Line #26 UsefulNotes/China


1	[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/China_map_9732.gif]]
2	[[caption-width-right:350: If we didn't include Taiwan, we'd be BannedInChina.[[note]]Technically, this map still fails to include South Tibet (Most of Arunachal Pradash administered by India today) or denotes Chinese ownership of South China Sea Islands; however nobody cares unless a website (or its users) actively politically oppose Chinese officialdom.[[/note]]]]
3
4	->''"Let China sleep, for when she wakes she will move the world."''
5	-->-- attributed to '''UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte''', though we don't actually know who really originated it
6
7	The second most populated country in the world, the third largest in area after UsefulNotes/{{Russia}} and UsefulNotes/{{Canada}}, and an economic, industrial and cultural powerhouse, China (Chinese: 中国, ''Zhōngguó''), officially the '''People's Republic of China''' (PRC) (Chinese: 中华人民共和国, ''Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó'') is a major country in Asia.
8
9	China is one of the world's oldest civilizations — having been one of only six to have formed independently (meaning not having an already-established civilization give them the idea of civilization creation), one of only five to have developed a writing system independently (the only one still in use today!), and has the longest continuous history of any country in the world. The main "centers" of Chinese civilization in modern Sinology are considered to be the Yellow River, Liao River, and Yangtze River. This is in contrast to the old theory that Chinese civilization began solely at the Yellow River and radiated outwards, although the Yellow River region would remain by far the most important area in Chinese history.
10
11	The proto-Sino-Tibetan people likely originated at the middle Yellow River of northern China and split around 6,000–8,000 years ago into the proto-Tibeto-Burman and proto-Sinitic branches. The proto-Tibeto-Burmans headed westwards while the proto-Sinitics remained in northern China. The proto-Sinitic tribes that lived by the Yellow River underwent extensive cultural and technological advancements largely due to the unpredictability of the river on which they depended on. The early Sinitic-speaking agricultural tribes from the ''Yangshao culture'' eventually formed a confederacy with the Liao River people from the ''Hongshan culture'' to their north. The two river cultures had interacted with each other extensively before the people of the Hongshan culture made a southward migration to the Yellow River likely due to climate change.
12
13	Chinese culture was more strongly influenced by the Yangshao people in terms of language, silk production, millet agriculture, and pottery making, but with the religious practices of the Hongshan people. Thus, early Chinese religion was shamanistic. Shamanism would lose its importance after the Shang Dynasty, but the grand religious ceremonies and rituals of the Xia such as [[DragonsAreDivine dragon worship]] and feng shui would remain. Combined, the Yangshao and Hongshan became known as the ''Huaxia''. With the ''Hua'' in the name meaning "illustrious" in reference to their elaborate clothing (the Yangshao people were involved in silk production) and the "Xia" meaning "grand" in reference to their ceremonial etiquette (the Hongshan people had complicated religious rituals).
14
15	The Huaxia began to conquer surrounding territories and absorb foreign populations which allowed for their expansion. The Huaxia would go on to form empires with the Qin Dynasty being the first unified Chinese empire. The Han Dynasty is considered one of the early great eras of Chinese civilization. Thus, the Huaxia would go on to call themselves "Han people" and are known as the "Han Chinese" in English. Over thousands of years, the Han Chinese made a continuous expansion out of their homeland - primarily in a southward direction where they assimilated the native inhabitants of the Yangtze River. The Han Chinese even reached as far as central Vietnam and they ended up ruling Vietnam for over a thousand years.
16
17	Today there is a genetic cline in China -- Northern Han Chinese have highly uniform paternal and maternal lines, being a very genetically homogeneous group that formed about 3000 years ago, while Southern Han Chinese have similar paternal lines to the Northern Han but more diverse maternal ones. The Northern Han are the greatest contributors to the Southern Han gene pool, but the southern Han have a large portion of maternal ancestry derived from pre-Chinese indigenous populations, primarily the ethnic groups of the Yangtze River. This indicates an extensive practise of intermarriage between Han men and non-Han women.
18
19	Chinese prehistory is still largely a mystery due to it being centered around the Yellow River, which was a poor region for archaeological preservation. The details are still hotly debated today. Even what is "common knowledge" now may be [[DatedHistory outdated]] in the next few years.
20
21	What is far better recorded is the period known as ''{{Imperial China}}'', starting from the Qin, China would have a dynastic imperial system of governance for the next 2000 years. The Chinese state would constantly alternate between periods of extreme chaos and peaceful golden eras as it fractured and reunited over time. China was the dominant cultural powerhouse of East Asia for most of its existence. Although ironically, the best known Chinese eras to Westerners were the ''foreign'' dynasties of the Yuan and Qing due to Marco Polo's adventures in Yuan China and because China was being brutally colonized by Western powers and Japan in the Qing -- these were the periods when China was arguably at it's "least Chinese" and it contributed to the poor understanding the West had of the nation. Even today the West is largely ignorant of Chinese history with its preference to undervalue Chinese studies due to the bad blood that generated between China and the West starting from the late Qing.
22
23	In 2003, China became the third nation to have sent a man into space with its own rockets. The President and Vice President of the People's Republic of China serve for five year terms with no term limits; this, plus the lack of political opposition, basically allows them to [[PresidentForLife serve for life]]. However, true authority lies with the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China[[note]]The Chairman's and Vice Chairman's seats were abolished, hence why the General Secretary now holds the highest authority in the party. [[/note]] while top military command goes to Chairman of the Central Military Commission, a role usually also hold by the General Secretary who's usually elected as the President (still known as the State Chairman in Chinese). Basically one has to hold these three positions to gain full power of the head of government of China. The General Secretary is secretly decided by the Communist Party.
24	----
25	!! Chinese Culture
26	[[index]]
27	* UsefulNotes/BaGua
28	* UsefulNotes/ChineseWithChopperSupport (The People's Liberation Army)
29	** UsefulNotes/TheDragonsTeeth (Chinese Nuclear Weapons)
30	* UsefulNotes/ChineseLanguage
31	** UsefulNotes/ChineseDialectsAndAccents
32	** UsefulNotes/WhyMaoChangedHisName (transliteration)
33	** UsefulNotes/ChineseSiblingTerminology
34	* Myth/ChineseMythology
35	** AsianLionDogs
36	* UsefulNotes/ChineseNames
37	* Creator/{{Confucius}}
38	* UsefulNotes/ChineseFuneraryCustoms
39	* EasternZodiac
40	* FightingPanda
41	* FourIsDeath
42	* UsefulNotes/GreenIsBlue
43	* TabletopGame/{{Mahjong}}
44	* UsefulNotes/PekingOpera
45	* UsefulNotes/{{Qipao}}
46	* UsefulNotes/{{Qixi}}
47	* UsefulNotes/{{Taoism}}
48	* UsefulNotes/TeaAndTeaCulture
49	* ''TabletopGame/{{Weiqi}}''
50	* {{Wuxia}}
51	* TabletopGame/{{Xiangqi}}
52	[[/index]]
53
54	!! Chinese Geography
55	[[index]]
56	* UsefulNotes/TheThirtyThreeDivisions
57	** UsefulNotes/{{Beijing}} (北京/Peking)
58	** UsefulNotes/HongKong
59	** UsefulNotes/{{Macau}}
60	** UsefulNotes/{{Manchuria}}
61	** UsefulNotes/{{Shanghai}}
62	** UsefulNotes/{{Tibet}}
63	** UsefulNotes/{{Taiwan}} (Governed by the ROC instead of the PRC)
64	** UsefulNotes/{{Xinjiang}}
65	[[/index]]
66
67	!! Chinese History
68	[[index]]
69	* ImperialChina
70	** UsefulNotes/DynastiesFromShangToQing (Pre-1912)
71	*** UsefulNotes/ListOfSignificantPeopleInImperialChina
72	*** UsefulNotes/ThreeKingdomsShuWeiWu (Three Kingdoms era)
73	*** UsefulNotes/TheOpiumWars
74	*** UsefulNotes/FirstSinoJapaneseWar (during Qing dynasty)
75	* UsefulNotes/NoMoreEmperors (Republic of China, WWII and Civil War; ca 1912-1949)
76	** UsefulNotes/SecondSinoJapaneseWar
77	** UsefulNotes/ChineseCivilWar
78	* RedChina (post-1949)
79	** UsefulNotes/CulturalRevolution
80	** UsefulNotes/ToGetRichIsGlorious (Post-Mao China)
81	[[/index]]
82
83	!! Works from China
84	[[index]]
85	* ChineseMedia
86	[[/index]]
87
88	----
89	[[AC:The Chinese flag]]
90	[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/flag_of_the_peoples_republic_of_china.png]]
91	->The red field is a historic color of communism, but also of the ethnic Han; the four golden stars apparently surrounding a larger star symbolize the peasants, workers, the middle-class and patriotic capitalists guided by the Communist Party of China.
92	----
93	[[AC:National Emblem of the People's Republic of China]]
94	[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/national_emblem_of_the_peoples_republic_of_china.png]]
95	->Like the flag, the coat of arms was adapted on September 20, 1950 through a nationwide competition. The meaning is the same with the flag but includes a cog, two types of crops (wheat and rice) and the Tiananmen Gate, the gate in the Forbidden City where Mao Zedong establishes the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.
96	----
97	[[AC:The Chinese national anthem]]
98	->起来不愿做奴隶的人们！
99	->把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城！
100	->中华民族到了最危险的时候，
101	->每个人被迫着发出最后的吼声。
102	->起来！起来！起来！
103	->我们万众一心，
104	->冒着敌人的炮火，前进！
105	->冒着敌人的炮火，前进！
106	->前进！前进！进！
107	[[note]]
108	->Qǐlái! Bù yuàn zuò núlì de rénmen!\
109	Bǎ wǒmen de xiěròu, zhú chéng wǒmen xīn de chángchéng!\
110	Zhōnghuá mínzú dàole zuì wéixiǎn de shíhòu,\
111	měi gèrén bèi pòzhe fāchū zuìhòu de hǒushēng.\
112	Qǐlái! Qǐlái! Qǐlái!\
113	Wǒmen wànzhòngyīxīn,\
114	màozhe dírén de pàohuǒ, qiánjìn!\
115	Màozhe dírén de pàohuǒ, qiánjìn!\
116	Qiánjìn! Qiánjìn! Jìn!
117	[[/note]]
118
119	--
120
121	->Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves!\
122	With our flesh and blood, let us build a new Great Wall!\
123	As China faces her greatest peril,\
124	From each one the urgent call to action comes forth.\
125	Arise! Arise! Arise!\
126	Millions of but one heart\
127	Braving the enemies' fire! March on!\
128	Braving the enemies' fire! March on!\
129	March on! March on! On!
130	----
131	[[AC:Government]]
132	* Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic
133	** CCP General Secretary, President & Military Chairman: UsefulNotes/XiJinping
134	** Premier: Li Qiang
135	** Congress Chairman: Zhao Leji
136	** CPPCC Chairman: Wang Huning
137	** 1st Party Secretariat's Member: Cai Qi
138	** Party Discipline Secretary: Li Xi
139	** 1st Vice Premier: Ding Xuexiang
140	** Vice President: Han Zheng
141	** Chief Justice: Zhang Jun
142	** Prosecutor-General: Ying Yong
143	** Supervisory Commission Director: Liu Jinguo
144	----
145	[[AC:Miscellaneous]]
146	* '''Capital:''' Beijing (北京, ''Běijīng'' in pinyin)
147	* '''Largest city:''' Shanghai (上海)
148	* '''Population:''' 1,419,936,142 (including Hong Kong and Macau)
149	* '''Area:''' 9,596,961 km
150	(3,705,407 sq mi) (3rd/4th)
151	* '''Currency''': Renminbi (元/¥) (CNY)
152	* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' CN
153	* '''Country calling code:''' 86
154	* '''Highest point:''' Mount Everest (8,849 m/29,032 ft) (1st; highest[[note]]shared with UsefulNotes/{{Nepal}}[[/note]])

Context UsefulNotes / China