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* In Ireland, important politicians are spoken about by their first name in common parlance. You would never, ever hear anyone refer to President Michael D. Higgins as "Higgins" or "President Higgins" - he is simply "Michael D". Similarly, many Taoisigh are/were called by their first names by the public.
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* Same holds true for "Ichiro" in UsefulNotes/{{baseball}}, whether you're in North America or Japan.

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* Same holds true for "Ichiro" (Suzuki) in UsefulNotes/{{baseball}}, whether you're in North America or Japan.Japan. InvokedTrope in this case as Suzuki is one of the most common family names in Japan (basically their Smith or Jones), so Ichiro uses his first name as much as possible for marketing purposes, including on his uniform.



** Wrestling/VinceMcMahon is almost always called Mr. [=McMahon=] on official WWE material, but fans usually refer to him as "Vince", to avoid confusion with the rest of his family.

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** Wrestling/VinceMcMahon is almost always called Mr. [=McMahon=] on official WWE material, material,[[note]]At least until they began the process of pretending he never existed, but that's a [[UnPerson different trope]][[/note]] but fans usually refer to him as "Vince", to avoid confusion with the rest of his family.family. The [[Wrestling/VinceRusso other Vince in wrestling]] is referred to by either his last name or a string of curse words.
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* In the United Kingdom, UsefulNotes/BorisJohnson is one of the very few people known and called ''only'' by their first name.

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* In the United Kingdom, UsefulNotes/BorisJohnson is one of the very few people known and called ''only'' by their first name. Too be fair, Johnson is an ''extremely common'' last-name in English-Speaking Countries, so referring to him by his less common first-name makes far more sense.
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* In the [[UsefulNotes/NationalBasketballAssociation NBA]] from the '80s on, if you say "Magic", "Usefulnotes/{{Michael|Jordan}}" or "Larry", people know who you mean.

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* In the [[UsefulNotes/NationalBasketballAssociation NBA]] from the '80s on, if you say "Magic", "UsefulNotes/{{Magic|Johnson}}", "Usefulnotes/{{Michael|Jordan}}" or "Larry", people know who you mean.
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** On one end, both the standard language and most varieties lack a T-V distinction, and first-name and full-name references are the standard. (Arabic does use the second-person plural in the singular, but only in extremely formal situations like diplomatic correspondence or talking to a king.) Arabic actually lacks a general-purpose honorific like "Mister/Miss/Mrs/Ms", and it's generally seen as rude to refer to someone by their last name in most contexts. Full names are seen as slightly more formal, though not as formal as avoiding the name entirely. The major exception is when someone has a title relevant to the conversation (e.g. "Professor" or "Doctor"), which might be paired with the first name or the surname depending on context.

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** On one end, both the standard language and most varieties lack a T-V distinction, and first-name and full-name references are the standard. (Arabic does use the second-person plural in the singular, but singular—i.e. the inverse of the RoyalWe—but only in extremely formal situations like diplomatic correspondence or talking to a king.) Arabic actually lacks a general-purpose honorific like "Mister/Miss/Mrs/Ms", and it's generally seen as rude to refer to someone by their last name in most contexts. Full names are seen as slightly more formal, though not as formal as avoiding the name entirely. The major exception is when someone has a title relevant to the conversation (e.g. "Professor" or "Doctor"), which might be paired with the first name or the surname depending on context.
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** According to his big brother Jermaine, their father insisted on his children not calling him "Daddy", "Papa" or even "Dad", but just "Joseph", out of respect. But they can just call their mother "Mom", and Michael also averted this with his own children, as Paris Jackson said, it took her a while to learn that her father had a name, not just "Daddy" or "Dad".

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** According to his big brother Jermaine, their father insisted on his children not calling him "Daddy", "Papa" or even "Dad", but just "Joseph", out of respect. But they can just call their mother "Mom", and Michael also averted this with his own children, as Paris Jackson Creator/ParisJackson said, it took her a while to learn that her father had a name, not just "Daddy" or "Dad".

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* Modern Greek is much like French when it comes to using people's first names. It also uses εσύ (esí) as a familiar singular you along the lines of French ''tu'' and εσείς (esís) for the plural you and the polite singular you along the lines of ''vous''. In conversation, switching from polite to familiar usually involves saying something like 'μπορούμε να μιλήσουμε στον ενικό;' ('Can we speak in the singular?'). It's unthinkable for the answer to this to be 'no', so one should be careful when to ask this question of someone and whether it is appropriate.

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* Modern Greek is much like French when it comes to using people's first names. It also uses εσύ (esí) (''esí'') as a familiar singular you along the lines of French ''tu'' and εσείς (esís) (''esís'') for the plural you and the polite singular you along the lines of ''vous''. In conversation, switching from polite to familiar usually involves saying something like 'μπορούμε "μπορούμε να μιλήσουμε στον ενικό;' ('Can ενικό;" ("Can we speak in the singular?').singular?"). It's unthinkable for the answer to this to be 'no', so one should be careful when to ask this question of someone and whether it is appropriate.



** Muslim names in the form of A bin B (for males) or A binti B (for females) mean A, the son/daughter of B (the father). It is very rude to refer such people as B, and they are always referred as A.

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** Muslim names in the form of A '[A] bin B [B]' (for males) or A '[A] binti B [B]' (for females) mean A, "[A], the son/daughter of B [B (the father). father)]". It is very rude to refer such people as B, [B], and they are always referred as A.[A].



** The Chinese have their names as [[LastNameBasis last name basis]], but some of them were referred by their first name (which is a surname) by people other than Chinese for simplicity. Some of them found out this as odd, though.

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** The Chinese have their names as [[LastNameBasis last name basis]], LastNameBasis, but some of them were referred by their first name (which is a surname) by people other than Chinese for simplicity. Some of them found out this as odd, though.



* In Israel, first name basis is used almost all the time. Students call their teachers by their first names -- and if they don't know the name it's "Teacher". While some professors/doctors insist on their title, lots of others don't bother with formality and go by their first name. Heck, even in the army you call officers by their first name. "Sir" is only used in boot camp.
** The same instructor-student informality applies to universities in the United States as well. Occasionally you'll run into the occasional professor who sign their messages with their first name, and on rare occasions they even ''encourage'' you to address them by first name.

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* In Israel, first name first-name basis is used almost all the time. Students call their teachers by their first names -- and if they don't know the name name, it's "Teacher". While some professors/doctors insist on their title, lots of others don't bother with formality and go by their first name. Heck, even in the army army, you call officers by their first name. "Sir" is only used in boot camp.
** The same instructor-student informality applies to universities in the United States as well. Occasionally Occasionally, you'll run into the occasional professor who sign their messages with their first name, and on rare occasions they even ''encourage'' you to address them by first name.



* All Slavic languages use the aforementioned T-V distinction. Russians are very strict about whether they'll call someone by their last name, given name or patronymic. South Slavs however tend to go very quickly from calling someone vi (formal) to ti (informal) and not to do so implies a degree of coldness or even hostility unless there is a significant difference in age, status or the occasion is purely professional.
** In Bosnian universities professors, assistants and students call each other "colleague" to emphasise the filial relationship between all members (no matter how junior or senior) in an academic field. Freshmen tend to get a kick or two out of calling the grumpy tweed clad professor that failed them on an exam "kolega" (which besides colleague also means "pal.)"

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* All Slavic languages use the aforementioned T-V distinction. Russians are very strict about whether they'll call someone by their last name, given name or patronymic. South Slavs however tend to go very quickly from calling someone vi ''vi'' (formal) to ti ''ti'' (informal) and not to do so implies a degree of coldness or even hostility unless there is a significant difference in age, status or the occasion is purely professional.
** In Bosnian universities professors, assistants and students call each other "colleague" to emphasise the filial relationship between all members (no matter how junior or senior) in an academic field. Freshmen tend to get a kick or two out of calling the grumpy tweed clad professor that failed them on an exam "kolega" (which ''kolega'' (which, besides colleague "colleague", also means "pal.)""pal").



** On the other hand, in Czech, a Western Slavic language, while a similar question will probably be raised at some point, you can call someone by their first name and "vy" if you want to maintain both familiarity and respect at the same time (such as in the workplace); while "ty" with last name would be very disrespectful between adults. Possibly because the latter is the standard in primary and secondary schools from (adult) teacher to (underage) student (where the last name is an easy means of distinguishing between children), and under the influence of that between students who are forced to spend their days together but are not friends. Generally, using the last name without the honorific is disrespectful, which is possibly why the convention of using first name with the formal "you" has developed instead (probably under the influence of American English). The honorific is also often used together with a person's function or title (and the formal "vy", of course), such as "Mr Professor", which often carries an even higher degree of respect; one can find oneself addressed by one's academic title even outside academia, although this is less likely to happen to foreigners whose academic title abbreviations will be more opaque to Czechs. Many centuries ago, though, "ty" was much more common, making the situation possibly closer to that described for Bulgarian - but the close proximity of the German language has left its mark: in the 18th and 19th centuries, the conventions were very similar to the historical German conventions described above (most elites primarily spoke German at the time).
* Few people know that Buryat musician Music/{{Namgar}}'s full name is Namgar Ayushievna Lhasaranova. She will forgive you if "Namgar" is the only part of her name you can remember.

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** On the other hand, in Czech, a Western Slavic language, while a similar question will probably be raised at some point, you can call someone by their first name and "vy" ''vy'' if you want to maintain both familiarity and respect at the same time (such as in the workplace); while "ty" ''ty'' with last name would be very disrespectful between adults. Possibly It's possibly because the latter is the standard in primary and secondary schools from (adult) teacher to (underage) student (where the last name is an easy means of distinguishing between children), and under the influence of that between students who are forced to spend their days together but are not friends. Generally, using the last name without the honorific is disrespectful, which is possibly why the convention of using first name with the formal "you" has developed instead (probably under the influence of American English). The honorific is also often used together with a person's function or title (and the formal "vy", ''vy'', of course), such as "Mr Professor", which often carries an even higher degree of respect; one can find oneself addressed by one's academic title even outside academia, although this is less likely to happen to foreigners whose academic title abbreviations will be more opaque to Czechs. Many centuries ago, though, "ty" ''ty'' was much more common, making the situation possibly closer to that described for Bulgarian - -- but the close proximity of the German language has left its mark: in the 18th and 19th centuries, the conventions were very similar to the historical German conventions described above (most elites primarily spoke German at the time).
* Few people know that Buryat musician Music/{{Namgar}}'s full name is Namgar Ayushievna Lhasaranova. She will forgive you if "Namgar" 'Namgar' is the only part of her name you can remember.



* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} Swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan". And his films (and also about 50/50 ANY {{Western}}) are called "Klintanfilm."

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* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} Swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan". And his films (and also about 50/50 ANY {{Western}}) are called "Klintanfilm.""Klintanfilm".



* In most Spanish-speaking cultures the first name basis is the default, however the add of the particle ''don'' (in males) and ''doña'' (in females) is the norm as a showing of respect, generally used in elderly people that is not part of your family, bosses, authority figures and the like. For example if the person's name is José Pérez, would be referred to as "Don José", thus such titles as ''Literature/DonaBarbara'', ''Literature/DonJuan'' and probably the most famous example ''Literature/DonQuixote''. Last names are generally reserve for political and public figures and some celebrities for press purposes but would be uncommon to refer to them by their last name in person as is considered rude. For example you may refer to Venezuela's president Nicolás Maduro just as "Maduro" when speaking as a third party specially in news report or public speeches, but if speaking ''to him'' you probably call him "Don Nicolás".

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* In most Spanish-speaking cultures cultures, the first name basis is the default, however the add of the particle ''don'' (in males) and ''doña'' (in females) is the norm as a showing of respect, generally used in elderly people that is not part of your family, bosses, authority figures and the like. For example example, if the person's name is José Pérez, 'José Pérez', he would be referred to as "Don José", thus such titles as ''Literature/DonaBarbara'', ''Literature/DonJuan'' and probably the most famous example ''Literature/DonQuixote''. Last names are generally reserve for political and public figures and some celebrities for press purposes but would be uncommon to refer to them by their last name in person person, as is considered rude. For example example, you may refer to Venezuela's president Nicolás Maduro just as "Maduro" when speaking as a third party specially in news report or public speeches, but if speaking ''to him'' him'', you probably call him "Don Nicolás".



** On the other end, the biggest variety of spoken Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, has not only a full T-V distinction but also a full system of honorifics almost like in East Asia. The standard Arabic word for "you" (rendered ''inta'' (m) or ''inti'' (f) in Egyptian) is the "T" term and a term roughly meaning "Your Grace" (''ḥaḍretak'' (m)/''ḥaḍretik'' (f)) is the "V," with the "V" term being used fairly similarly to French ''vous'' but with more emphasis on age difference. On top of that, Egyptians have a hierarchy of terms ''above'' ''ḥaḍretak'' to reflect even deeper respect, usually to bosses and government officials (e.g. ''seyattak'', "Your Lordship", usually used to address the Big Cheese at your company--or the President of the country) but also age (especially ''ḥagg'' (m)/''ḥagga'' (f), literally "pilgrim", for the elderly[[note]]On the assumption that anyone that old has made the pilgrimage to Mecca if Muslim or Jerusalem if Christian[[/note]]) and (perceived) social class (e.g. ''ānisa'' "young lady", for a young woman perceived by the speaker to be classy, and ''hānim''[[note]]Literally "wife of a khan", deriving from the Turco-Persian ''khanum''[[/note]] for an [[GrandeDame older lady of quality]]). There's also an array of terms of address based on social class and occupation that substitute for the "V"; this includes educational ones like ''ustāz'' ("Professor") but also some weird ones like ''bash muhandes'' ("Chief Engineer") for high-skilled blue-collar workers (e.g. plumbers and electricians), ''rayyis'' ("Chief") for skilled laborers, ''me`allim'' ("Teacher") for unskilled and semi-skilled laborers, ''`amm'' (literally "Paternal Uncle") for (male) servants, and ''asṭa'' ("Master") for drivers. (If you go to Egypt and take a cab anywhere, the cabbie is properly referred to as ''asṭa''). There's also an array of informal ones that can substitute for the "T" term among friends or family, the most common one being ''bāshā'' ("Pasha", an old noble title roughly equivalent to "Duke"), which roughly means "dude" among young men. All of these terms can combine with the first name alone or the last name alone pretty freely, though there are some fixed rules (e.g. drivers are always "''asṭa'' [Firstname]").
!! Individual cases.

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** On the other end, the biggest variety of spoken Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, has not only a full T-V distinction but also a full system of honorifics almost like in East Asia. The standard Arabic word for "you" (rendered ''inta'' (m) or ''inti'' (f) in Egyptian) is the "T" term and a term roughly meaning "Your Grace" (''ḥaḍretak'' (m)/''ḥaḍretik'' (f)) is the "V," with the "V" term being used fairly similarly to French ''vous'' but with more emphasis on age difference. On top of that, Egyptians have a hierarchy of terms ''above'' ''ḥaḍretak'' to reflect even deeper respect, usually to bosses and government officials (e.g. ''seyattak'', "Your Lordship", usually used to address the Big Cheese at your company--or the President of the country) but also age (especially ''ḥagg'' (m)/''ḥagga'' (f), literally "pilgrim", for the elderly[[note]]On the assumption that anyone that old has made the pilgrimage to Mecca if Muslim or Jerusalem if Christian[[/note]]) and (perceived) social class (e.g. ''ānisa'' "young lady", for a young woman perceived by the speaker to be classy, and ''hānim''[[note]]Literally "wife of a khan", deriving from the Turco-Persian ''khanum''[[/note]] for an [[GrandeDame older lady of quality]]). There's also an array of terms of address based on social class and occupation that substitute for the "V"; this includes educational ones like ''ustāz'' ("Professor") but also some weird ones like ''bash muhandes'' ("Chief Engineer") for high-skilled blue-collar workers (e.g. plumbers and electricians), ''rayyis'' ("Chief") for skilled laborers, ''me`allim'' ("Teacher") for unskilled and semi-skilled laborers, ''`amm'' (literally "Paternal Uncle") for (male) servants, and ''asṭa'' ("Master") for drivers. (If you go to Egypt and take a cab anywhere, the cabbie is properly referred to as ''asṭa''). ''asṭa''.) There's also an array of informal ones that can substitute for the "T" term among friends or family, the most common one being ''bāshā'' ("Pasha", (''Pasha'', an old noble title roughly equivalent to "Duke"), which roughly means "dude" among young men. All of these terms can combine with the first name alone or the last name alone pretty freely, though there are some fixed rules (e.g. drivers are always "''asṭa'' [Firstname]").
!! Individual
[Firstname]").

!!Individual
cases.



** Fast forward to the 2010s and 2020s, and the names "UsefulNotes/{{Steph|enCurry}}", "Klay", "Draymond", "Kawhi", "Kyrie", "Giannis", and "Luka" [[note]] If you don't follow the NBA, these refer to Steph Curry, Klay Thompson, Draymond Green, Kawhi Leonard, Kyrie Irving, Giannis Antetokounmpo (first name usually pronounced YAHN-is in English, not too far from the actual Greek pronunciation), and Luka Dončić[[/note]] will immediately grab the attention of an average NBA fan.

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** Fast forward to the 2010s and 2020s, and the names "UsefulNotes/{{Steph|enCurry}}", "Klay", "Draymond", "Kawhi", "Kyrie", "Giannis", and "Luka" [[note]] If "Luka"[[note]]If you don't follow the NBA, these refer to Steph Curry, Klay Thompson, Draymond Green, Kawhi Leonard, Kyrie Irving, Giannis Antetokounmpo (first name usually pronounced YAHN-is in English, not too far from the actual Greek pronunciation), and Luka Dončić[[/note]] will immediately grab the attention of an average NBA fan.



* The actor Creator/KeanuReeves albeit not necessarily is often called Keanu. His first name being so unusual that it's hard to think of another Keanu.

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* The actor Creator/KeanuReeves Creator/KeanuReeves, albeit not necessarily necessarily, is often called Keanu. His first name being so unusual that it's hard to think of another Keanu.



** Almost all females in the professional wrestling industry. An aversion is Wrestling/CharlotteFlair, though it was played straight at first—WWE didn't add [[Wrestling/RicFlair "Flair"]] to her ring name until 2016.[[note]]Incidentally, Charlotte's ''real'' first name is Ashley.[[/note]]

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** Almost all females women in the professional wrestling industry. An aversion is Wrestling/CharlotteFlair, though it was played straight at first—WWE didn't add [[Wrestling/RicFlair "Flair"]] to her ring name until 2016.[[note]]Incidentally, Charlotte's ''real'' first name is Ashley.[[/note]]



-->[[Creator/MarlonBrando Brando]]; [[Creator/MontgomeryClift Clift]]; [[Creator/SidneyPoitier Poitier]]; [[Creator/SteveMcQueenActor McQueen]]; [[Creator/DustinHoffman Hoffman]]; [[Creator/AlPacino Pacino]]; [[Creator/RobertDeNiro De Niro]]. Now the cliche ‘the list goes on-and-on’ does not apply here–because it doesn’t. The list is finite, the club is exclusive. A single name can define an artist who is a peer and equal with all of the greatest legends of our craft. If Washington doesn’t ring loud enough, then let the first name carry all the weight. And that name is Denzel.”

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-->[[Creator/MarlonBrando Brando]]; [[Creator/MontgomeryClift Clift]]; [[Creator/SidneyPoitier Poitier]]; [[Creator/SteveMcQueenActor McQueen]]; [[Creator/DustinHoffman Hoffman]]; [[Creator/AlPacino Pacino]]; [[Creator/RobertDeNiro De Niro]]. Now the cliche ‘the "the list goes on-and-on’ on-and-on" does not apply here–because it doesn’t.doesn't. The list is finite, the club is exclusive. A single name can define an artist who is a peer and equal with all of the greatest legends of our craft. If Washington doesn’t doesn't ring loud enough, then let the first name carry all the weight. And that name is Denzel.
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* America. To clarify, there are the basic Ms. Mr. and Mrs. which are followed by the last name. These are generally used for strangers and when children are addressing a person they're unrelated to, such as a teacher. Otherwise, FirstNameBasis is expected. If a [[LastNameBasis last name]] is used, it can be interpreted as cold or rude. It's a little more complicated than this due to regional and professional standards (for instance, the famously stuffy legal profession has only started using first names as a standard among colleagues within the last 20–30 years, and in court and legal correspondence first names are still essentially banished unless there's a need to distinguish between two people with the same last name), but otherwise, it's fairly standard.

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* America. To clarify, there are the basic Ms. Mr. 'Ms.', 'Mr.', and Mrs. 'Mrs.', which are followed by the last name. These are generally used for strangers and when children are addressing a person they're unrelated to, such as a teacher. Otherwise, FirstNameBasis is expected. If a [[LastNameBasis last name]] is used, it can be interpreted as cold or rude. It's a little more complicated than this due to regional and professional standards (for instance, the famously stuffy legal profession has only started using first names as a standard among colleagues within the last 20–30 years, and in court and legal correspondence first names are still essentially banished unless there's a need to distinguish between two people with the same last name), but otherwise, it's fairly standard.



** Parts of the American South add certain quirks regarding titles and last name basis best compared to UsefulNotes/JapaneseHonorifics in the degree of nuance and social meaning tied to them- For instance, as a doctor with a small town practice Alice might be very casual with her patients and staff, but it would be weird and possibly a sign of disrespect for someone to talk about Alice rather than Dr. Alice. Meanwhile, Bob might greet his good friend as Mr. Stevens- despite the fact that the warm greeting is followed by a ManHug, it would be weird and presumptive to refer to his former teacher as Charlie.

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** Parts of the American South add certain quirks regarding titles and last name basis best compared to UsefulNotes/JapaneseHonorifics in the degree of nuance and social meaning tied to them- them. For instance, as a doctor with a small town practice practice, Alice might be very casual with her patients and staff, but it would be weird and possibly a sign of disrespect for someone to talk about Alice 'Alice' rather than Dr. Alice. 'Dr. Alice'. Meanwhile, Bob might greet his good friend as Mr. Stevens- despite "Mr. Stevens"--despite the fact that the warm greeting is followed by a ManHug, it would be weird and presumptive to refer to his former teacher as Charlie.'Charlie'.



* In Scandinavia being on first name basis is the standard.

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* In Scandinavia Scandinavia, being on first name basis is the standard.



*** Interestingly, in the schools, students pretty much always talk to and about their teachers using their last name (unless the teacher has a nickname, which isn't all that rare either). The teachers, however, call the students and each other by first name. This has even lead to a (usually new) teacher not knowing who a student means if s/he asks for someone and uses their last name.

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*** Interestingly, in the schools, students pretty much always talk to and about their teachers using their last name (unless the teacher has a nickname, which isn't all that rare either). The teachers, however, call the students and each other by first name. This has even lead to a (usually new) teacher not knowing who a student means if s/he asks they ask for someone and uses their last name.



*** If two Dutch meet each other for the first time, they will call each other by last name (unless they are under 25 or so, then they will be on a first name basis right away.) but they will switch to first name basis really quick in most cases. Because the Dutch do much business with the Germans, (see below) this tends to lead to awkward situations.

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*** If two Dutch meet each other for the first time, they will call each other by last name (unless they are under 25 or so, then they will be on a first name basis right away.) away), but they will switch to first name basis really quick in most cases. Because the Dutch do much business with the Germans, (see below) this tends to lead to awkward situations.



** Danish students call their teachers by first name all the way through the education system, sometimes not even knowing their teachers' lastnames. This started after the student protests in 1968.

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** Danish students call their teachers by first name all the way through the education system, sometimes not even knowing their teachers' lastnames.last names. This started after the student protests in 1968.



*** There are various ways this works. In the Bothnian region it's normal for people to refer to even their lifelong friends by only their surname (= the name of the household), since the first name is seen to be of lesser value and generally of no interest or importance. Only between siblings are first names used, and even then only to avoid confusion.
** In Iceland the last name is not a family name but a patronym (or a matronym) so it's not strictly a part of your name, it just tells people who your parent is. (Example: [[Music/{{Bjork}} Björk Guðmundsdóttir]].) So referring to Icelanders by last name only is flat out incorrect no matter how formal you want to be. You'd call the prime minister by their first name rather than last. The correct way of being formal would be to use a title or a full name preceded by Mr/Madam but Icelanders in general aren't very formal. Even first name bases can be too formal, as in some cases (especially with long first names) the informality of first name basis in other languages is instead replaced with shorter nicknames.
** Only a few people get around to be referred to by their first name in Norway, as the formal rule states that the family names will be used. ''In''formally, though, the high ranking politicians (mostly the women) tend to be referred to this way. Thus, Norwegians tend to talk of "Gerhardsen" (UsefulNotes/EinarGerhardsen), or "Stoltenberg" (former prime minister Jens Stoltenberg), but "Siv and Erna" (that is the current minister of finance and the prime minister, Jensen and Solberg respectively). From early on, the titulation of Gro (Harlem Brundtland, first female prime minister) was common, and still is. Of non-political examples, the author Ingeborg Refling Hagen was referred to as just "A Ingeborg" by almost everyone -- a sign of familiarity. For the record, only Alf Prøysen ("N Alf") got the same treatment.
* Not only does the language French have different pronouns (Tu-Toi for close people, Vous for more formal relationships), the use of names is the subject of a peculiar etiquette: Calling someone by his first name is normally reserved to friends and family, but calling someone by his family name without the proper honorific (Monsieur, Madame) is considered rude, except when there is a certain level of intimacy (for two colleagues for instance) or hierarchy (such as a college professor addressing a student).
** It becomes even more confusing when you go into the written language: when writing about someone in French, you are supposed to use the full name basis without honorifics: for instance, a French journalist writing an article about the US president is supposed to use the Term "Barack Obama": "Obama" alone is tolerated but usually not considered respectful enough, and "Monsieur Obama" is actually considered insulting: confusing, n’est-ce pas?
** Note that this is also prone to regional variations. In Québec, for instance, using the formal pronoun "vous" with someone's first name is acceptable in certain polite but informal introductions.
** It doesn't only depend on the person, but also on the setting. For example, lawyers in court would always address each other as "vous," even if they are good friends and would call each other "tu" in private.
* German shares the du/Sie pronouns with the French tu/vous in addition to the use of first and second name. First name basis always assumes a close personal relationship or a highly informal social situation, so it's never used for strangers or authority figures, for which such a relationship is considered improper, even if you know each other for years and go along very well. The exception is for children and young teenagers which are always called by first name, but are expected to use the second name form the same way adults do.
** Changing from "Sie" to "du" is still considered a big deal by some Germans, who feel a bit of a ritual is necessary. This may take the form of ''Brüderschaft trinken'' (drinking brotherhood), which entails the two persons drinking with the arms holding the respective glasses linked. If then one of the two people accidentally addresses the other with <honorific> + <last name>, the other may require him to buy him a drink as a penalty. And addressing someone with "du" and first name still can lead to them testily replying: "Und wann haben wir zusammen Schweine gehütet?" ("And when did we herd pigs together?")

to:

*** There are various ways this works. In the Bothnian region along the Swedish-Finnish border, it's normal for people to refer to even their lifelong friends by only their surname (= (i.e. the name of the household), since the first name is seen to be of lesser value and generally of no interest or importance. Only between siblings are first names used, and even then only to avoid confusion.
** In Iceland Iceland, the last name is not a family name but a patronym UsefulNotes/{{patronymic}} (or a matronym) matronymic) so it's not strictly a part of your name, it just tells people who your parent is. (Example: is, e.g. [[Music/{{Bjork}} Björk Guðmundsdóttir]].) So Guðmundsdóttir]]. So, referring to Icelanders by last name only is flat out incorrect incorrect, no matter how formal you want to be. You'd call the prime minister by their first name rather than last. The correct way of being formal would be to use a title or a full name preceded by Mr/Madam Mr/Madam, but Icelanders in general aren't very formal. Even first name bases basis can be too formal, as in some cases (especially with long first names) the informality of first name basis in other languages is instead replaced with shorter nicknames.
** Only a few people get around to be referred to by their first name in Norway, as the formal rule states that the family names will be used. ''In''formally, though, the high ranking politicians (mostly the women) tend to be referred to this way. Thus, Norwegians tend to talk of "Gerhardsen" (UsefulNotes/EinarGerhardsen), or "Stoltenberg" (former prime minister Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg), but "Siv and Erna" (that is is, the current minister Minister of finance Finance and the prime minister, Prime Minister, Jensen and Solberg respectively). From early on, the titulation of Gro (Harlem Brundtland, first female prime minister) Prime Minister) was common, and still is. Of non-political examples, the author Ingeborg Refling Hagen was referred to as just "A Ingeborg" by almost everyone -- a sign of familiarity. For the record, only Alf Prøysen ("N Alf") got the same treatment.
* Not only does the language French have [[ExpositoryPronoun different pronouns (Tu-Toi pronouns]] (''Tu''-''Toi'' for close people, Vous ''Vous'' for more formal relationships), the use of names is the subject of a peculiar etiquette: Calling calling someone by his their first name is normally reserved to friends and family, but calling someone by his their family name without the proper honorific (Monsieur, Madame) is considered rude, except when there is a certain level of intimacy (for two colleagues colleagues, for instance) or hierarchy (such as a college professor addressing a student).
** It becomes even more confusing when you go into the written language: when writing about someone in French, you are supposed to use the full name basis without honorifics: for instance, a French journalist writing an article about the US president is supposed to use the Term "Barack Obama": "Obama" alone is tolerated but usually not considered respectful enough, and "Monsieur Obama" is actually considered insulting: confusing, n’est-ce pas?
''n'est-ce pas?''
** Note that this is also prone to regional variations. In Québec, for instance, using the formal pronoun "vous" ''vous'' with someone's first name is acceptable in certain polite but informal introductions.
** It doesn't only depend on the person, but also on the setting. For example, lawyers in court would always address each other as "vous," ''vous'', even if they are good friends and would call each other "tu" ''tu'' in private.
* German shares the du/Sie ''du/Sie'' pronouns with the French tu/vous ''tu/vous'' in addition to the use of first and second name. First name basis always assumes a close personal relationship or a highly informal social situation, so it's never used for strangers or authority figures, for which such a relationship is considered improper, even if you know each other for years and go along very well. The exception is for children and young teenagers which are always called by first name, but are expected to use the second name form the same way adults do.
** Changing from "Sie" ''Sie'' to "du" ''du'' is still considered a big deal by some Germans, who feel a bit of a ritual is necessary. This may take the form of ''Brüderschaft trinken'' (drinking brotherhood), which entails the two persons drinking with the arms holding the respective glasses linked. If then one of the two people accidentally addresses the other with <honorific> "<honorific> + <last name>, name>", the other may require him to buy him a drink as a penalty. And addressing someone with "du" ''du'' and first name still can lead to them testily replying: "Und replying, "''Und wann haben wir zusammen Schweine gehütet?" gehütet?''" ("And when did we herd pigs together?")



** Also, in schools teachers start referring to the students with "Sie" and switch on last name basis at the beginning of the 11th grade (most pupils are 16 by this time, thus the change marks the beginning of adulthood). Often though there's no change because the students themselves object the changed patterns.
** Additionally, ''Du'' usually implies FirstNameBasis, while ''Sie'' implies LastNameBasis. Addressing someone with ''du'' and his last name (or vice versa) is ... odd.
*** Unless there exists a tradition to do otherwise. This is for example the case with nurses who are addressed by their title "Schwester" (Sister) followed by their first name while "Sie" is used at the same time. This is because nurses were almost universally nuns during the time when the German health system was established -- and "Sister <Some-First-Name>" is exactly how nuns are addressed.
** Historically, German had a quite complex system of addressing people depending on the social rank of the speaker and the addressee. Before "Sie" (third person plural) gradually became the respectful catch-all it is today starting in the late 18th century it was something like this:
*** "Du" (second person singular) and first name: Grown-ups to children, masters to (junior) servants, close friends and siblings amongst themselves, husbands to wives (but not always vice versa, sometimes women would address their husbands by their last name, vide ''Literature/EffiBriest''), and everybody to God.
*** "Du" and last name (without honorific): Teachers to pupils of a minor age, landlords to peasants etc., masters to senior servants.
*** "Er" or "sie" ("he" or "she", third person singular) and honorific plus last name: Socially superior to inferior, e.g. a passenger to a coachman, but also e.g. a king to an officer.
*** "Ihr" (second person plural): Socially inferior to superior, but also monarch to subject in official letters.
*** In some cases personal pronouns were pretty much entirely avoided and replaced by a more complex honorific such as "Your Majesty", "Your Excellency" etc.; this went with verbs in third person plural.
** Spanish has ''three'' of this. Usted, tú y vos. Each with its own rules of verbal conjugation. Usted is used in most Spanish-speaking countries as a respectful term for people you are unfamiliar with (unless they're children or very young), authority figures or superiors. Tú and vos are exactly the same, use for friends, family and in general informal situations is just that they are used in different countries with ''vos'' used in Argentina, Uruguay, Central America and some parts of Colombia and ''tú'' everywhere else including Spain. AS ''tú'' is used in dubbing including Neutral Spanish (the international version of Spanish design for dubbing) users of ''vos'' can generally switch to ''tú'' if needed (and even dubbing studios in places like Argentina use the ''tú'' instead of the ''vos'') but not so much the other way around although thanks to Argentinian media's popularity is much more common for ''vos'' to be understood in places like Mexico and Spain. And to add confusion, ''usted'' is actually use as an ''informal'' way to refer to someone in Colombia and Costa Rica, thus using if for relatives, friends and even pets which may be unsettling for people from other countries. And on top of that if two people declare themselves ''extremely'' close friends/quasi-family (''compadres/comadres''), in some places they mark the change by switching ''back'' to ''usted.'' Not lost yet?
* Simon's Rock College of Bard in Western Massachusetts has this written into the campus bylaws. Everyone is on a first name basis. The President and provost are Leon & Mary.
* And then there's Italian, a magical language that has THREE ways to refer to people: Tu, Voi e Lei (corresponding to informal "you", royal "you" and formal "you", respectively). "Tu" is like Du or Tu in French, basically something with which you refer to someone you consider on your same level, so to speak. "Voi" is far more high, basically the way you may talk with a Queen or an equivalent. "Dare del lei" is something in the middle: you are showing respect, but let's say that you don't have to bow down when they walk in front of you. Usually the latter is the way you speak with superiors or professors and, if you are a professor at the university, at your students. On the other hand, outside school and work people call each other using their first name, even if they just met. There's no real problem in using honorifics instead of surnames or first names: while the last choice is less polite than the others, it certainly isn't that much of a deal.
** It is (or used to be) partly regional, with people in the South using "Voi" where Northerners use "Lei". Under Fascism, "Lei" was officially replaced by "Voi", but that change did not stick.
* Portuguese also has informal ("tu") and formal ("você") pronouns, but their usage varies a lot depending on dialect and personal preferences:
** In Portugal "tu" implies a "first name basis", except when the person is known by their last name even to their friends, and "você" implies a last name basis, but the pronoun itself is almost never used (the verbal conjugation changes to suit "você", but the person is addressed by a title or no pronoun at all). Talking to someone using the word "você" is considered downright rude.
** Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and some parts of Paraná have somewhat the same tu/você split as Portugal, but the pronoun "você" itself isn't considered rude, and some people conjugate the verb following either pronoun the same.
** In most Brazil, "tu" fell into disuse, and most people will use only "você" even on informal and "first name basis" circumstances. Titles as "o senhor" [Mister] are used instead to convey formality and, confusingly enough, with parents in more traditional families.

to:

** Also, in schools schools, teachers start referring to the students with "Sie" ''Sie'' and switch on to last name basis at the beginning of the 11th grade (most pupils are 16 by this time, thus the change marks the beginning of adulthood). Often though Often, though, there's no change because the students themselves object the changed patterns.
** Additionally, ''Du'' ''du'' usually implies FirstNameBasis, while ''Sie'' implies LastNameBasis. Addressing someone with ''du'' and his their last name (or vice versa) is ...is... odd.
*** Unless there exists a tradition to do otherwise. This is for example the case with nurses who are addressed by their title "Schwester" (Sister) ''Schwester'' ("Sister") followed by their first name while "Sie" ''Sie'' is used at the same time. This is because nurses were almost universally nuns during the time when the German health system was established -- and "Sister <Some-First-Name>" is exactly how nuns are addressed.
** Historically, German had a quite complex system of addressing people depending on the social rank of the speaker and the addressee. Before "Sie" ''Sie'' (third person plural) gradually became the respectful catch-all it is today starting in the late 18th century it was something like this:
*** "Du" ''Du'' (second person singular) and first name: Grown-ups to children, masters to (junior) servants, close friends and siblings amongst themselves, husbands to wives (but not always vice versa, sometimes women would address their husbands by their last name, vide ''Literature/EffiBriest''), and everybody to God.
*** "Du" ''Du'' and last name (without honorific): Teachers to pupils of a minor age, landlords to peasants etc., masters to senior servants.
*** "Er" ''Er'' or "sie" ''sie'' ("he" or "she", third person singular) and honorific plus last name: Socially superior to inferior, e.g. a passenger to a coachman, but also e.g. a king to an officer.
*** "Ihr" ''Ihr'' (second person plural): Socially inferior to superior, but also monarch to subject in official letters.
*** In some cases personal pronouns were pretty much entirely avoided and replaced by a more complex honorific such as "Your Majesty", "Your Excellency" Excellency", etc.; this went with verbs in third person plural.
** Spanish has ''three'' of this. Usted, ''Usted, tú y vos.vos''. Each with its own rules of verbal conjugation. Usted ''Usted'' is used in most Spanish-speaking countries as a respectful term for people you are unfamiliar with (unless they're children or very young), authority figures or superiors. ''Tú'' and vos ''vos'' are exactly the same, use for friends, family and in general informal situations is just that they are used in different countries with ''vos'' used in Argentina, Uruguay, Central America and some parts of Colombia and ''tú'' everywhere else including Spain. AS ''tú'' is used in dubbing including Neutral Spanish (the international version of Spanish design for dubbing) users of ''vos'' can generally switch to ''tú'' if needed (and even dubbing studios in places like Argentina use the ''tú'' instead of the ''vos'') but not so much the other way around although thanks to Argentinian media's popularity is much more common for ''vos'' to be understood in places like Mexico and Spain. And to add confusion, ''usted'' is actually use as an ''informal'' way to refer to someone in Colombia and Costa Rica, thus using if for relatives, friends and even pets which may be unsettling for people from other countries. And on top of that if two people declare themselves ''extremely'' close friends/quasi-family (''compadres/comadres''), in some places they mark the change by switching ''back'' to ''usted.'' ''usted''. Not lost yet?
* Simon's Rock College of Bard in Western Massachusetts has this written into the campus bylaws. Everyone is on a first name basis. The President and provost are Leon & and Mary.
* And then there's Italian, a magical language that has THREE ways to refer to people: Tu, ''Tu, Voi e Lei Lei'' (corresponding to informal "you", royal "you" and formal "you", respectively). "Tu" ''Tu'' is like Du ''Du'' or Tu ''Tu'' in French, basically something with which you refer to someone you consider on your same level, so to speak. "Voi" ''Voi'' is far more high, basically the way you may talk with a Queen or an equivalent. "Dare ''Dare del lei" lei'' is something in the middle: you are showing respect, but let's say that you don't have to bow down when they walk in front of you. Usually the latter is the way you speak with superiors or professors and, if you are a professor at the university, at your students. On the other hand, outside school and work people call each other using their first name, even if they just met. There's no real problem in using honorifics instead of surnames or first names: while the last choice is less polite than the others, it certainly isn't that much of a deal.
** It is (or used to be) partly regional, with people in the South using "Voi" ''Voi'' where Northerners use "Lei". ''Lei''. Under Fascism, "Lei" ''Lei'' was officially replaced by "Voi", ''Voi'', but that change did not stick.
* Portuguese also has informal ("tu") (''tu'') and formal ("você") (''você'') pronouns, but their usage varies a lot depending on dialect and personal preferences:
** In Portugal "tu" ''tu'' implies a "first name basis", except when the person is known by their last name even to their friends, and "você" ''você'' implies a last name basis, but the pronoun itself is almost never used (the verbal conjugation changes to suit "você", ''você'', but the person is addressed by a title or no pronoun at all). Talking to someone using the word "você" ''você'' is considered downright rude.
** Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and some parts of Paraná have somewhat the same tu/você ''tu/você'' split as Portugal, but the pronoun "você" ''você'' itself isn't considered rude, and some people conjugate the verb following either pronoun the same.
** In most Brazil, "tu" ''tu'' fell into disuse, and most people will use only "você" ''você'' even on informal and "first name basis" circumstances. Titles as "o senhor" [Mister] ''o senhor'' ("Mister") are used instead to convey formality and, confusingly enough, with parents in more traditional families.
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* In the United States, politicians running for high office on a first name basis has increased significantly since the 2000s. UsefulNotes/HillaryRodhamClinton probably started the trend when she used only her first name in campaign materials when she ran for president in 2008, mostly to differentiate her from her husband, UsefulNotes/BillClinton. In the 2016 Democratic primary, both major candidates, Hillary Clinton and UsefulNotes/BernieSanders, opted to campaign primarily using their first name, and on the GOP side Jeb Bush, Rand Paul and Carly Fiorina did the same. By the 2020 Democratic primary, Michael Bloomberg ("Mike"), Amy Klobuchar, Tulsi Gabbard, Tom Steyer and Pete Buttigieg all decided to go on a first-name basis with voters, amounting to half of the candidate field.

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* In the United States, politicians running for high office on a first name basis has increased significantly since the 2000s. UsefulNotes/HillaryRodhamClinton probably started the trend when she used only her first name in campaign materials when she ran for president in 2008, mostly to differentiate her from her husband, UsefulNotes/BillClinton. In the 2016 Democratic primary, both major candidates, Hillary Clinton and UsefulNotes/BernieSanders, opted to campaign primarily using their first name, and on the GOP side Jeb Bush, Rand Paul and Carly Fiorina did the same. By the 2020 Democratic primary, Michael Bloomberg ("Mike"), Amy Klobuchar, UsefulNotes/AmyKlobuchar, Tulsi Gabbard, Tom Steyer and Pete Buttigieg all decided to go on a first-name basis with voters, amounting to half of the candidate field.
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** On the other end, the biggest variety of spoken Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, has not only a full T-V distinction but also a full system of honorifics almost like in East Asia. The standard Arabic word for "you" (rendered ''inta'' (m) or ''inti'' (f) in Egyptian) is the "T" term and a term roughly meaning "Your Grace" (''ḥaḍretak'' (m)/''ḥaḍretik'' (f)) is the "V," with the "V" term being used fairly similarly to French ''vous'' but with more emphasis on age difference. On top of that, Egyptians have a hierarchy of terms ''above'' ''ḥaḍretak'' to reflect even deeper respect, usually to bosses and government officials (e.g. ''seyattak'', "Your Lordship", usually used to address the Big Cheese at your company--or the President of the country) but also age (especially ''ḥagg'' (m)/''ḥagga'' (f), literally "pilgrim", for the elderly[[note]]On the assumption that anyone that old has made the pilgrimage to Mecca if Muslim or Jerusalem if Christian[[/note]]) and (perceived) social class (e.g. ''ānisa'' "young lady", for a young woman perceived by the speaker to be classy, and ''hānim''[[note]]Literally "wife of a khan", deriving from the Turco-Persian ''khanum''[[/note]] for an [[GrandeDame older lady of quality]]). There's also an array of terms of address based on social class and occupation that substitute for the "V"; this includes educational ones like ''ustāz'' ("Professor") but also some weird ones like ''bash muhandes'' ("Chief Engineer") for high-skilled blue-collar workers (e.g. plumbers and electricians), ''rayyis'' ("Chief") for skilled laborers, ''me`allim'' ("Teacher") for unskilled and semi-skilled laborers, ''`amm'' (literally "Paternal Uncle") for servants, and ''asṭa'' ("Master") for drivers. (If you go to Egypt and take a cab anywhere, the cabbie is properly referred to as ''asṭa''). There's also an array of informal ones that can substitute for the "T" term among friends or family, the most common one being ''bāshā'' ("Pasha", an old noble title roughly equivalent to "Duke"), which roughly means "dude" among young men. All of these terms can combine with the first name alone or the last name alone pretty freely, though there are some fixed rules (e.g. drivers are always "''asṭa'' [Firstname]").

to:

** On the other end, the biggest variety of spoken Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, has not only a full T-V distinction but also a full system of honorifics almost like in East Asia. The standard Arabic word for "you" (rendered ''inta'' (m) or ''inti'' (f) in Egyptian) is the "T" term and a term roughly meaning "Your Grace" (''ḥaḍretak'' (m)/''ḥaḍretik'' (f)) is the "V," with the "V" term being used fairly similarly to French ''vous'' but with more emphasis on age difference. On top of that, Egyptians have a hierarchy of terms ''above'' ''ḥaḍretak'' to reflect even deeper respect, usually to bosses and government officials (e.g. ''seyattak'', "Your Lordship", usually used to address the Big Cheese at your company--or the President of the country) but also age (especially ''ḥagg'' (m)/''ḥagga'' (f), literally "pilgrim", for the elderly[[note]]On the assumption that anyone that old has made the pilgrimage to Mecca if Muslim or Jerusalem if Christian[[/note]]) and (perceived) social class (e.g. ''ānisa'' "young lady", for a young woman perceived by the speaker to be classy, and ''hānim''[[note]]Literally "wife of a khan", deriving from the Turco-Persian ''khanum''[[/note]] for an [[GrandeDame older lady of quality]]). There's also an array of terms of address based on social class and occupation that substitute for the "V"; this includes educational ones like ''ustāz'' ("Professor") but also some weird ones like ''bash muhandes'' ("Chief Engineer") for high-skilled blue-collar workers (e.g. plumbers and electricians), ''rayyis'' ("Chief") for skilled laborers, ''me`allim'' ("Teacher") for unskilled and semi-skilled laborers, ''`amm'' (literally "Paternal Uncle") for (male) servants, and ''asṭa'' ("Master") for drivers. (If you go to Egypt and take a cab anywhere, the cabbie is properly referred to as ''asṭa''). There's also an array of informal ones that can substitute for the "T" term among friends or family, the most common one being ''bāshā'' ("Pasha", an old noble title roughly equivalent to "Duke"), which roughly means "dude" among young men. All of these terms can combine with the first name alone or the last name alone pretty freely, though there are some fixed rules (e.g. drivers are always "''asṭa'' [Firstname]").
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
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Added DiffLines:

* The United Kingdom considers first names informal, and is a fair bit more last-name-intensive than the US. Ironically, though, this breaks down in the aristocracy. The monarch, of course, and several members of the Royal Family are not only referred to by their first names, but for formal purposes aren't even considered to ''have'' last names. (For other purposes, they'll use Windsor, Mountbatten-Windsor, or the place name of one of their titles, such as Wales or Wessex, but this is rare and is more of a stopgap than anything else.) Moreover, knights and dames, though they still have their last names, are properly addressed as Sir or Dame with their ''first'' name, not last; he's Sir Creator/PatrickStewart on first reference and Sir Patrick afterwards, and to his face.
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** On the other end, the biggest variety of spoken Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, has not only a full T-V distinction but also a full system of honorifics almost like in East Asia. The standard Arabic word for "you" (rendered ''inta'' (m) or ''inti'' (f) in Egyptian) is the "T" term and a term roughly meaning "Your Grace" (''ḥaḍretak'' (m)/''ḥaḍretik'' (f)) is the "V," with the "V" term being used fairly similarly to French ''vous'' but with more emphasis on age difference. On top of that, Egyptians have a hierarchy of terms ''above'' ''ḥaḍretak'' to reflect even deeper respect, usually to bosses and government officials (e.g. ''seyattak'', "Your Lordship", usually used to address the Big Cheese at your company--or the President of the country) but also age (especially ''ḥagg'' (m)/''ḥagga'' (f), literally "pilgrim", for the elderly[[note]]On the assumption that anyone that old has made the pilgrimage to Mecca if Muslim or Jerusalem if Christian[[/note]]) and (perceived) social class (e.g. ''ānisa'' "young lady", for a young woman perceived by the speaker to be classy, and ''hānim''[[note]]Literally "wife of a khan", deriving from the Turco-Persian ''khanum''[[/note]] for an older lady of quality). There's also an array of terms of address based on social class and occupation that substitute for the "V"; this includes educational ones like ''ustāz'' ("Professor") but also some weird ones like ''bash muhandes'' ("Chief Engineer") for high-skilled blue-collar workers (e.g. plumbers and electricians), ''rayyis'' ("Chief") for skilled laborers, ''me`allim'' ("Teacher") for unskilled and semi-skilled laborers, ''`amm'' ("Paternal Uncle") for servants, and ''asṭa'' ("Master") for drivers. (If you go to Egypt and take a cab anywhere, the cabbie is properly referred to as ''asṭa''). There's also an array of informal ones that can substitute for the "T" term among friends or family, the most common one being ''bāshā'' ("Pasha", an old noble title roughly equivalent to "Duke"), which roughly means "dude" among young men. All of these terms can combine with the first name alone or the last name alone pretty freely, though there are some fixed rules (e.g. drivers are always "''asṭa'' [Firstname]").

to:

** On the other end, the biggest variety of spoken Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, has not only a full T-V distinction but also a full system of honorifics almost like in East Asia. The standard Arabic word for "you" (rendered ''inta'' (m) or ''inti'' (f) in Egyptian) is the "T" term and a term roughly meaning "Your Grace" (''ḥaḍretak'' (m)/''ḥaḍretik'' (f)) is the "V," with the "V" term being used fairly similarly to French ''vous'' but with more emphasis on age difference. On top of that, Egyptians have a hierarchy of terms ''above'' ''ḥaḍretak'' to reflect even deeper respect, usually to bosses and government officials (e.g. ''seyattak'', "Your Lordship", usually used to address the Big Cheese at your company--or the President of the country) but also age (especially ''ḥagg'' (m)/''ḥagga'' (f), literally "pilgrim", for the elderly[[note]]On the assumption that anyone that old has made the pilgrimage to Mecca if Muslim or Jerusalem if Christian[[/note]]) and (perceived) social class (e.g. ''ānisa'' "young lady", for a young woman perceived by the speaker to be classy, and ''hānim''[[note]]Literally "wife of a khan", deriving from the Turco-Persian ''khanum''[[/note]] for an [[GrandeDame older lady of quality).quality]]). There's also an array of terms of address based on social class and occupation that substitute for the "V"; this includes educational ones like ''ustāz'' ("Professor") but also some weird ones like ''bash muhandes'' ("Chief Engineer") for high-skilled blue-collar workers (e.g. plumbers and electricians), ''rayyis'' ("Chief") for skilled laborers, ''me`allim'' ("Teacher") for unskilled and semi-skilled laborers, ''`amm'' ("Paternal (literally "Paternal Uncle") for servants, and ''asṭa'' ("Master") for drivers. (If you go to Egypt and take a cab anywhere, the cabbie is properly referred to as ''asṭa''). There's also an array of informal ones that can substitute for the "T" term among friends or family, the most common one being ''bāshā'' ("Pasha", an old noble title roughly equivalent to "Duke"), which roughly means "dude" among young men. All of these terms can combine with the first name alone or the last name alone pretty freely, though there are some fixed rules (e.g. drivers are always "''asṭa'' [Firstname]").
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


** On the other end, the biggest variety of spoken Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, has not only a full T-V distinction but also a full system of honorifics almost like in East Asia. The standard Arabic word for "you" (rendered ''inta'' (m) or ''inti'' (f) in Egyptian) is the "T" term and a term roughly meaning "Your Grace" (''ḥaḍretak'' (m)/''ḥaḍretik'' (f)) is the "V," with the "V" term being used fairly similarly to French ''vous'' but with more emphasis on age difference. On top of that, Egyptians have a hierarchy of terms ''above'' ''ḥaḍretak'' to reflect even deeper respect, usually to bosses and government officials (e.g. ''seyattak'', "Your Lordship", usually used to address the Big Cheese at your company--or the President of the country). There's also an array of terms of address based on social class and occupation that substitute for the "V"; this includes educational ones like ''ustāz'' ("Professor") but also some weird ones like ''bash muhandes'' ("Chief Engineer") for high-skilled blue-collar workers (e.g. plumbers and electricians), ''rayyis'' ("Chief") for skilled laborers, ''me`allim'' ("Teacher") for unskilled and semi-skilled laborers, ''`amm'' ("Paternal Uncle") for servants, and ''asṭa'' ("Master") for drivers. (If you go to Egypt and take a cab anywhere, the cabbie is properly referred to as ''asṭa''). There's also an array of informal ones that can substitute for the "T" term among friends or family, the most common one being ''bāshā'' ("Pasha", an old noble title roughly equivalent to "Duke"), which roughly means "dude" among young men. All of these terms can combine with the first name alone or the last name alone pretty freely, though there are some fixed rules (e.g. drivers are always "''asṭa'' [Firstname]").

to:

** On the other end, the biggest variety of spoken Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, has not only a full T-V distinction but also a full system of honorifics almost like in East Asia. The standard Arabic word for "you" (rendered ''inta'' (m) or ''inti'' (f) in Egyptian) is the "T" term and a term roughly meaning "Your Grace" (''ḥaḍretak'' (m)/''ḥaḍretik'' (f)) is the "V," with the "V" term being used fairly similarly to French ''vous'' but with more emphasis on age difference. On top of that, Egyptians have a hierarchy of terms ''above'' ''ḥaḍretak'' to reflect even deeper respect, usually to bosses and government officials (e.g. ''seyattak'', "Your Lordship", usually used to address the Big Cheese at your company--or the President of the country).country) but also age (especially ''ḥagg'' (m)/''ḥagga'' (f), literally "pilgrim", for the elderly[[note]]On the assumption that anyone that old has made the pilgrimage to Mecca if Muslim or Jerusalem if Christian[[/note]]) and (perceived) social class (e.g. ''ānisa'' "young lady", for a young woman perceived by the speaker to be classy, and ''hānim''[[note]]Literally "wife of a khan", deriving from the Turco-Persian ''khanum''[[/note]] for an older lady of quality). There's also an array of terms of address based on social class and occupation that substitute for the "V"; this includes educational ones like ''ustāz'' ("Professor") but also some weird ones like ''bash muhandes'' ("Chief Engineer") for high-skilled blue-collar workers (e.g. plumbers and electricians), ''rayyis'' ("Chief") for skilled laborers, ''me`allim'' ("Teacher") for unskilled and semi-skilled laborers, ''`amm'' ("Paternal Uncle") for servants, and ''asṭa'' ("Master") for drivers. (If you go to Egypt and take a cab anywhere, the cabbie is properly referred to as ''asṭa''). There's also an array of informal ones that can substitute for the "T" term among friends or family, the most common one being ''bāshā'' ("Pasha", an old noble title roughly equivalent to "Duke"), which roughly means "dude" among young men. All of these terms can combine with the first name alone or the last name alone pretty freely, though there are some fixed rules (e.g. drivers are always "''asṭa'' [Firstname]").
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None


** Fast forward to the 2010s and 2020s, and the names "UsefulNotes/{{Steph|enCurry}}", "Klay", "Draymond", "Kawhi", "Kyrie", "Giannis", and Luka [[note]] If you don't follow the NBA, these refer to Steph Curry, Klay Thompson, Draymond Green, Kawhi Leonard, Kyrie Irving, Giannis Antetokounmpo (first name usually pronounced YAHN-is in English, not too far from the actual Greek pronunciation), and Luka Dončić[[/note]] will immediately grab the attention of an average NBA fan.

to:

** Fast forward to the 2010s and 2020s, and the names "UsefulNotes/{{Steph|enCurry}}", "Klay", "Draymond", "Kawhi", "Kyrie", "Giannis", and Luka "Luka" [[note]] If you don't follow the NBA, these refer to Steph Curry, Klay Thompson, Draymond Green, Kawhi Leonard, Kyrie Irving, Giannis Antetokounmpo (first name usually pronounced YAHN-is in English, not too far from the actual Greek pronunciation), and Luka Dončić[[/note]] will immediately grab the attention of an average NBA fan.

Added: 97

Changed: 115

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Ann-Margret Olsson


* Japanese-American actor Mako Iwamatsu was most often credited as "Creator/{{Mako}}".

to:

* Swedish-born American actress Ann-Margret Olsson has most often been credited as "Creator/AnnMargret".
* Similarly.
Japanese-American actor Mako Iwamatsu was most often credited as "Creator/{{Mako}}".



** Fast forward to the 2010s, and the names "UsefulNotes/{{Steph|enCurry}}", "Klay", "Draymond", "Kawhi", "Kyrie", and "Giannis" [[note]] If you don't follow the NBA, these refer to Steph Curry, Klay Thompson, Draymond Green, Kawhi Leonard, Kyrie Irving, and Giannis Antetokounmpo (first name usually pronounced YAHN-is in English, not too far from the actual Greek pronunciation)[[/note]] will immediately grab the attention of an average NBA fan.

to:

** Fast forward to the 2010s, 2010s and 2020s, and the names "UsefulNotes/{{Steph|enCurry}}", "Klay", "Draymond", "Kawhi", "Kyrie", "Giannis", and "Giannis" Luka [[note]] If you don't follow the NBA, these refer to Steph Curry, Klay Thompson, Draymond Green, Kawhi Leonard, Kyrie Irving, and Giannis Antetokounmpo (first name usually pronounced YAHN-is in English, not too far from the actual Greek pronunciation)[[/note]] pronunciation), and Luka Dončić[[/note]] will immediately grab the attention of an average NBA fan.
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None


* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} Swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan". (And his films (and it is about 50/50 if ANY {{Western}}) is called "Klintanfilm"

to:

* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} Swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan". (And And his films (and it is also about 50/50 if ANY {{Western}}) is are called "Klintanfilm""Klintanfilm."
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None


* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} Swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan".

to:

* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} Swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan". (And his films (and it is about 50/50 if ANY {{Western}}) is called "Klintanfilm"
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan".

to:

* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} swedes]], Swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan".
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} Swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan".

to:

* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} Swedes]], swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan".
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of UsefulNotes/[[{{Sweden}} Swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan".

to:

* Creator/ClintEastwood has [[GermansLoveDavidHasselhoff for one reason or another]] been on first name basis with generations of UsefulNotes/[[{{Sweden}} [[UsefulNotes/{{Sweden}} Swedes]], where he is known as "Klintan".

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