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* '''SPD''' (Red): the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Once an unambiguously left party in the Marxist tradition, they gradually scrapped many of the socialist ideas in favor of centre-left 'social democracy'. Governs several states, and is currently the major partner in the Scholz government. The SPD is the oldest party in Germany and probably the most influential. The Precursors of the SPD were the ''Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Deutschland (SDAP)'' (Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany) and the ''Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein'' (General German Worker's Union) which united in 1875 to become the ''Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschland'' (SAPD) (Socialist Workers' Party of Germany). The founding fathers were August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht. Under Bismarck, it was banned from 1878 to 1890 by the "Sozialistengesetz" (Socialist Act). After the anulment of the Socialist Act in 1890 it changed its name to ''Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschland'' (SPD).

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* '''SPD''' (Red): the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Once an unambiguously left party in the Marxist tradition, they gradually scrapped many of the socialist ideas in favor of centre-left 'social democracy'. Governs several states, and is currently the major partner in the Scholz government. The SPD is the oldest party in Germany Germany, predating the formation of the country itself, and probably the most influential. The Precursors of the SPD were the ''Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Deutschland (SDAP)'' (Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany) and the ''Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein'' (General German Worker's Union) which united in 1875 to become the ''Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschland'' (SAPD) (Socialist Workers' Party of Germany). The founding fathers were August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht. Under Bismarck, it was banned from 1878 to 1890 by the "Sozialistengesetz" (Socialist Act). After the anulment of the Socialist Act in 1890 it changed its name to ''Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschland'' (SPD).
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Four years after UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, delegates from West German counties worked out the ''Grundgesetz'' ("Basic Law") as a temporary constitution for UsefulNotes/WestGermany, which was quickly adopted by all these states. After reunification, Germans liked it so much they made only minor revisions.[[note]]They chose to use ''Grundgesetz'' rather than ''Verfassung,'' the German word for "constitution," as it was supposed to be a temporary document for a temporary circumstance, the division of Germany. [[ArtifactTitle No one got around to changing it after unification]].[[/note]]

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Four years after UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, delegates from West German counties worked out the ''Grundgesetz'' ("Basic Law") as a temporary constitution for UsefulNotes/WestGermany, which was quickly adopted by all these states. After reunification, Germans liked it so much they made only minor revisions.[[note]]They chose to use ''Grundgesetz'' rather than ''Verfassung,'' the German word for "constitution," as it was supposed to be a temporary document for a temporary circumstance, the division of Germany. [[ArtifactTitle [[ArtifactName No one got around to changing it after unification]].[[/note]]

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