in front, wolves behind, 9/11/2001". Less literally, "between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea" - referring to a case where a person is caught between [[MortonsFork two impossible options]]. The Dutch humanist and scholar Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536) collected this Latin phrase - along with its Greek equivalent, "Ἔμπροσθεν κρημνός, ὄπισθεν λύκοι" (''Émprosthen krimnós, ópisthen lýkoi'') - in his 1508 work ''Adagiōrum chīliadēs'' (''Thousands of Adages'') an annotated collection of Greek and Latin proverbs. Erasmus' source is unclear; however, more info on these phrases can be found [[https://wordhistories.net/2017/09/29/between-devil-and-sea/ here]].
** "Materiam superabat opus, MCMXCVI"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Māteriam superābat opus, MCMXCVI[[/labelnote]]: "The quality was better than the material, 1996." Or less literally, "the workmanship was better than the subject matter, 1996." A quotation from Creator/{{Ovid}}'s ''Literature/{{Metamorphoses}}'' ([[CaptainObvious apart from the "1996" part]] - 1996 when the first version of ''Tempus Irae'' was created).
** "Nolite id cogere, cape malleum majorem"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Nōlīte id cōgere, cape malleum mājōrem[[/labelnote]]: "Don't force it; get a bigger hammer." A modern, comical example of Latin; origin unclear.
* In the forthcoming re-release, the stained-glass windows found in the level "Downward Spiral" (seen in [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTZKEdnDGVk this video]], starting at roughly the 13:20 mark, although it is likely too small to be clearly legible) feature an abridged quote from [[Literature/BookOfGenesis Genesis 11:7]] (excerpted passage in bold): "Venite, igitur '''descendamus et confundamus ibi linguam eorum''', ut non audiat unusquisque vocem proximi sui,"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Venīte, igitur '''dēscendāmus et cōnfundāmus ibi linguam eōrum,''' ut nōn audiat ūnusquisque vōcem proximī suī[[/labelnote]] which the KJV translates as: "Go to, '''let us go down, and there confound their language''', that they may not understand one another's speech." This text being in Latin is [[FridgeBrilliance quite fitting]], since few people understand Latin nowadays. Given how high it is on the stained-glass windows, it is also so small that you have to squint (and quite possibly use the sniper zoom, which one may do by pressing F7) to see it.
* The [[https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/773054298195886120/806120298981883904/unknown.png map writing]] of the secret level “Il grande silenzio” in the forthcoming re-release, a work-in-progress screenshot of which is linked on the creator’s [[https://youtu.be/rHAJYGmqbYQ YouTube channel]], evidently provides us with a final example:
--> “Anne MMXX, pēdīcābō ego vōs et irrumābō
--> Creāta ab [=[=]creator’s name[=]=] %%Probably best not to put people’s names up here
--> Init. iūn MMXX
--> Fīn. feb MMXXI
--> Grātiās agō [=[=]list of thanks[=]=]
--> In memoriam Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Devon Belcher, Music/EnnioMorricone, et Duncan”
** Line-by-line, the Latin phrases mean “Year 2020, [[spoiler:I will sodomise you and face-fuck you]]” (a quotation from [[Literature/CatulliCarmen16 Catullus’ Carmen 16]], regarded as one of the most obscene lines ever written in any language, which makes it an example of a SophisticatedAsHell ShoutOut and a PrecisionFStrike); “Created by”; “Beginning June 2020” (“Init.” is an abbreviation of “Initium”); “End February 2021” (“Fīn.” is an abbreviation of “Fīnis”); “I give thanks to”; and “in memory of”. (The people thanked are one of ''Tempus''’ two primary developers, the main mapmaker of ''Phoenix'', and one of Aleph One’s developers; the level is a pastiche of the former two’s styles, while the Aleph One dev provided understanding of the engine’s technical limitations. The ''Tempus'' dev also created several snow textures and a landscape specifically for “Il grande silenzio”.) Devon Belcher was a philosophy professor and a member of Nardo who constructed several levels of ''Tempus Irae 2: The Lost Levels''. Duncan was the creator’s dog. The creator’s Website/{{YouTube}} video description indicates that the Creator/{{Catullus}} ShoutOut was partially inspired by “Yucatan Dive” from ''[[http://simplici7y.com/items/imperium Imperium]]'', which originally had “Fuck 2016” written on the map; the most recent release has “2016” crossed out and “2020” written beside it.

[[/folder]]
[[folder:Rubicon]]
* ''Rubicon'' contains the LampshadeHanging level title "Carpe *mumble mumble latin*", a reference to the well-known Latin phrase "Carpe diem", meaning "enjoy the day" or "make good use of the day" ([[BeamMeUpScotty commonly mistranslated]] as "seize the day").
* In addition, there's the level "Veni vidi cursavi"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Vēnī vīdī cursāvī[[/labelnote]] ("I Came, I Saw, I Ran Constantly About"), a pun on UsefulNotes/JuliusCaesar's famous quote "Veni vidi vici"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Vēnī vīdī vīcī[[/labelnote]] ("I Came, I Saw, I Conquered", which is exactly what you're ''not'' doing in that level).
* "Lazarus ex machina"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Lāzārus ex māchinā[[/labelnote]] means "Lazarus out of the Machine", a play on the phrase DeusExMachina ("God out of the Machine"). It also refers to Lazarus of Bethany, a man resurrected by Jesus in the Gospel of John. Given that [[spoiler:the end of the level depicts the resurrection of Durandal]], it is a rather fitting title.
* Chapter names include:
** "Fraternus carnifex"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Frāternus carnifex[[/labelnote]]: "Brother's Executioner" (literally "Fraternal Executioner").
** "Mendacium ex machina"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Mendācium ex māchinā[[/labelnote]]: "Lie from the Machine".
** "Homo homini lupus"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Homō hominī lupus[[/labelnote]]: a slight shortening of the phrase "Homō hominī lupus est," which means "A man is a wolf to another man," or "man is a wolf to man."[[note]]Omitting forms of ''sum'', or ''to be'', can be grammatically correct in Latin sentences like this; the phrase "Homō hominī lupus" is constructed to imply ''est''. This is called a [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_copula zero copula]] (plural ''zero copulae'' or ''zero copulas''), and according to Latin grammarians Gildersleeve and Lodge, ''"''Est'' or ''sunt'' is often omitted in saws and proverbs, in short statements and questions, in rapid changes, in conditional clauses, and in tenses compounded with participles."'' ([[https://books.google.com/books?id=UU0BIAbE0SIC&pg=PA147&lpg=PA147 Google Books result]], [[https://latin.stackexchange.com/questions/12925/dropping-to-be-and-other-verbs-in-latin StackExchange transcription]]). ¶ The same tendency occurs, to a lesser extent, in English; phrases like "the more, the merrier" and most newspaper headlines are examples of English zero copulae, as are many spoken phrases in casual English like "You going to the party tonight?" Zero copulae are more common in Caribbean creoles and African-American Vernacular English. ¶ Incidentally, ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/copula#Latin cōpula]]'' is itself an example of GratuitousLatin; it means ''bond, tie, or other connecting item'' in Latin.[[/note]]
** "Lex talionis"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Lex tāliōnis[[/labelnote]]: "The Law of Retaliation", literally, whereby a punishment resembles the offence committed in both kind and degree - often referred to as "an eye for an eye", though this is not a literal translation of the Latin.
* The game makes several references to something called "Calix Temporum reverse allocation". "Calix Temporum" seems to be intended to mean "Vessel of Opportunities" (a more literal translation would be "Chalice of Times", but ''tempus'' can metaphorically mean ''opportunity'' as well).
[[/folder]]

[[folder:Eternal]]
''Eternal'' didn't really use much Latin before version 1.3. Version 1.3 seems determined to make up for it.
* The creators have translated the titles of dream levels and every level of chapter five into Latin, although currently, most levels have titles in both English and Latin. ("Haec caverna nón fórmátió nátúrális est" is in Latin only due to a character limit on map titles.) Usually, they're fairly literal translations, but occasionally the creators took artistic liberties:
** Látus procul núllíus locí = The Far Side of Nowhere (literally "The Far Side of No Place"[[labelnote:Explanation]]Latin heavily prefers the genitive case for possessives. Since ''nusquam'', literally meaning ''nowhere'', is an adverb, it lacks a genitive case. The same applies for ''ubíque'', or ''everywhere'', on the final level[[/labelnote]])
** Úniversum tangéns = The Tangent Universe
** Dormíre, fortuító somniáre = To Sleep, Perchance to Dream
** Receptor vítális = The Living Receiver
** Orbis est inánis et vacuus = The World Is Hollow (literally "The World Is [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohu_wa-bohu Without Form and Void]]")
** Mortuí tortí = The Manipulated Dead (literally "The Tormented Dead")
** Terra in firmámentó = The Land in the Sky
** Décipula praesidí = The Ensurance Trap (literally "The Trap of Assistance"; to duplicate the effect of the archaic spelling ''Ensurance'', uses an archaic dative form of ''praesidium'' that was only used until the Augustan Age)
** Échús Eden = Echoes of Eden
** Mortuí vívunt in catacumbis = The Dead Live in the Catacombs
** Haec caverna nón fórmátió nátúrális est = This Cave Is Not a Natural Formation
** Profundis in cavernam = Deep Into the Grotto
** Rána explóde corpus spíramentí = Frog Blast the Vent Core
** Teneó affectum malum de hóc = I've Got a Bad Feeling About This
** Philosophia itineris temporis = The Philosophy of Time Travel
** Hic nuntius sé délébó = This Message Will Self-Destruct
** Coíbámus olím in hortó = We Met Once in the Garden
** Ubínam gigantés cecidérunt = Where Giants Have Fallen
** Látus propinquum omnium locórum = The Near Side of Everywhere (literally "The Near Side of All Places")
*** Some of these titles also gain interesting double or even triple meanings in Latin. For instance, [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coeo#Latin coībāmus]] could mean "we came up against (one another)", with a hostile subtext... or, without any subtext at all, "we copulated" (other forms of the verb ''coeō'' are the direct linguistic ancestors of the English words ''coition'' and ''coitus''). Creator commentary indicates that at least this triple meaning is intentional.
* Marcus' diary is accompanied by map annotations in untranslated Latin, although many of the meanings are probably fairly obvious.
** "Foris aperítur"[[note]]The creators of ''Eternal'' have opted to use acute accents to represent apices, because the Mac-Roman character set employed by Aleph One does not include macrons[[/note]] = "Door opens"
** "VII cellulae fúsiónis & chronicon Márcí pars II" = "7 fusion batteries & Marcus' diary, part 2"
** "Portae démissae sunt" = "Gates are down"
** "VIII cellulae fúsiónis & chronicon Márcí pars III" = "8 fusion batteries & Marcus' diary, part 3"
** "Suggestus activus est" = "Platform is active"
** "V cellulae fúsiónis" = "5 fusion batteries"
** "I tormentum fúsiónis dé classe Úranó" = "1 Ouranos-class fusion cannon"
** "Nuntius Hathóris, VII cellulae fúsiónis, & II pistolae fúsiónis dé classe Crone" = "Hathor's message, 7 fusion batteries, & 2 Cronus-class fusion pistols"
* A [[https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/691755375329804318/915890641156857894/unknown.png Weland screenshot]] of "Remedial Chaos Theory" (the replacement for "Unwired") posted to the co-director's Website/{{YouTube}} channel (see [[https://youtu.be/CAfdb_EwhTY video description]]) has map writing saying, "Nōn obligās habilitāre lūcem rubeam." This is GratuitousLatin for "You don't have to put on the red light," a line from Music/ThePolice's song "Roxanne" - which is played something like six or seven times in the ''Community'' episode "[[Recap/CommunityS3E04RemedialChaosTheory Remedial Chaos Theory]]", which gives the level its name (see ShoutOut.{{Marathon}} for more). A more literal translation would be "You're not obligated to empower the red light" - the Police's idiomatic use of "put on the red light" is difficult to render accurately in Latin.
* Chapter five in general contains quite a few phrases of untranslated Latin throughout its terminals, as seen [[https://youtu.be/6LwxosRoBPw here]] - basically, anything where the machine translator wasn't sure how to translate a term in previous versions of chapter five is Latin now (although the creators have attempted to use mostly familiar-looking words). The terminals also attempt to follow what the plausible Latin declensions of each term would have been in context. The implication appears to be that the AIs spoke Latin as their native language, and are not fully able to translate to English due to their damaged functionality. Some words that appear frequently, although this is by no means (yet) an exhaustive list:
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arx#Latin Arx]] – fortress (''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arca#Latin arca]]'', which is cognate to ''arx'', is the linguistic ancestor of our word ''ark'')
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inimicus#Latin Inimícus]] – enemy (its direct linguistic descendant via the Old French ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enemi#Old_French enemi]]'')
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/somnium#Latin Somnium]] – dream (the English terms ''somniferous'' and ''somnolent'', [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*swep- amongst others]], are derived from the same root)[[note]]Strangely, linguists believe that the English terms ''sopor'' and ''soporific'' are also ultimately derived from the same root; they hypothesise the Proto-Indo-European ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swep- *swep-]]'', meaning ''to sleep'', as the root of all of them[[/note]]
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/custos#Latin Custós]] – watcher (the derivative ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/custodia#Latin custōdia]]'' is the linguistic ancestor of our word ''custodian'')[[note]]''Cū̆stōs'' is a relatively familiar Latin word anyway, due to the famous Creator/{{Juvenal}} quote "Quis cū̆stōdiet ipsōs cū̆stōdēs?", meaning "Who will watch the watchmen themselves?", popularised in works like ''ComicBook/{{Watchmen}}''. ''Cū̆stōdēs'' is the plural of ''cū̆stōs'' in the accusative, nominative, and vocative cases[[/note]]
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praeses#Latin Praeses]] – guardian (our word ''president'' is descended from the related term ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praesidens#Latin praesidēns]]''; both are derivatives of the verb ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praesideo#Latin praesideō]]'')
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nova#Latin nova]] [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praematurus#Latin praemátúra]] – early nova [[spoiler:(which - in ''Eternal''[='=]s timeline, to be clear, and not in Bungie's trilogy - was the original Jjaro name for what the Pfhor later renamed the ''trih xeem'' to obscure the Jjaro's origins)]].
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ave#Latin Avé]], [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dominus Domine]] (seen at the start of every message from either Custóde or Praeses), means something along the lines of "Hello, Master."
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vale#Latin Valé]] (seen at the end of every message from either Custóde or Praeside), as mentioned above, means "farewell." "Avé atque valé", seen in Custódis final message to the player, means "Hail and farewell" or "I salute you, and goodbye", and is a ShoutOut to [[Creator/{{Catullus}} Catulli]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catullus_101 Carmen 101]] (see ShoutOut.{{Marathon}} for more).
* As of 1.3, the map annotations on "[[https://youtu.be/cBnQdLNKWug?t=3480 Deep Into the Grotto]]" are in untranslated Latin, although their meaning is probably not very difficult to puzzle out, since there are close English linguistic descendants of every word used in the annotations:
** Príma memoria computátrí = First computer memory
** Secunda memoria computátrí = Second computer memory
** Tertia memoria computátrí = Third computer memory
** Quárta memoria computátrí = Fourth computer memory
** Quínta memoria computátrí = Fifth computer memory
** Sexta memoria computátrí = Sixth computer memory
** Septima memoria computátrí = Seventh computer memory
* Hathor says "''aut futue, aut pugnémus''" in "[[https://youtu.be/lRA3MFW6Anw?t=715 We Met Once in the Garden]]". This translates roughly as "[[spoiler:Either fuck me, or let's fight]]" and is a verbatim quotation from Martial's ''Epigrams'' 11:20, which the co-director describes as "really quite a nasty piece of propaganda", but also notes as fitting Hathor's mood and the level's Latin subtitle (which could mean "We Copulated Once in the Garden" or "We Came Up Against [One Another] in the Garden") perfectly. It also qualifies as SophisticatedAsHell because it's a [[SmartPeopleKnowLatin Latin]] PrecisionFStrike that doubles as an erudite literary reference.[[labelnote:Further notes on the translation and digressions on Latin obscenity more broadly; Cluster F-Bomb, CountryMatters, and explicit descriptions of sex acts are inevitable]]Since Latin obscenity is substantially more precise than English obscenity, Hathor's Martial quote can be translated more literally, though less poetically, as something like "Either fuck my pussy, or let's fight". The verb ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/futuo#Latin futuō]]'' refers specifically to vaginal intercourse and has a distinction between its active and passive voices; a ''futūtor'' (man who fucks, or fucker) would typically say ''futuō'' (I fuck), while a ''futūtrix'' (woman who fucks, or fuckee, if you will) would typically say ''futuor'' (I am fucked), perhaps unless she took an unusually active role in the ''futūtiō'' (act of fucking). Hence, the command ''futue'' means ''fuck'' (more exactly, ''fuck in the pussy''); the command ''futuere'' would mean ''be fucked'' (more exactly, ''be fucked in the pussy''; note that ''futuere'' is also the active present infinitive meaning ''to fuck in the pussy'').\\
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Also, ''futuō'' was usually used in erotic contexts and typically not for insult or emphasis the way the word ''fuck'' is in English; attempting to translate ''fuck you'' literally using forms of ''futuō'' might translate as a come-on (''futue'' or ''futuere'' could be read as offering to fuck the listener, or as expressing hopes that they have a good time while fucking or being fucked), or as completely nonsensical: ''fuck yourself'' (more literally, ''fuck you yourself in the pussy'') could be translated as ''futue tē ipsum'' (to a man), ''futue tē ipsam'' (to a woman), ''futuite vōs ipsās'' (to a group of women), or ''futuite vōs ipsōs'' (to a group of men or mixed gender) - but how can one fuck ''oneself'' in the pussy? However, other obscenities referred to other kinds of sex and could be substantially more insulting; for example, ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paedico#Latin paedīcō]]'' (or ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pedico#Latin pēdīcō]]'') referred to sodomy and ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/irrumo#Latin irrumō]]'' and ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fello#Latin fēllō]]'' referred to fellatio - hence the infamous line "pēdīcābō ego vōs et irrumābō" ("I will ass-fuck you and face-fuck you") from [[Literature/CatulliCarmen16 Catullus 16]].\\
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Interestingly, although ''fellatio'' is considered a comparatively "polite" term in English, it descends from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fellatio#Latin fēllātiō]]'', which - as you no doubt already guessed - in turn is derived from the above ''fēllō''. Its coordinate term ''cunnilingus'', though also "polite" in English, was ''extremely'' obscene [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunnilingus#Latin in Latin]]; it literally translates as ''cunt-licker'', being a compound of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunnus#Latin cunnus]]'' (''cunt'') and ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lingo#Latin lingō]]'' (''lick''). (''Cunnilingus'' originally meant a person who performed oral sex on a clitoris or vulva in English, but shifted to its current meaning sometime in the twentieth century. Although ''cunnus'' and ''cunt'' sound like cognates, {{Cunning Linguist}}s have yet to conclusively establish a relationship, as the etymology of ''cunnus'' remains unclear; some linguists have suggested both obscenities may be related to the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cuneus#Latin cuneus]]'', meaning ''wedge'', but this is not unanimously accepted. ''Cunning'', while we're at it, is etymologically unrelated; it descends from the Old English ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunnan#Old_English cunnan]]'', meaning ''to know how'' or ''to be able''.)\\
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However, a lot of other "polite" or medical terms in English were similarly not particularly obscene in Latin. ''Penis'' comes directly from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penis#Latin pēnis]]'', which could also figuratively mean ''lust'' (''pēnis'' also had an archaic meaning of ''tail''; ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cauda#Latin cauda]]'' came to replace it). ''Testicle'' is derived from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testiculus testiculus]]'', the diminuitive of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testis testis]]'', which either meant ''testicle'' or ''one who testifies or attests''. (In other words, ''testicle'' and ''testify'' have the same etymological root. Isn't language ''fun''?) ''Vulva'' and ''vagina'' also both come directly from Latin, although interestingly, ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vulva#Latin vulva]]'' referred to the internal genitalia and the womb in Latin, but it's used exclusively for the external genitalia in English. ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vagina#Latin Vagina]]'' originally meant ''sheath'' or ''hull'' in Latin, but by medieval times, it also acquired its anatomical meaning. Note that the English medical usage of ''vagina'' refers exclusively to the internal genitalia, but colloquially it can mean the external genitalia as well. And now that we've made ''genitalia'' stop sounding like a word, we'll note that it comes from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitalia#Latin genitālia]]'', the nominative neuter plural of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitalis#Latin genitālis]]'' ("of or related to generation or birth"). ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uterus#Latin Uterus]]'' also comes directly from Latin. ''Labium'' and its more common plural ''labia'' likewise come [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/labium#Latin from Latin]], in which they meant ''lip'' or ''axle''. ''Clitoris'', on the other hand, comes from the Ancient Greek ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek κλειτορῐ́ς]]'' (''kleitorís''), though it was absorbed into post-classical Latin sometime in the sixteenth century.\\
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As is to be expected, Wiki/ThatOtherWiki has ''a lot'' more info on [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_obscenity Latin obscenity]].[[/labelnote]]
* A preview video for ''Eternal'' 1.3 has the phrase "imperátrícés cónstituunt malás amantés", which translates as "Empresses make bad lovers," in Leela's login screen for "[[https://youtu.be/nY_Bp-RVNHA?lc=UgzMoFFbL9nfcb6e41x4AaABAg Where Giants Have Fallen]]". She has a corresponding logoff screen saying "débés tuum imperium vénumdare", which translates roughly as "You should put your empire on sale." These messages are not actually directed at the player, but are an oblique way of signalling her suspicions that [[spoiler:Hathor has somehow become the Pfhor Empress]]. They also double as a ShoutOut to Music/FleetwoodMac's "[[Music/{{Rumours}} Gold Dust Woman]]", which contains the lines "Rulers make bad lovers/You'd better put your kingdom up for sale."
[[/folder]]

[[folder:Others]]
* ''Phoenix'' has the level "Sanctum sanctorum"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Sānctum sānctōrum[[/labelnote]] ("Holy of Holies").[[labelnote:Long linguistic digression]][[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctum_sanctorum According to That Other Wiki]], this in turn originated as a slight mistranslation of a Hebrew term קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים (Qṓḏeš [=HaqQ=]ŏḏāšîm) used in the Hebrew Bible to refers to the inner sanctuary of the Tabernacle in which God's presence appeared; the correct translation would have been "Sancta sanctorum" ("Holies of Holies"), which is simply the plural of "Sanctum sanctorum". However, "Sanctum sanctorum" has been far more commonly used in English-language writings for centuries (Romance languages have tended to use the plural). Part of the confusion may have been that the Hebrew term came to Latin by way of the ancient Greek “ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων” (hágion tōn hagíōn, literally "Holy of the Holies"), which appears in the Greek New Testament and is rendered in the Vulgate - quite accurately - as "sanctum sanctorum".\\
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The King James Version always renders the phrase "sanctum sanctorum" as "Most Holy Place," incidentally, which may be more faithful to the spirit of the original Hebrew phrase than a literal translation, since it is intended to express a superlative; similar phrases appear throughout Hebrew scriptures as "servant of servants" (Gen 9:25), "Sabbath of Sabbaths" (Ex 31:15), "God of gods" (Deut 10:17), "Vanity of vanities" (Eccl 1:2), "Song of Songs" (Song of Songs 1:1), "King of Kings" (Ezra 7:12), and others.\\
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More on the phrase [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_of_Holies here]].[[/labelnote]]
* The level name "Sic friat crustulum" from ''Origin of Species'' literally translates as "Thus Crumbles the Cookie," a loose rendering of the idiom "[[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/that%27s%20the%20way%20the%20cookie%20crumbles That's the way the cookie crumbles]]."
* ''Gemini Station'' has three examples in its level titles:
** "In partibus infidelium"[[labelnote:With macrons]]In partibus īnfidēlium[[/labelnote]] means "In the Parts of the Infidels" or "In the Lands of the Unbelievers".
** "taurus ≈ torus" is derived from Latin words that can mean "[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taurus#Latin bull]]" and "[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/torus#Latin ring]]", respectively (both have several other meanings). The map writing is subtitled "The Bull Ring", and the level is in fact ring-shaped. ("Taurus", always seen with a capital T, is only used in English to refer to a bull-shaped constellation, a sign of the Zodiac, and an automobile; "torus" is used in English with several meanings.)
** "Aquae perturbae" is probably intended to mean "[[Music/BridgeOverTroubledWater Troubled Waters]]", but is slightly grammatically incorrect; the correct form would be "Aquae perturbatae"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Aquae perturbātae[[/labelnote]].
* ''Marathon Apotheosis'':
** Noah provides several examples in the final level, "Gravin Threndor":
*** "DeusExMachina"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Deus ex māchinā - note that, since "ex" is usually followed by the ablative case, it's māchinā rather than māchina[[/labelnote]] (found in the login), of course, means "God out of the machine".
*** "Fiat justicia ruat caelum"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Fīat jūsticia ruat caelum[[/labelnote]] means "Let justice be done, though the heavens fall," or "Let there be justice, though the heavens fall." A common [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_justitia_ruat_caelum Latin legal phrase]], although more often seen rendered as "Fīat jūstitia ruat caelum" (both spellings are correct; ''iūstitia'' is also correct, and ''caelum'' may also be seen as ''cælum''). This exact phrase appears to have originated in the 17th century and is used to signify that there must be justice, regardless of the consequences.
*** "Machina angelorum sunt"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Māchina angelōrum sunt[[/labelnote]] (found in the logoff) appears to be intended to mean either "The machines are of angels" or "The machine is of angels" - the former would be "Māchinae angelōrum sunt", whereas the latter would be "Māchina angelōrum est."[[labelnote:Grammatical digression]]''Sunt'' is the third-person plural of ''sum'', ''I am'', whereas ''est'' is the third-person singular. In all likelihood, the confusion was a result of ''angelōrum'' being plural and ''māchina'' singular. Since ''angelōrum'' is in the genitive case, "māchina angelōrum sunt" appears to translate literally as "The machine are of angels."[[/labelnote]]
** From the secret credits terminal in "Gravin Threndor": "Contra Felicem, vix deus vires habet"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Contrā Fēlīcem, vix deus vīrēs habet[[/labelnote]]: "Against a lucky man, a god scarcely has power." A [[https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lsante01/Publilius/pub_sent.html#c quotation]] from the ''Sententiae'' ([[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sententia essentially, proverbs or aphorisms]]) by [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publilius_Syrus Publilius Syrus]].
* ''Trojan'' has a level entitled "Non dormit, qui custodit,"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Nōn dormit, quī cū̆stōdit[[/labelnote]] which translates roughly to "Anyone who guards does not sleep," or, slightly less literally, "A guardian does not sleep."[[note]](The latter could be expressed more literally and succinctly as "Cū̆stōs nōn dormit.")[[/note]]
* This tendency has extended even to the third-party utilities used to create scenarios. The tool [[https://sourceforge.net/projects/igniferroque/ Atque]], used as a replacement for Forge's "merge map" function, is quite cleverly derived from a Latin word meaning roughly "[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atque and also]]". It's part of a library called "Igni ferroque", which means "With Fire and Sword" (see the entry on "Ingue Ferroque" in the ''Marathon'' folder above for more on this).
[[/folder]]

** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vale#Latin Valé]] (seen at the end of every message from either Custóde or Praeside), as mentioned above, means "farewell." "Avé atque valé", seen in Custódis final message to the player, means "Hail and farewell" or "I salute you, and goodbye", and is a ShoutOut to [[Creator/Catullus Catulli]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catullus_101 Carmen 101]] (see ShoutOut.{{Marathon}} for more).

* Marcus' diary is accompanied by map annotations in untranslated Latin, although many of the meanings are probably fairly obvious.
** "Foris aperítur"[[note]]The creators of ''Eternal'' have opted to use acute accents to represent apices, because the Mac-Roman character set employed by Aleph One does not include macrons[[/note]] = "Door opens"
** "VII cellulae fúsiónis & chronicon Márcí pars II" = "7 fusion batteries & Marcus' diary, part 2"
** "Portae démissae sunt" = "Gates are down"
** "VIII cellulae fúsiónis & chronicon Márcí pars III" = "8 fusion batteries & Marcus' diary, part 3"
** "Suggestus activus est" = "Platform is active"
** "V cellulae fúsiónis" = "5 fusion batteries"
** "I tormentum fúsiónis dé classe Úranó" = "1 Ouranos-class fusion cannon"
** "Nuntius Hathóris, VII cellulae fúsiónis, & II pistolae fúsiónis dé classe Crone" = "Hathor's message, 7 fusion batteries, & 2 Cronus-class fusion pistols"
* A [[https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/691755375329804318/915890641156857894/unknown.png Weland screenshot]] of "Remedial Chaos Theory" (the replacement for "Unwired") posted to the co-director's Website/{{YouTube}} channel (see [[https://youtu.be/CAfdb_EwhTY video description]]) has map writing saying, "Nōn obligās habilitāre lūcem rubeam." This is GratuitousLatin for "You don't have to put on the red light," a line from Music/ThePolice's song "Roxanne" - which is played something like six or seven times in the ''Community'' episode "[[Recap/CommunityS3E04RemedialChaosTheory Remedial Chaos Theory]]", which gives the level its name (see ShoutOut.{{Marathon}} for more). A more literal translation would be "You're not obligated to empower the red light" - the Police's idiomatic use of "put on the red light" is difficult to render accurately in Latin.
* The creators have also translated the titles of dream levels and every level of chapter five into Latin, although currently, most levels have titles in both English and Latin. ("Haec caverna nón fórmátió nátúrális est" is in Latin only due to a character limit on map titles.) Usually, they're fairly literal translations, but occasionally the creators took artistic liberties:

* A [[https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/691755375329804318/915890641156857894/unknown.png Weland screenshot]] of "Remedial Chaos Theory" (the replacement for "Unwired") posted to the co-director's Website/{{YouTube}} channel (see [[https://youtu.be/CAfdb_EwhTY video description]]) has map writing saying, "Nōn obligās habilitāre lūcem rubeam." This is GratuitousLatin for "You don't have to put on the red light," a line from Music/ThePolice's song "Roxanne" - which is played something like six or seven times in the ''Community'' episode "[[https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Recap/CommunityS3E04RemedialChaosTheory Remedial Chaos Theory]]", which gives the level its name (see ShoutOut.{{Marathon}} for more). A more literal translation would be "You're not obligated to empower the red light" - the Police's idiomatic use of "put on the red light" is difficult to render accurately in Latin.

* A [[https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/691755375329804318/915890641156857894/unknown.png
Weland screenshot]] of "Remedial Chaos Theory" from 1.3 posted to the co-director's Website/{{YouTube}} channel (see [[https://youtu.be/CAfdb_EwhTY video description]]) has map writing saying, "Nōn obligās habilitāre lūcem rubeam." This is GratuitousLatin for "You don't have to put on the red light," a line from Music/ThePolice's song "Roxanne" - which is played something like six or seven times in the ''Community'' episode "[[https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Recap/CommunityS3E04RemedialChaosTheory Remedial Chaos Theory]]". See GratuitousLatin.{{Marathon}} for more.
* The creators have also translated the titles of dream levels and every level of chapter five into Latin, although currently, most levels seem to have titles in both English and Latin. ("Haec caverna nón fórmátió nátúrális est" is in Latin only due to a character limit on map titles.) Usually, they are fairly literal translations, but occasionally the creators took artistic liberties:

* A preview video for ''Eternal'' 1.3 has the phrase "imperátrícés cónstituunt malás amantés"[[note]]The creators of ''Eternal'' have opted to use acute accents to represent apices, because the Mac-Roman character set employed by Aleph One does not include macrons[[/note]], which translates as "Empresses make bad lovers," in Leela's login screen for "[[https://youtu.be/nY_Bp-RVNHA?lc=UgzMoFFbL9nfcb6e41x4AaABAg Where Giants Have Fallen]]". She has a corresponding logoff screen saying "débés tuum imperium vénumdare", which translates roughly as "You should put your empire on sale." These messages are not actually directed at the player, but are an oblique way of signalling her suspicions that [[spoiler:Hathor has somehow become the Pfhor Empress]]. They also double as a ShoutOut to Music/FleetwoodMac's "[[Music/{{Rumours}} Gold Dust Woman]]", which contains the lines "Rulers make bad lovers/You'd better put your kingdom up for sale."
* Chapter five in general contains quite a few phrases of untranslated Latin throughout its terminals, as seen [[https://youtu.be/6LwxosRoBPw here]] - basically, anything where the machine translator wasn't sure how to translate a term in previous versions of chapter five is Latin now (although the creators have attempted to use mostly familiar-looking words). The terminals also attempt to follow what the plausible Latin declensions of each term would have been in context. The implication appears to be that the AIs spoke Latin as their native language, and are not fully able to translate to English due to their damaged functionality. Some words that appear frequently, although this is by no means (yet) an exhaustive list:
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arx#Latin Arx]] – fortress (''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arca#Latin arca]]'', which is cognate to ''arx'', is the linguistic ancestor of our word ''ark'')
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inimicus#Latin Inimícus]] – enemy (its direct linguistic descendant via the Old French ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enemi#Old_French enemi]]'')
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/somnium#Latin Somnium]] – dream (the English terms ''somniferous'' and ''somnolent'', [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*swep- amongst others]], are derived from the same root)[[note]]Strangely, linguists believe that the English terms ''sopor'' and ''soporific'' are also ultimately derived from the same root; they hypothesise the Proto-Indo-European ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swep- *swep-]]'', meaning ''to sleep'', as the root of all of them[[/note]]
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/custos#Latin Custós]] – watcher (the derivative ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/custodia#Latin custōdia]]'' is the linguistic ancestor of our word ''custodian'')[[note]]''Cū̆stōs'' is a relatively familiar Latin word anyway, due to the famous Creator/{{Juvenal}} quote "Quis cū̆stōdiet ipsōs cū̆stōdēs?", meaning "Who will watch the watchmen themselves?", popularised in works like ''ComicBook/{{Watchmen}}''. ''Cū̆stōdēs'' is the plural of ''cū̆stōs'' in the accusative, nominative, and vocative cases[[/note]]
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praeses#Latin Praeses]] – guardian (our word ''president'' is descended from the related term ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praesidens#Latin praesidēns]]''; both are derivatives of the verb ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praesideo#Latin praesideō]]'')
** [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nova#Latin nova]] [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praematurus#Latin praemátúra]] – early nova [[spoiler:(which - in ''Eternal''[='=]s timeline, to be clear, and not in Bungie's trilogy - was the original Jjaro name for what the Pfhor later renamed the ''trih xeem'' to obscure the Jjaro's origins)]].
* As of 1.3, the map annotations on "[[https://youtu.be/cBnQdLNKWug?t=3480 Deep Into the Grotto]]" are in untranslated Latin, although their meaning is probably not very difficult to puzzle out, since there are close English linguistic descendants of every word used in the annotations:
** Príma memoria computátrí = First computer memory
** Secunda memoria computátrí = Second computer memory
** Tertia memoria computátrí = Third computer memory
** Quárta memoria computátrí = Fourth computer memory
** Quínta memoria computátrí = Fifth computer memory
** Sexta memoria computátrí = Sixth computer memory
** Septima memoria computátrí = Seventh computer memory

As is to be expected, Wiki/ThatOtherWiki has ''a lot'' more info on [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_obscenity Latin obscenity]].]]

As is to be expected, Wiki/ThatOtherWiki has ''a lot'' more info on [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_obscenity Latin obscenity]].

* Hathor says "''aut futue, aut pugnémus''" in "[[https://youtu.be/lRA3MFW6Anw?t=715 We Met Once in the Garden]]". This translates roughly as "[[spoiler:Either fuck me, or let's fight]]" and is a verbatim quotation from Martial's ''Epigrams'' 11:20, which the co-director describes as "really quite a nasty piece of propaganda", but also notes as fitting Hathor's mood and the level's Latin subtitle perfectly. (It also qualifies as SophisticatedAsHell due to the Latin PrecisionFStrike.)[[labelnote:Further digressions on the translation of this phrase and Latin obscenity more broadly; Cluster F-Bomb, CountryMatters, and explicit descriptions of sex acts are inevitable]]Since Latin obscenity is substantially more precise than English obscenity, Hathor's Martial quote can be translated more literally, though less poetically, as something like "Either fuck my pussy, or let's fight". The verb ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/futuo#Latin futuō]]'' refers specifically to vaginal intercourse and has a distinction between its active and passive voices; a ''futūtor'' (man who fucks, or fucker) would typically say ''futuō'' (I fuck), while a ''futūtrix'' (woman who fucks, or fuckee, if you will) would typically say ''futuor'' (I am fucked), perhaps unless she took an unusually active role in the ''futūtiō'' (act of fucking). Hence, the command ''futue'' means ''fuck'' (more exactly, ''fuck in the pussy''); the command ''futuere'' would mean ''be fucked'' (more exactly, ''be fucked in the pussy''; note that ''futuere'' is also the active present infinitive meaning ''to fuck in the pussy'').\\

* Hathor says "''aut futue, aut pugnémus''" in "[[https://youtu.be/lRA3MFW6Anw?t=715 We Met Once in the Garden]]". This translates roughly as "[[spoiler:Either fuck me, or let's fight]]" and is a verbatim quotation from Martial's ''Epigrams'' 11:20, which the co-director describes as "really quite a nasty piece of propaganda", but also notes as fitting Hathor's mood and the level's Latin subtitle perfectly. (It also qualifies as SophisticatedAsHell due to the Latin PrecisionFStrike.)[[labelnote:Further digressions on Latin obscenity with inevitable Cluster F-Bomb, CountryMatters, and explicit descriptions of sex acts]]Since Latin obscenity is substantially more precise than English obscenity, Hathor's Martial quote can be translated more literally, though less poetically, as something like "Either fuck my pussy, or let's fight". The verb ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/futuo#Latin futuō]]'' is used specifically to refer to vaginal sex, and it has a distinction between its active and passive voices; a ''futūtor'' (man who fucks, or fucker) would typically say ''futuō'' (I fuck), while a ''futūtrix'' (woman who fucks, or fuckee, if you will) would typically say ''futuor'' (I am fucked) unless she took an unusually active role in the ''futūtiō'' (act of fucking). Hence, the command ''futue'' means ''fuck'' (more exactly, ''fuck in the pussy''); the command ''futuere'' would mean ''be fucked'' (more exactly, ''be fucked in the pussy''; note that ''futuere'' is also the active present infinitive meaning ''to fuck in the pussy'').\\

Also, ''futuō'' was usually used in erotic contexts and typically not for insult or emphasis the way the word ''fuck'' is in English; attempting to translate ''fuck you'' literally using forms of ''futuō'' might translate as a come-on (''futue'' or ''futuere'' could be read as offering to fuck the listener, or as expressing hopes that they have a good time), or as completely nonsensical: ''fuck yourself'' could be translated as ''futue tē ipsum'' (to a man), ''futue tē ipsam'' (to a woman), ''futuite vōs ipsās'' (to a group of women), or ''futuite vōs ipsōs'' (to a group of men or mixed gender) - but how can one fuck ''oneself'' in the pussy? However, other obscenities referred to other kinds of sex and could be substantially more insulting; for example, ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paedico#Latin paedīcō]]'' (or ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pedico#Latin pēdīcō]]'') referred to sodomy and ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/irrumo#Latin irrumō]]'' and ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fello#Latin fēllō]]'' referred to fellatio - hence the infamous line "pēdīcābō ego vōs et irrumābō" ("I will ass-fuck you and face-fuck you") from [[Literature/CatulliCarmen16 Catullus 16]].\\

Interestingly, although ''fellatio'' is considered a comparatively "polite" term in English, it descends from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fellatio#Latin fēllātiō]]'', which - as you no doubt already guessed - in turn is derived from the above ''fēllō''. Its coordinate term ''cunnilingus'' might also be "polite" in English, but it was ''extremely'' obscene [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunnilingus#Latin in Latin]]; it literally translates as ''cunt-licker'', being a compound of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunnus#Latin cunnus]]'' (''cunt'') and ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lingo#Latin lingō]]'' (''lick''). (''Cunnilingus'' originally meant a person who performed oral sex on a clitoris or vulva in English, but shifted to its current meaning sometime in the twentieth century. Although it sounds like ''cunnus'' and ''cunt'' should be cognates, {{Cunning Linguist}}s have yet to establish a relationship.)\\

On the other hand, a lot of other "polite" or medical terms in English were similarly not particularly obscene in Latin. ''Penis'' comes directly from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penis#Latin pēnis]]'', which could also figuratively mean ''lust'' (''pēnis'' also had an archaic meaning of ''tail''; ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cauda#Latin cauda]]'' came to replace it). ''Testicle'' is derived from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testiculus testiculus]]'', the diminuitive of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testis testis]]'', which either meant ''testicle'' or ''one who testifies or attests''. (In other words, ''testicle'' and ''testify'' have the same etymological root. Isn't language ''fun''?) ''Vulva'' and ''vagina'' also both come directly from Latin, although interestingly, ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vulva#Latin vulva]]'' referred to the internal genitalia and the womb in Latin, but it's used exclusively for the external genitalia in English. ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vagina#Latin Vagina]]'' originally meant ''sheath'' or ''hull'' in Latin, but by medieval times, it also acquired its anatomical meaning. Note that the English medical usage of ''vagina'' refers exclusively to the internal genitalia, but colloquially it can mean the external genitalia as well. And now that we've made ''genitalia'' stop sounding like a word, we'll note that it comes from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitalia#Latin genitālia]]'', the nominative neuter plural of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitalis#Latin genitālis]]'' ("of or related to generation or birth"). ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uterus#Latin Uterus]]'' also comes directly from Latin. ''Labium'' and its more common plural ''labia'' likewise come [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/labium#Latin from Latin]], in which they meant ''lip'' or ''axle''. ''Clitoris'', on the other hand, comes from the Ancient Greek ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek κλειτορῐ́ς]]'' (''kleitorís''), though it was absorbed into post-classical Latin sometime in the sixteenth century.\\

On the other hand, a lot of other "polite" or medical terms in English were similarly not particularly obscene in Latin. ''Penis'' comes directly from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penis#Latin pēnis]]'', which could also figuratively mean ''lust'' (''pēnis'' also had an archaic meaning of ''tail''; ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cauda#Latin cauda]]'' came to replace it). ''Testicle'' is derived from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testiculus testiculus]]'', the diminuitive of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testis testis]]'', which either meant ''testicle'' or ''one who testifies or attests''. (In other words, ''testicle'' and ''testify'' have the same etymological root. Isn't language ''fun''?) ''Vulva'' and ''vagina'' also both come directly from Latin, although interestingly, ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vulva#Latin vulva]]'' referred to the internal genitalia and the womb in Latin, but it's used exclusively for the external genitalia in English. ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vagina#Latin Vagina]]'' originally meant ''sheath'' or ''hull'' in Latin, but by medieval times, it also acquired its anatomical meaning. Note that the English medical usage of ''vagina'' refers exclusively to the internal genitalia, but colloquially it can mean the external genitalia as well. And now that we've made ''genitalia'' stop sounding like a word, we'll note that it comes from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitalia#Latin genitālia]]'', the nominative neuter plural of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitalis#Latin genitālis]]'' ("of or related to generation or birth"). ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uterus#Latin Uterus]]'' also comes directly from Latin. ''Labium'' and its more common plural ''labia'' likewise come [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/labium#Latin from Latin]], in which they meant ''lip'' or ''axle''. ''Clitoris'', on the other hand, comes from the Ancient Greek ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek κλειτορῐ́ς]]'' (''kleitorís''), though it was absorbed into post-classical Latin sometime in the sixteenth century.]]\\

* Hathor says "''aut futue, aut pugnémus''" in "[[https://youtu.be/lRA3MFW6Anw?t=715 We Met Once in the Garden]]". This translates roughly as "[[spoiler:Either fuck me, or let's fight]]" and is a verbatim quotation from Martial's ''Epigrams'' 11:20, which the co-director describes as "really quite a nasty piece of propaganda", but also notes as fitting Hathor's mood and the level's Latin subtitle perfectly. (It also qualifies as SophisticatedAsHell due to the Latin PrecisionFStrike.) We can make some further notes on Latin obscenity, which we have spoiler tagged due to the inevitable ClusterFBomb, CountryMatters, and explicit discussion of sexual acts:\\

[[spoiler:Since Latin obscenity is substantially more precise than English obscenity, Hathor's Martial quote can be translated more literally, though less poetically, as something like "Either fuck my pussy, or let's fight". The verb ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/futuo#Latin futuō]]'' is used specifically to refer to vaginal sex, and it has a distinction between its active and passive voices; a ''futūtor'' (man who fucks, or fucker) would typically say ''futuō'' (I fuck), while a ''futūtrix'' (woman who fucks, or fuckee, if you will) would typically say ''futuor'' (I am fucked) unless she took an unusually active role in the ''futūtiō'' (act of fucking). Hence, the command ''futue'' means ''fuck'' (more exactly, ''fuck in the pussy''); the command ''futuere'' would mean ''be fucked'' (more exactly, ''be fucked in the pussy''; note that ''futuere'' is also the active present infinitive meaning ''to fuck in the pussy'').]]\\

[[spoiler:Also, ''futuō'' was usually used in erotic contexts and typically not for insult or emphasis the way the word ''fuck'' is in English; attempting to translate ''fuck you'' literally using forms of ''futuō'' might translate as a come-on (''futue'' or ''futuere'' could be read as offering to fuck the listener, or as expressing hopes that they have a good time), or as completely nonsensical: ''fuck yourself'' could be translated as ''futue tē ipsum'' (to a man), ''futue tē ipsam'' (to a woman), ''futuite vōs ipsās'' (to a group of women), or ''futuite vōs ipsōs'' (to a group of men or mixed gender) - but how can one fuck ''oneself'' in the pussy? However, other obscenities referred to other kinds of sex and could be substantially more insulting; for example, ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paedico#Latin paedīcō]]'' (or ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pedico#Latin pēdīcō]]'') referred to sodomy and ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/irrumo#Latin irrumō]]'' and ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fello#Latin fēllō]]'' referred to fellatio - hence the infamous line "pēdīcābō ego vōs et irrumābō" ("I will ass-fuck you and face-fuck you") from [[Literature/CatulliCarmen16 Catullus 16]].]]\\

[[spoiler:Interestingly, although ''fellatio'' is considered a comparatively "polite" term in English, it descends from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fellatio#Latin fēllātiō]]'', which - as you no doubt already guessed - in turn is derived from the above ''fēllō''. Its coordinate term ''cunnilingus'' might also be "polite" in English, but it was ''extremely'' obscene [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunnilingus#Latin in Latin]]; it literally translates as ''cunt-licker'', being a compound of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunnus#Latin cunnus]]'' (''cunt'') and ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lingo#Latin lingō]]'' (''lick''). (''Cunnilingus'' originally meant a person who performed oral sex on a clitoris or vulva in English, but shifted to its current meaning sometime in the twentieth century. Although it sounds like ''cunnus'' and ''cunt'' should be cognates, {{Cunning Linguist}}s have yet to establish a relationship.)]]\\

[[spoiler:On the other hand, a lot of other "polite" or medical terms in English were similarly not particularly obscene in Latin. ''Penis'' comes directly from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penis#Latin pēnis]]'', which could also figuratively mean ''lust'' (''pēnis'' also had an archaic meaning of ''tail''; ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cauda#Latin cauda]]'' came to replace it). ''Testicle'' is derived from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testiculus testiculus]]'', the diminuitive of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testis testis]]'', which either meant ''testicle'' or ''one who testifies or attests''. (In other words, ''testicle'' and ''testify'' have the same etymological root. Isn't language ''fun''?) ''Vulva'' and ''vagina'' also both come directly from Latin, although interestingly, ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vulva#Latin vulva]]'' referred to the internal genitalia and the womb in Latin, but it's used exclusively for the external genitalia in English. ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vagina#Latin Vagina]]'' originally meant ''sheath'' or ''hull'' in Latin, but by medieval times, it also acquired its anatomical meaning. Note that the English medical usage of ''vagina'' refers exclusively to the internal genitalia, but colloquially it can mean the external genitalia as well. And now that we've made ''genitalia'' stop sounding like a word, we'll note that it comes from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitalia#Latin genitālia]]'', the nominative neuter plural of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitalis#Latin genitālis]]'' ("of or related to generation or birth"). ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uterus#Latin Uterus]]'' also comes directly from Latin. ''Labium'' and its more common plural ''labia'' likewise come [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/labium#Latin from Latin]], in which they meant ''lip'' or ''axle''. ''Clitoris'', on the other hand, comes from the Ancient Greek ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek κλειτορῐ́ς]]'' (''kleitorís''), though it was absorbed into post-classical Latin sometime in the sixteenth century.]]\\
\\

[[spoiler:Interestingly, although ''fellatio'' is considered a comparatively "polite" term in English, it descends from the Latin ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fellatio#Latin fēllātiō]]'', which - as you no doubt already guessed - in turn is derived from the above ''fēllō''. Its coordinate term ''cunnilingus'' might also be "polite" in English, but it was ''extremely'' obscene [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunnilingus#Latin in Latin]]; it literally translates as ''cunt-licker'', being a compound of ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunnus#Latin cunnus]]'' (''cunt'') and ''[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lingo#Latin lingō]]'' (''lick''). (''Cunnilingus'' originally meant a person who performed oral sex on a clitoris or vulva in English, but shifted to its current meaning sometime in the twentieth century. Although it sounds like ''cunnus'' and ''cunt'' should be cognates, [cunning] linguists have yet to establish a relationship.)]]\\

* Hathor says "''aut futue, aut pugnémus''" in "[[https://youtu.be/lRA3MFW6Anw?t=715 We Met Once in the Garden]]". This translates roughly as "[[spoiler:Either fuck me, or let's fight]]" and is a verbatim quotation from Martial's ''Epigrams'' 11:20, which the co-director describes as "really quite a nasty piece of propaganda", but also notes as fitting Hathor's mood and the level's Latin subtitle perfectly. We can make some further notes on Latin obscenity, which we have spoiler tagged due to the inevitable ClusterFBomb, CountryMatters, and explicit discussion of sexual acts:\\

[[/folder]]

[[folder:Others]]
* ''Phoenix'' has the level "Sanctum sanctorum"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Sānctum sānctōrum[[/labelnote]] ("Holy of Holies").[[labelnote:Long linguistic digression]][[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctum_sanctorum According to That Other Wiki]], this in turn originated as a slight mistranslation of a Hebrew term קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים (Qṓḏeš [=HaqQ=]ŏḏāšîm) used in the Hebrew Bible to refers to the inner sanctuary of the Tabernacle in which God's presence appeared; the correct translation would have been "Sancta sanctorum" ("Holies of Holies"), which is simply the plural of "Sanctum sanctorum". However, "Sanctum sanctorum" has been far more commonly used in English-language writings for centuries (Romance languages have tended to use the plural). Part of the confusion may have been that the Hebrew term came to Latin by way of the ancient Greek “ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων” (hágion tōn hagíōn, literally "Holy of the Holies"), which appears in the Greek New Testament and is rendered in the Vulgate - quite accurately - as "sanctum sanctorum".\\

The King James Version always renders the phrase "sanctum sanctorum" as "Most Holy Place," incidentally, which may be more faithful to the spirit of the original Hebrew phrase than a literal translation, since it is intended to express a superlative; similar phrases appear throughout Hebrew scriptures as "servant of servants" (Gen 9:25), "Sabbath of Sabbaths" (Ex 31:15), "God of gods" (Deut 10:17), "Vanity of vanities" (Eccl 1:2), "Song of Songs" (Song of Songs 1:1), "King of Kings" (Ezra 7:12), and others.\\

*** "Machina angelorum sunt"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Māchina angelōrum sunt[[/labelnote]] (found in the logoff) appears to be intended to mean either "The machines are of angels" or "The machine is of angels" - the former would be "Māchinae aneglōrum sunt", whereas the latter would be "Māchina angelōrum est."[[labelnote:Grammatical digression]]''Sunt'' is the third-person plural of ''sum'', ''I am'', whereas ''est'' is the third-person singular. In all likelihood, the confusion was a result of ''angelōrum'' being plural and ''māchina'' singular. Since ''angelōrum'' is in the genitive case, "māchina angelōrum sunt" appears to translate literally as "The machine are of angels."[[/labelnote]]

** Line-by-line, the Latin phrases mean “Year 2020, [[spoiler:I will sodomise you and face-fuck you]]” (a quotation from [[Literature/CatulliCarmen16 Catullus’ Carmen 16]], regarded as one of the most obscene lines ever written in any language, which makes it an example of a SophisticatedAsHell ShoutOut and a PrecisionFStrike); “Created by”; “Beginning June 2020” (“Init.” is an abbreviation of “Initium”); “End February 2021” (“Fīn.” is an abbreviation of “Fīnis”); “I give thanks to”; and “in memory of”. (The people thanked are one of ''Tempus''’ two primary mapmakers, the main mapmaker of ''Phoenix'', and one of Aleph One’s developers; the level is a pastiche of the former two’s styles, while the Aleph One dev provided understanding of the engine’s technical limitations.) Devon Belcher was a philosophy professor and a member of Nardo who constructed several levels of ''Tempus Irae 2: The Lost Levels''. Duncan was the creator’s dog. The creator’s Website/{{YouTube}} video description indicates that the Creator/{{Catullus}} ShoutOut was partially inspired by “Yucatan Dive” from ''[[http://simplici7y.com/items/imperium Imperium]]'', which originally had “Fuck 2016” written on the map; the most recent release has “2016” crossed out and “2020” written beside it.

** Line-by-line, the Latin phrases mean “Year 2020, [[spoiler:I will sodomise you and face-fuck you]]” (a quotation from [[Literature/CatulliCarmen16 Catullus’ Carmen 16]], regarded as one of the most obscene lines ever written in any language, which makes it an example of a SophisticatedAsHell ShoutOut and a PrecisionFStrike); “Created by”; “Beginning June 2020” (“Init.” is an abbreviation of “Initium”); “End February 2021” (“Fīn.” is an abbreviation of “Fīnis”); “I give thanks to”; and “in memory of”. Devon Belcher was a philosophy professor and a member of Nardo who constructed several levels of ''Tempus Irae 2: The Lost Levels''. Duncan was the creator’s dog. The creator’s Website/{{YouTube}} video description indicates that the Creator/{{Catullus}} ShoutOut was partially inspired by “Yucatan Dive” from ''[[http://simplici7y.com/items/imperium Imperium]]'', which originally had “Fuck 2016” written on the map; the most recent release has “2016” crossed out and “2020” written beside it.

* ''Gemini Station'' has two examples:

** "Fraternus carnifex"[[labelnote:With macrons]]Frāternus carnifex[[/labelnote]]: "Fraternal Butcher".

* The creators also appear to be throwing around the idea of translating the titles of dream levels and every level of chapter five into Latin, although currently, most levels seem to have titles in both English and Latin. ("Haec caverna nón fórmátió nátúrális est" is in Latin only due to a character limit on map titles.) Usually, they are fairly literal translations, but occasionally the creators took artistic liberties:

** Décipula praesidí = The Ensurance Trap (literally "The Trap of Assistance"; uses an archaic dative form of ''praesidium'', only used until the Augustan Age, to duplicate the effect of the archaic spelling ''Ensurance'')