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RadicalTaoist scratching at .8, just hopin' from the #GUniverse Since: Jan, 2001
scratching at .8, just hopin'
#1: Sep 7th 2011 at 8:12:25 AM

The Cognitive Neuroscience of Liberals and Conservatives

Interesting read. TLDR version: multiple studies with different methodologies suggest (not find, suggest) a correlation of liberalism with anterior cingulate cortex development and of conservatism with right amygdala development. And no, they haven't solved the nature vs. nurture question of whether the brain pushes you more to a political affiliation, or if choosing a certain political affiliation shapes your brain.

Highlights:

Does brain structure determine your beliefs, or do your beliefs change your brain structure? What about those who switch parties at some point? How do they fit in to this model? We’ll be discussing all of this. It’s a complicated issue with lots of variables in play, so we’re going to take a pretty deep look into this topic from all angles, so we can draw the most accurate conclusions.

Please keep in mind from the beginning that this is not an endorsement of any one political party. This is science—we’ll just be discussing the data. Ready?

The obvious question we should be asking first is: What does it mean to be liberal or conservative? As a nation, we have been through wars, major financial crises, human rights revolutions, and during each of these significant historical events, the core values or prominent issues backed by the liberal and conservative party seem to change somewhat. Because of this, it wouldn’t be accurate to say a liberal 50 years ago looks the same as a liberal today. So can we really say there is a liberal or conservative “thinking style” if the issues paramount to each party are always evolving? Actually, I think we can. Really, it isn’t so much the specific issue that defines the thinking style, it’s the preference for either stability or change. Depending on the current events, this can mean very different things.

There was a recent article in the Guardian titled, “What does it mean to be a liberal?” in which liberalism is described as adaptability to a changing environment. If you look at liberalism as adaptability, and conservativism as stability, the party reactions to various events such as gay marriage (liberals want acceptance and change to new ways of thinking, conservatives want stability of previously held values), war (liberals are willing to adapt to shifting world views, while conservatives see war as a means of “preserving the stability of the homeland”), or even the current financial crisis—all make perfect sense.

Now, think back to the neuro data.

Remember, the Kanai study found a correlation between increased volume of the right amygdala and the tendency to identify with the conservative party. A recent unrelated study [PDF] of emotion regulation strategies and brain responses showed that there is specific lateralization of brain activation depending on the type of regulation strategy employed. Translation: Using reappraisal strategies—sometimes thought of as “intellectualizing” or cognitive reevaluation—activated the left side of the amygdala, while emotional suppression of visible behaviors and feelings activated the right side.

In order for a person to embrace a cause or idea, it needs to be meaningful for them. Each type of person has a different way that they assign meaning and relevance to ideas. Let’s take liberals and conservatives, since we are theorizing that they are two distinct thinking styles: liberals would be more flexible and reliant on data, proof, and analytic reasoning, and conservatives are more inflexible (prefer stability), emotion-driven, and connect themselves intimately with their ideas, making those beliefs a crucial part of their identity (we see this in more high-empathy-expressing individuals). This fits in with the whole “family values” platform of the conservative party, and also why we see more religious folks that identify as conservatives, and more skeptics, agnostics, and atheists that are liberal. Religious people are more unshakable in their belief of a higher power, and non-religious people are more open to alternate explanations, i.e., don’t rely on faith alone.

NOW, BEFORE YOU ACCUSE THIS PIECE OF STEREOTYPING, READ ITS DISCLAIMERS. Use the find command (Command-F for macs, ctrl-F for windows) to search for "This is wicked important!", the section where the author acknowledges:

  1. The brain is plastic
  2. Not everyone fits into little personality boxes
  3. Political affiliation is a choice
  4. People tend to join networks of peers that are like themselves, regardless of specific political issues

So, those objections are already granted.

Tell me tropers, what do you think? Do you think the use of neurology to analyze political behaviour is helpful? Do you think these findings are accurate? Do you think there's a danger in mixing neurological analysis and political orientations?

edited 7th Sep '11 8:12:46 AM by RadicalTaoist

Share it so that people can get into this conversation, 'cause we're not the only ones who think like this.
Shichibukai Permanently Banned from Banland Since: Oct, 2011
Permanently Banned
#2: Sep 7th 2011 at 8:54:54 AM

So you know what this means? Yep—each side is going to have to recognize that not everyone thinks like them, processes information like them, or values the same types of things.

Well, I think that using neurology to analyse political beliefs is a step forward in political psychology, but it can also be abused horrifically. Imagine a set of political views being branded as a symptom of mental illness or otherwise being marginalised on the basis of such research.

edited 7th Sep '11 9:02:45 AM by Shichibukai

Requiem ~ September 2010 - October 2011 [Banned 4 Life]
Karmakin Moar and Moar and Moar Since: Aug, 2009
Moar and Moar and Moar
#3: Sep 7th 2011 at 9:50:28 AM

I mean what we're basically talking about here is philosophical first causes, if you think about it. That's what basically stuff like this is going to tell us. The whole idea of change vs. stability is one way to look at it. I happen to think that those first causes are quite wrong to be honest. Political philosophies simply don't really flow from those first causes. (Liberals are looking for stability in some things and change in others, and same with Conservatives).

I personally think a better way to look at the first causes is cooperation vs. competition. While not perfect, I think that modern political philosophies are much neater when the first causes are viewed along this spectrum. "Liberals" value cooperation and "Conservatives" value competition. I use quotes for the two tags, because to be honest I think neither term is accurate for the political worldview that they are labeled with. (I use Progressive and Movement Conservative not so much in terms of political philosophy but in terms of group identification)

The cooperation worldview sees that people are motivated by a desire to have a valued place in their community. The competitive worldview sees that people are motivated by a desire to succeed or to not fail, and in order to foster this you need to make sure that the successful people are rewarded and the not-successful people really are punished for failing.

Democracy is the process in which we determine the government that we deserve
MilosStefanovic Decemberist from White City, Ruritania Since: Oct, 2010
Decemberist
#4: Sep 7th 2011 at 10:04:47 AM

I think that there are no hard categories, but a person's brain structure and personality can definitely influence their political beliefs.

The sin of silence when they should protest makes cowards of men.
Deboss I see the Awesomeness. from Awesomeville Texas Since: Aug, 2009
I see the Awesomeness.
#5: Sep 7th 2011 at 10:50:17 AM

Yep—each side is going to have to recognize that not everyone thinks like them, processes information like them, or values the same types of things.

The phrase "no shit Sherlock" comes to mind.

Fight smart, not fair.
YoungMachete from Dallas Since: May, 2011
#6: Sep 7th 2011 at 1:50:58 PM

[up] Yet suprise suprise, people still think that they can be absolutley right about something and everyone else is still self-deluded. It's a message that deserves repeating.

"Delenda est." "Furthermore, Carthage must be destroyed." -Common Roman saying at the end of speeches.
feotakahari Fuzzy Orange Doomsayer from Looking out at the city Since: Sep, 2009
Fuzzy Orange Doomsayer
#7: Sep 7th 2011 at 5:12:27 PM

^ This doesn't rule out either side being right about any given issue. It just makes it harder for whichever side is right to make its case.

That's Feo . . . He's a disgusting, mysoginistic, paedophilic asshat who moonlights as a shitty writer—Something Awful
Deboss I see the Awesomeness. from Awesomeville Texas Since: Aug, 2009
I see the Awesomeness.
#8: Sep 7th 2011 at 8:19:14 PM

You can be absolutely right if you add enough constraints.

Fight smart, not fair.
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