Line #29 UsefulNotes/Hungary


1	[[quoteright:353:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/hungary-map_1061.gif]]
2	->"''[[ObligatoryJoke Are you hungry?]]''"
3	-->--Usual foreign reaction to any question regarding Hungary
4
5	Hungary (in Hungarian ''Magyarország'') is a country located in UsefulNotes/{{Central\|Europe}} and Eastern UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}. [[OverusedRunningGag Not]] [[{{Pun}} a land with a hunger problem]], it's known as Magyarország by those who are from there.
6
7	Most important things are covered by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary The Other Wiki]], so there is just some basic info here.
8	----
9	!!Brief history:
10	* Hungarians arrived at the land which would become Hungary at the end of the 9th century, but they did not find it empty. They were your typical nomads, expert in horsemanship and archery, making raids in the relative vicinity. This, and the nomadic style becoming obsolete, of course caused everyone to look at them as a threat, leading to some necessary changes.
11	* Namely, about 1000, King St. Stephen (''Szent István király'') founded a proper kingdom to be taken seriously, also starting the Christianization of the country. This kingdom lasted mostly independently until the 16th century without many serious incidents. The most notable exception were for the part when the [[UsefulNotes/{{Mongolia}} Mongol]] attacks of 1241-1242, which wiped out a sizeable chunk of the country. This necessitated a rebuild that got the king presiding over it the moniker "second founder of the homeland".
12	** One Hungarian national symbol is a crown with a wonky cross on top. This is thought to be St. Stephen's crown. How the cross got bent is a matter of heated academic debate. A folk tale depicts King Mathias hitting the cross with a shovel, when he was startled by the [[OurAngelsAreDifferent angels]] trying to crown him. The real explanation is likely that it was damaged while hidden from one of Hungary's conquerors.
13	* Since the 14th century, the country had skirmishes and large scale battles with the Ottoman Empire. That ended with an invasion of part of Hungary in 1541. The country was torn into three parts, one controlled by the Ottoman Empire, one by Habsburg Austria and one part into [[{{Uberwald}} Transylvania]], a small country balanced between the other two, mainly for protection.
14	* In the 17th century, the Ottomans were defeated by the Habsburgs, who reunited the three parts under their rule. To say that the relationship between the Hungarians and the Austrians has had its ups and downs is one way of putting it.
15	* This led to two large revolutions. Let's just say there were major cooperation errors between the Habsburgs and the Hungarian nobility (even though there were factions that sided with them). The [[UsefulNotes/RevolutionsOf1848 one in 1848-49]] led to the export of some fine military leaders to Europe and America (ever wondered from where the [[TabletopGame/DungeonsAndDragons fire lord Kossuth]] comes or what is the meaning of the K. in Jerome K. Jerome?)
16	* After some intense peacemaking, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was born. This was also thanks to the influence of Austrian Empress/Queen Consort of Hungary, UsefulNotes/{{Elisabeth\|Of Austria}} of Wittelsbach aka Sisi, who adored Hungary so much that she spent more time in Hungarian lands than in {{UsefulNotes/Vienna}} itself. This lasted until the end of the UsefulNotes/FirstWorldWar, when about three-quarters of the country were divided between the neighboring countries, leaving large ethnic Hungarian minorities there. This is known as the Treaty of Trianon and is the source of intense [[FlameWar flame wars]] in Hungary even to this day, not to mention some serious conflicts with the neighbors. Thing is, the Entente did the splitting ''intentionally'', with two goals: making Hungary unable to effectively go to war ever again, and giving the new states of Czechoslovakia and UsefulNotes/{{Yugoslavia}}, as well as the enlarged UsefulNotes/{{Romania}}, a common enemy in revanchist Hungary, [[GenghisGambit thus facilitating their cooperation with each other]] (the "Little Entente") and making them dependent on UsefulNotes/{{France}} to guarantee their sovereignty in the face of renewed Hungarian, German, or Soviet aggression.
17	* As a result, Hungary developed a severe case of UsefulNotes/{{Fascism}}, sided with the losing side again in UsefulNotes/WorldWarTwo (though they tried to jump ship when things started to really go south, it only helped Hungary being treated with mistrust by both the Germans and the approaching Soviets) and became CommieLand after the war. The era and its more dubious aspects still inspire heated debates and [[FlameWar flame wars]] today.
18	* TheFifties were a tough decade, as the Communists pulled out all the stops in consolidating and keeping power. Most people weren't too happy, which led to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The Soviets crushed it in a matter of days.
19	** This also resulted in a bit of a conundrum for absent sportsmen (as in, do they return or find a way to stay in the West?), as this was the year of the [[UsefulNotes/OlympicGames Summer Olympics]] in {{UsefulNotes/Melbourne}}, which were starting/ongoing around this time. Special note should go to the Men's Water Polo semifinals with Hungary vs the [[UsefulNotes/SovietRussiaUkraineAndSoOn Soviet Union]], aka, the Blood in the Water match (or Melbourne Bloodbath as known in Hungarian), where Hungary won 4-0 despite one of the Soviet players clocking one of the Hungarian ones badly enough to cause a nasty gash above the eye, which bled quite a lot.
20	* After 1956, Hungary went through some more low-key reforms, and became ironically known as "the happiest barracks in the camp", under "Goulash Communism". It was also during this time that they had a really, ''really'' good football team; they won three Olympic gold medals, but sadly never won a [[UsefulNotes/TheWorldCup World Cup]] (losing the 1954 final to UsefulNotes/WestGermany in a match known in Germany as "The Miracle in Bern"). [[note]]In Hungary, the public regarded the second place as such an act of betrayal and treason that the returning team had to be smuggled off the train about 70 kms from the capital - if they were still on the train when it ran into the main railway station, the team would have been ''lynched by the angry mob waiting for them''.[[/note]]
21	* Following the Soviet collapse, Hungary became a democracy and a member of {{UsefulNotes/NATO}} and UsefulNotes/TheEuropeanUnion. It still uses its own currency, the Forint, but is obliged to adopt the Euro in the future. Since 2010, the current government is led by the conservative right Fidesz[[note]]initially an acronym of "Alliance of Young Democrats" - the acronym was kept but the full name was dropped as the party members grew older (and, according to their critics, became less democratic)[[/note]], which despite many unpopular (and some obviously nepotistic) policies, managed to acquire supermajority and even retain it for their second term. Though some gerrymandering may have been involved, and the supermajority was lost a few months into their second term due to interim municipal elections). The party's PM Viktor Orbán is still the most popular politician among the increasingly politically apathetic citizenry. In recent years, Hungary has experienced a geopolitical shift eastward, making a series of economic cooperation treaties with {{UsefulNotes/Russia}} and {{UsefulNotes/China}} in response to many of the government's economic policies sparking controversy and condemnation from Brussels, coupled with a major bribery scandal that saw multiple high-ranking Hungarian government officials being declared ''persona non grata'' in the UsefulNotes/UnitedStates.
22	** The Socialist Party (the legal successor of the state party from the Communist era) gained back some popularity in TheNineties and the [[TurnOfTheMillennium early 2000s]]. It became Fidesz's primary opponent, but it lost face between 2006 and 2008 from a political scandal of epic proportions. Since then, the political left in Hungary has been bleeding from countless wounds; numerous leftist parties formed, both by former socialist politicians and by new faces, [[WeAreStrugglingTogether resulting in the Hungarian political left being too fragmented to pose much threat to Fidesz]]. Yet these are all eclipsed by nationalist far-right party Jobbik[[note]]literally meaning "the right/better one", shortened from "Movement for a Right/Better Hungary"[[/note]] which [[DarkHorseVictory exploded out of nowhere to get a parliament seat in the 2010 elections]], steadily increasing its popular support to the point where it acquired a seat in the European Parliament, won the 2015 interim municipal election that resulted in Fidesz being [[DecidedByOneVote one representative short of a supermajority]] for the first time since 2010 and as of 2016 are considered Fidesz' primary contender in place of the socialists, even with every other party in the country (and most EP representatives) collectively refusing to cooperate with Jobbik out of concern for their far-right leaning. In the past years, Jobbik carried out repeated purges of its more radical elements in an attempt to make themselves more palatable to those who are put off by their nationalism (they had picked up a reputation as not just far-right but neo-fascist, something they desperately want to shed). Unlike Fidesz and the leftists who maintained their core voter base within the pensioner-age generation that brought them to power in 1989, Jobbik's voters are mostly below the age of 30.
23	** The country is also still reeling from an economic crisis: although it didn't reach the sort of severity seen in {{UsefulNotes/Greece}} or {{UsefulNotes/Spain}}, it came too close for comfort. In the latest years the economy shows an annual ~3% GDP growth. Additionally, several companies and even a bank had recently left the country due to an ongoing wave of nationalization in the economy.
24
25	!!Geography:
26	* Hungary's landlocked, with the 2 biggest rivers dividing it into three huge regions- Transdanubia (beyond the Danube), Between-Danube-and-Tisza, and Transtisza (beyond the Tisza).
27	* Transdanubia has the highest ratio of hills of the three, almost all of it being more or less hilly, except for the Small Plains found in the northwest and some swaths of plains between the Danube, the Transdanubian Hills, Balaton and Mecsek.
28	* Balaton, that big lake, deserves its own mention- it's the biggest lake in all of Central Europe. It's sometimes called "the Hungarian sea" jokingly.
29	* The areas east of the Danube are mostly all flatland, called the Great Plains or just The Plains, except for the Northern Hungarian Hills, which features the highest point in Hungary (Kékestető, at a measly 1014 m).
30	* Also bears mentioning is that the country, especially Transdanubia and the capital Budapest, have loads of geothermal energy in the form of hot springs which have been made use of by spas, and a huge lake that is all natural thermal water, called Hévíz (literally the term for "geo-thermal water").[[note]]To Mexicans: Kind of like Aguascalientes.[[/note]]
31
32	!!Language and culture:
33	* The Hungarian language is part of the Finno-Ugric grouping of the Uralic family and related only to Finnish, Estonian and the Sámi languages in Europe, as well as several minority languages in the European part of Russia. In fact, the two languages that are most closely related to Hungarian, Khanty and Mansi, are spoken in the Asian part of Russia. This makes it ideal for FunWithForeignLanguages or AsLongAsItSoundsForeign. Check out [[Hu/{{Homepage}} the homepage in Hungarian]]. All the dialogue in ''[[VideoGame/SineMora Sine Mora]]'' is in Hungarian.
34	** And while most linguists agree with the above, nationalistic Hungarians sometimes prefer to give credit to the Turkic peoples. Check Website/TheOtherWiki for some {{flamewar}}s.
35	** Some fringe [[ConspiracyTheorist Hungarian nationalists]] also claim a relationship with [[Myth/MesopotamianMythology Sumerians]] or the [[AncientAstronauts denizens of Sirius B]]. Research this on your own risk.
36	* The word "Hungarian" has nothing to do with the Huns. That's a rather wishful RetCon from the 13th century.
37	** Actually it is a bastardization of the external name, ''onoğur'' (which is a Turkic term meaning ''ten tribes'') and was never used by the Hungarians themselves - ''magyar'' being the local version. See German ''Ungarisch'', French ''hongrois''. Initially the association of the Hungarians with Huns (possibly a direct result of said bastardization) was intended to be insulting (as the Magyar people were widely seen by Western Europe as barbarians just like the Huns), eventually the Hungarians [[AppropriatedAppellation decided they liked the idea]] on the basis that the Huns were powerful and feared.
38	** On the other hand, it's a popular theory that the French words ''hongrois'' and ''[[OurOgresAreHungrier ogre]]'' are etymologically related - in TheMiddleAges, Western cultures presumably viewed the nomadic Hungarians as monstrous barbarians, naming a fictional monster after them.
39	* Family name first. Yes, there are ''massive'' inconsistencies with the ordering of Japanese and Chinese names, since most people are not aware that these cultures share the same naming order. [[note]]And that isn't even mentioning the romanization. There seems to be a pretty strong dispute over this, as there are people who insist on following the Hepburn romanization for Japanese, even though it was developed for English and thus is completely unsuited for Hungarian. The opposite group (currently the official standard) insists on using a romanization that follows Hungarian pronounciation, even though barely any people speak Japanese so mispronunciations abound. Also, it looks rather [[https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japán_nyelv silly]].[[/note]]
40	** How exactly Hungary, which is geographically and culturally so far removed from other parts of the world that use this name order, came to place family name first is something that's been lost to history. [[note]]The most common explanation brought up offers the way attributes work in various languages vs in Hungarian- as there were more and more people with the same given name, they needed to differentiate between them. In English and many other languages, this probably went somewhat like, "John the tanner" becoming "John Tanner", whereas in Hungarian, it would have been "a varga János" becoming "Varga János" (using the literal translation of tanner -varga - and the Hungarian form of John - János - in the example). [[/note]]
41	*** Keep in mind the epithets and attributes of rulers and various personages (great, tall, elder, younger, lackland...), as well as their "numbering", also precede their given names in Hungarian (as well as dropping the article, i.e., the, where English, German, French, etc. might use it in these situations).
42	* Following the same logic of putting more general concepts first and more specific concepts last, dates are written in the order year-month-day and addresses are written in the order postcode, town, street name, house number.
43	* All pronouns are gender-neutral and there's no grammatical gender, which simplifies things a lot; on the other hand, the language is agglutinative so it uses a [[SesquipedalianLoquaciousness metric fuckton]] of inflections.
44	** The latter makes Hungarian an ''excellent'' language for cursing the hell out of someone when used by a verbally creative person. Kinda like French in this regard...
45	** Its agglutinative nature means that Hungarian-speakers can construct entirely new words on the spot, and there is ''no'' upper limit on how long a word can get. [[StarfishLanguage For instance, "fiaiéiéiéiéiéiéiéiéiéiéiéiéi" is a grammatically correct Hungarian word,]] ''[[StarfishLanguage but it can't be translated to English without context.]]''[[note]]"Fiai" means "his sons", while the "éi"-s are a series of plural possessive constructs inlaid into each other, referring to a series of things possessing each other in a row. "Fiaiéiéi", for example, could refer to the exhaust pipes of the cars of a person's sons, with one "fiai" and two "éi"-s. In English, you'd have to name each of the possessions in order, while Hungarian can omit it at will. Needless to say, this structure isn't frequently used in common speech, but it ''is'' grammatically correct.[[/note]] A common form of Hungarian wordplay is taking a relatively short word and tacking an unreasonable amount of prefixes and suffixes onto it while still keeping it meaningful; a famous example is "megszentségteleníthetetlenségeskedéseitekért".[[note]]The base word is "szent" ("sacred"), and the word's approximate meaning is "for your (plural) continous behavior as if you couldn't be desecrated".[[/note]]
46	* AlienAmongUs: Hungarian scientists were jokingly referred as Martians during their stay in the States. Did somebody taking this joke out of context spawn the idea that space aliens were giving us their technology? Who knows. Since there were a lot of Jews in Hungary, and Hungary was a UsefulNotes/{{Nazi\|Germany}} puppet state during UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, there were understandably quite a lot of Hungarian Jewish scientists (and frequently their Christian colleagues) heading to America. The most famous are the (highly eccentric) mathematicians John von Neumann and Paul Erdős (Neumann János and Erdős Pál in Hungarian) and the (batshit insane) nuclear physicist Edward Teller (Teller Ede). Another famous Hungarian Jew in the sciences is Andrew Grove (Gróf András), who fled to the States during the 1956 revolution and went on to co-found semiconductor giant Intel.
47	* [=GulaschSuppe=]: The single most famous Hungarian dish, mostly written exactly like that for foreigners. In Hungarian it is ''gulyásleves''. In English it's called "goulash", though in North America the word refers to a totally different dish.
48	* Hungarian has given the world some famous composers, including Music/FranzLiszt and Music/BelaBartok. Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsody" (particular the second movement) is instantly recognizable from its use in so many cartoons.
49	* The most famous Hungarian actor of all time is Creator/BelaLugosi, best known as the most iconic {{Dracula}} on film. The most famous Hungarian actress of all time is Creator/ZsaZsaGabor.
50	* The most famous Hungarian soccer player is [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Puskás Puskás Öcsi]][[note]]"Li'l bro", given name Ferenc[[/note]], captain of the Golden Team, Hungary's wildly successful and almost deified to this day football/soccer team from the Fifties (people ''still'' go on about the CurbStompBattle this team gave England, beating them first at Wembley (England 3, Hungary 6) then in Hungary (Hungary 7, England... ''1'').
51	* Another famous sports personage with a stadium in Budapest named after him is boxer Papp László (aka Papp Laci), famously left-handed as an adage attributed to him goes: "My right hand, that's the Rókus Hospital, and my left, that's the graveyard."
52	* UsefulNotes/{{Tennis}} great Monica Seles is ''ethnically'' Hungarian, although she never lived in the country, being part of the historic Hungarian minority in modern-day UsefulNotes/{{Serbia}}.
53	* Another all-time sporting great who's an ethnic Hungarian is American volleyball legend Karch Kiraly,[[note]]given name Charles[[/note]] the only person ever to win Olympic gold medals (or, for that matter, medals of any color) in both indoor and beach volleyball (indoor in 1984 and 1988, beach in 1996). His father fled Hungary for the US during the 1956 revolution.
54	* Also ethnically Hungarian, but born in Romania: Gymnast Szabo Katalin, a multi-medal-winning Olympian and world champion several times over. She's better known to history as Ecaterina Szabo; her name was changed by the Communist government to try hide her background for political reasons.
55	* The most famous Hungarian ''person'' of all time may very well be Creator/HarryHoudini.[[note]]This is why Houdini thought Arthur Conan Doyle's wife, who claimed to be a medium who had a message for Houdini from Houdini's deceased mother, was a fraud: The message was in English and Houdini's mother never spoke a word of that language, being born in Budapest. This lead to Doyle and Houdini massively falling out.[[/note]]
56	* Creator/JudithBarsi was also ethnically Hungarian as both her parents had emigrated to the USA following the 1956 Soviet invasion.
57	* On a darker note, another well-known Hungarian is the infamous "Blood Countess" UsefulNotes/ElizabethBathory, a pre-modern SerialKiller who was active during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. According to some legends, she also [[BloodBath drained her victims of their blood so that she could bathe in it]], believing that [[LiquidAssets it held the secret to eternal youth]]. Her reputation has left a lasting influence on GothicHorror and [[OurVampiresAreDifferent vampire]] lore.
58	* Hungary is also the birthplace of mathemetician Ernő Rubik, and his invention, the [[MysteriousCubeOfRubik eponymous]] [[RubiksCubeInternationalGeniusSymbol Cube]].
59	* Creator/StephenColbert almost had one of the main bridges named after him on the Danube. Hell, everyone in the country voted for him in the online poll. ''1.7 times.''
60	* Former Hungarian Ambassador to the United States András Simonyi plays a mean guitar.
61	* "[[UsefulNotes/{{Poland}} Pole]] and Hungarian are two brothers, they fight and drink together." There's even a Day of Polish-Hungarian friendship in both countries. (March 23rd, in case you wondered.)
62	** To confused non-Magyars/non-Poles: "Poles and Hungarians are brothers, they fight and drink together" (loosely translated) is a short rhyme in both Polish and Hungarian, and a symbol of the traditional good relations between the two countries.
63	*** The alliance dates back to the 11th century, when Béla the Boxer, following the execution of his father, took refuge in Poland. He married king Mieszko Lambert's daughter, and their sons Géza and László were born in Cracow. In 1060 Béla, supported by his Polish allies, defeated his brother Andrew and became the new king of Hungary.
64	** Said traditional good relations included help from the Poles in the 1848-49 revolution and in the 1956 one too.
65	** Somewhat more unsettlingly, it was a Hungarian (the aforementioned batshit-crazy Edward Teller) and a Pole (Stanisław Ulam) living in America who came up with the first design for the [[UsefulNotes/NuclearWeapons hydrogen bomb]]. To be fair, the Russian Andrei Sakharov had the same idea independently almost immediately afterward (which is why the H-bomb is called the "Teller-Ulam Design" in the West but "Sakharov's Third Idea" in the former Soviet bloc). On the other hand, while Ulam and Sakharov later forswore nuclear research (and Sakharov became an anti-nuclear campaigner [[note]]And then human-rights campaigner and democracy activist in the ''Soviet Union'', earning him a Nobel Peace Prize and exile to Siberia[[/note]]), Teller started advocating ever more deadly weapons (he was the one who convinced the US Air Force to seriously pursue the H-bomb in the first place), including the notorious "Star Wars" anti-missile system in TheEighties. Like we said, batshit.
66	* Hungary and UsefulNotes/{{Austria}} meanwhile have what can be best described as a VitriolicBestBuds relationship with all its ups and downs. Despite whatever bad blood was spilled over the centuries, such as in [[UsefulNotes/RevolutionsOf1848 the 1848-49 revolts]], ties between the two peoples still remain close if quiet.
67	** The best example to that (apart from some Hungarians still calling Austrians "brothers-in-law" in jest) is when in the 2010s, one year Hungary had a freak snowstorm on March 15th (after weeks of spring-ish weather), grinding huge parts of the country to a gridlock. Austria sent help to deal with the situation. What's so special about this? Well the date just so happens to be ''the anniversary of the day the aforementioned revolution in 1848 started.''
68	* On the other hand, Hungarians and [[UsefulNotes/{{Romania}} Romanians]] don't exactly get along that well. A centuries-long dispute over rightful ownership of Transylvania (with all the attendant UsefulNotes/MisplacedNationalism and abusive historical {{Ret Con}}s), the fact that it was settled by the Trianon treaty at the small price of having Hungary lose 72% of its territory (but surprisingly only about a third of its ethnically Hungarian population, since the majority of the population of Transylvania actually was ethnically Romanian according to all censuses of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), something that Hungarians can be a bit bitter about, and a [[CurbStompBattle Curb Stomp War]] in 1919 with a side helping of Romanian occupation, plundering (in retaliation for the Central Powers doing the same thing during UsefulNotes/WW1) and harsh armistice terms didn't help.
69	** Important note: don't confuse Bu'''d'''a'''p'''est (capital of Hungary) with Bu'''ch'''a'''r'''est (capital of Romania) in earshot of the locals of either place. They tend to get... [[BerserkButton twitchy]].
70	*** In 2013, Bucharest--which tends to get the worst of this exchange on account of being lesser-known--launched a [[http://www.theatlanticcities.com/arts-and-lifestyle/2013/08/bucharest-would-remind-you-once-again-it-not-budapest/6461/ Bucharest Not Budapest]] touristic ad campaign to get people to learn the difference. This included a "Welcome to Not Bucharest" billboard on the main road out of Budapest-Franz Liszt International Airport.
71	*** Easy way to remember the difference: Bucha'''r'''est has an '''"R"''' in its name, and it belongs to the country that ''starts'' with an R: ''R''omania.
72	** Hungary and [[UsefulNotes/{{Slovakia}} Slovakia]] are also on quite bad terms, for similar reasons as Romania. Long story short, there's a ''lot'' of bad blood in the Carpathian Basin.
73	** Additionally, Hungary also has bad historical relations with UsefulNotes/{{Serbia}}[[note]]then again, they're like that with ''most'' of their neighbors, considering the events that happened during the [[UsefulNotes/TheYugoslavWars dissolution of Yugoslavia]][[/note]]. An improvement was made in the last couple of years, with presidents of Hungary and Serbia developing quite cordial relations.
74	* Hungarian characters in foreign works rarely have authentic Hungarian names[[note]]this includes the [[Webcomic/HetaliaAxisPowers author-stated given name of the personification of the country too]][[/note]], the writers usually settle for Slavic or German cognates. The reason for this is partly writers not doing the research, but also that foreigners often find Hungarian writing/pronunciation very confusing.
75	* Reported incidents of [[Webcomic/HetaliaAxisPowers seizing vital regions]] are somewhat exaggerated.
76	** The YaoiFangirl reputation, though, seems to stem from Hungary's reputation for porn and sexual prowess.
77	* In Disney's ''WesternAnimation/TheRescuers'', Miss Bianca represents Hungary, the home country of her voice actress Eva Gabor (sister of the aforementioned Zsa Zsa Gabor). [[AsLongAsItSoundsForeign Which is why her name is Italian.]] Though that was because it was her name in the books.
78	** Not to mention, Bianka (note the spelling) does exist as a name in Hungarian and is pronounced the same way as in Italian.
79	* Hungarian cinema, though not so well-known as other countries', has produced its share of internationally acclaimed works. Notable directors include Miklos Jancso (''The Red and the White''), Istvan Szabo (''Film/ColonelRedl'') and Creator/BelaTarr (''Film/{{Satantango}}''). Additionally, several giants of British (namely the Korda Brothers and Emeric Pressburger) and American cinema (directors Creator/GeorgeCukor and Michael Curtiz, cinematographers Laszlo Kovacs and Ernest Laszlo, screenwriter Creator/JoeEszterhas and composer Miklos Rozsa) were Hungarians, along with Creator/BelaLugosi.
80	* The town of Sopron (''Ödenburg'' in German) along the Austrian border is notable for being the only portion of what is now known as the Austrian state of Burgenland that remained Hungarian following a plebiscite at the end of UsefulNotes/WorldWarI (and subsequent dissolution of Austria-Hungary), despite the ethnic makeup of the city being majority German/Austrian at the time. As a result, it's since been called ''Civitas Fidelissima'' or "The Most Loyal Town." The area is also the site of the [[http://www.goethe.de/ges/pok/ddg/en4236972.htm Pan-European Picnic]] in 1989[[note]]one of the events that would lead up to the fall of the Berlin Wall[[/note]] and is known among Austrians for cheap dentistry.
81
82	!! See also:
83	[[index]]
84	* HungarianMedia
85	[[/index]]
86	----
87	[[AC:The Hungarian Flag]]
88	[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/flag_of_hungary.png]]
89	->The red, white and green colors derive from the coat of arms; popular folklore (eventually made official in the 2012 constitution) attaches to the colors the meanings of strength, faithfulness and hope, respectively.
90	----
91	[[AC:Coat of arms of Hungary]]
92	[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/coat_of_arms_of_hungary.png]]
93	->The coat of arms has elements that goes way back to the Middle Ages. The shield has two parts: The dexter (right side from the bearer's point) features the so-called Árpád stripes, four Argent (silver) and four Gules (red) stripes. Traditionally, the silver stripes represent four rivers: Duna (Danube), Tisza, Dráva, and Száva and t he sinister (left side from the bearer's point) consists of an Argent (silver) double cross on Gules (red) base, situated inside a small Or (golden) crown, the crown is placed on the middle heap of three Vert (green) hills, representing the mountain ranges (trimount) Tátra, Mátra, and Fátra (made up of the Greater Fatra and Lesser Fatra ranges). Atop the shield rests the Holy Crown of St. Stephen (Stephen I of Hungary, István király), a crown that remains in the Parliament building (Országház) in Budapest today.
94	----
95	[[AC:The Hungarian national anthem]]
96
97	->Isten, áldd meg a magyart
98	->Jó kedvvel, bőséggel,
99	->Nyújts feléje védő kart,
100	->Ha küzd ellenséggel;
101	->Bal sors akit régen tép,
102	->Hozz rá víg esztendőt,
103	->Megbűnhődte már e nép
104	->A múltat s jövendőt!
105
106	->Őseinket felhozád
107	->Kárpát szent bércére,
108	->Általad nyert szép hazát
109	->Bendegúznak vére.
110	->S merre zúgnak habjai
111	->Tiszának, Dunának,
112	->Árpád hős magzatjai
113	->Felvirágozának.
114
115	->Értünk Kunság mezein
116	->Ért kalászt lengettél,
117	->Tokaj szőlővesszein
118	->Nektárt csepegtettél.
119	->Zászlónk gyakran plántálád
120	->Vad török sáncára,
121	->S nyögte Mátyás bús hadát
122	->Bécsnek büszke vára.
123
124	->Hajh, de bűneink miatt
125	->Gyúlt harag kebledben,
126	->S elsújtád villámidat
127	->Dörgő fellegedben,
128	->Most rabló mongol nyilát
129	->Zúgattad felettünk,
130	->Majd töröktől rabigát
131	->Vállainkra vettünk.
132
133	->Hányszor zengett ajkain
134	->Ozmán vad népének
135	->Vert hadunk csonthalmain
136	->Győzedelmi ének!
137	->Hányszor támadt tenfiad
138	->Szép hazám, kebledre,
139	->S lettél magzatod miatt
140	->Magzatod hamvvedre!
141
142	->Bújt az üldözött, s felé
143	->Kard nyúlt barlangjában,
144	->Szerte nézett s nem lelé
145	->Honját a hazában,
146	->Bércre hág és völgybe száll,
147	->Bú s kétség mellette,
148	->Vérözön lábainál,
149	->S lángtenger fölette.
150
151	->Vár állott, most kőhalom,
152	->Kedv s öröm röpkedtek,
153	->Halálhörgés, siralom
154	->Zajlik már helyettek.
155	->S ah, szabadság nem virúl
156	->A holtnak véréből,
157	->Kínzó rabság könnye hull
158	->Árvánk hő szeméből!
159
160	->Szánd meg Isten a magyart
161	->Kit vészek hányának,
162	->Nyújts feléje védő kart
163	->Tengerén kínjának.
164	->Bal sors akit régen tép,
165	->Hozz rá víg esztendőt,
166	->Megbűnhődte már e nép
167	->A múltat s jövendőt!
168	--
169	->God, bless the Hungarian
170	->With good mood and prosperity,
171	->Extend to him a guarding arm
172	->When he struggles with his foes;
173	->To those long torn by ill fate
174	->Bring a cheerful year,
175	->This people has already paid for the sins
176	->Of the past and future!
177
178	->You brought our ancestors up
179	->Over the Carpathians' holy peaks
180	->Through You, a fair homeland was won
181	->By the bloodline of Bendeguz
182	->And wherever roars the foam of
183	->The Tisza and the Danube,
184	->The seeds of the hero Árpád
185	->Come to full flower.
186
187	->For us, on the meadows of the Cuman land,
188	->You made ripe ears of grain sway,
189	->On the vines of Tokaj
190	->You dripped sweet nectar.
191	->Our flag you often planted
192	->On the wild Turk's rampart,
193	->And so groaned under Mátyás' dark host
194	->The proud castle of Vienna.
195
196	->Ah, but for our sins
197	->Anger gathered in Your bosom
198	->And as you dispatched Your lightning
199	->In Your thundering heavens,
200	->Now the plundering Mongol's arrows
201	->You let hum above us,
202	->Then from the Turk, a captive's yoke
203	->We took upon our shoulders.
204
205	->How often came from the lips
206	->Of Osman's wild people
207	->Atop our beaten host's corpse piles
208	->A victorious song!
209	->How often did your own son aggress,
210	->My fair homeland, upon your breast,
211	->And you became, because of your offspring,
212	->Your own offspring's funeral urn!
213
214	->The fugitive hid, and towards him
215	->A sword reached, in his cave,
216	->Looking al about, he could not find
217	->His home in the homeland;
218	->He climbs the peak, descends the valley,
219	->Sorrow and doubt along with him,
220	->A deluge of blood at his feet,
221	->A sea of flame above him.
222
223	->A castle stood, now a heap of stones
224	->Happiness and joy fluttered away,
225	->Death groans, weeping
226	->Now sound in their place.
227	->And Ah! Freedom does not bloom
228	->From the blood of the dead,
229	->Torturous slavery's tears fall
230	->From the burning eyes of our orphan!
231
232	->Pity, O Lord, the Hungarian,
233	->Who is tossed about by calamity,
234	->Extend to him a guarding arm
235	->On the sea of his suffering,
236	->To those long torn by ill fate
237	->Bring a cheerful year,
238	->This people has already paid for the sins
239	->Of the past and future!
240	----
241	[[AC:Government]]
242	* Unitary parliamentary republic
243	** President: Tamás Sulyok
244	** Prime Minister: Viktor Orbán
245	** Speaker of the National Assembly: László Kövér
246	----
247	[[AC:Miscellaneous]]
248	* '''Capital and largest city:''' Budapest
249	* '''Population:''' 9,730,000
250	* '''Area:''' 93,030 sq km (35,920 sq mi) (108th)
251	* '''Currency''': Hungarian forint (Ft) (HUF)
252	* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' HU
253	* '''Country calling code:''' 36
254	* '''Highest point:''' Kékes (1014 m/3,327 ft) (160th)

Context UsefulNotes / Hungary