History UsefulNotes / Oman

* '''Capital and largest city:''' Muscat

A quirky thing about Oman's geography is its enclaves and exclaves. The Musandam peninsula is Omani territory, but it's separated from the mainland by the Fujairah and Sharjah emirates of the UAE. The second, an enclave called Madha, is located entirely within the Fujairah emirate. [[UpToEleven And Madha itself entirely surrounds the Nahwa enclave of the UAE]]. It isn't a huge problem, though, since Oman and the UAE are members of the GCC, which underscores free access between the members' territories (think of the European Union's Schengen Area).

Oman ('''Arabic:''' ''عمان‎ ʻUmān''), also known as Sultanate of Oman ('''Arabic:''' '' سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān'') is a Western Asian country in the eastern end of the Arabian peninsula, bordered by UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia in the west, the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates in the northwest, the Indian Ocean in the east, and UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}} in the southwest. It has a population of 4.5 million as of 2021. The country is an absolute monarchy, with Haitham bin Tariq al Said ruling as sultan. He ascended to the throne in 2020, succeeding his cousin, Qaboos, who ruled for nearly 50 years. The present Al Said dynasty came into power in 1744, having deposed the Ibadi Imam and the Afsharid Persian army he summoned to quell their ascent.

* '''Highest point:''' Jabal Shams (3009 m/9,872 ft) (70th)

* '''Highest point:''' Jabal Shams (3009 m/9,872 ft) (65th)

* '''Highest point:''' Jabal Shams (3009 m/9,872 ft) (84th)

* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' OM

Oman ('''Arabic:''' ''عمان‎ ʻUmān''), also known as Sultanate of Oman ('''Arabic:''' '' سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān'') is a Western Asian country in the eastern end of the Arabian peninsula, bordered by UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia in the west, the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates in the northwest, the Indian Ocean in the east, and UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}} in the southwest. It has a population of 4.6 million as of 2017. The country is an absolute monarchy. The previous Sultan, Qaboos ibn Said Al Said, ruled for nearly 50 years before dying in January 2020 at the age of 79. His successor - and current Sultan - is Haitham bin Tariq al Said. The present Al Said dynasty came into power in 1744, having deposed the previous Imam and the Afsharid Persian armies he summoned to quell their ascent.

Oman's location at the eastern end of the peninsula, separated from civilization to the west by the extremely arid and inhospitable Rub' al Khali desert, made access to the land difficult until the modern era. Most Omanis had better contact with people across the sea than they did with their fellow Arabs. Other than the desert, the Al Hajar Mountains allows the coastal plain respite from the hot interior. It is in this plain that the capital Muscat was built. In the past and even today, Oman is divided into two parts: Muscat and its surroundings, and the interior desert or "Oman proper". Before unification in 1820, these states were separate in politics and culture, only united under the common goal of distancing themselves from central authority under the banner of Ibadism. [[MyFriendsAndZoidberg There is also]] Dhofar in the south, which had been a part of the Muscat Sultanate since the 18th century. Unlike the other two, Dhofar's culture is greatly influenced by Yemen, it being a part of the ancient Kingdom of Hadhramaut, one of the core parts of Greater Yemen.

The majority of Omanis practice a unique denomination of Islam called Ibadism. It is different from Sunni and Shia Islam and in fact predates the two, tracing its root to the Kharijite sect that arose during the First Fitna about 20 years after [[UsefulNotes/TheProphetMuhammad Muhammad]]'s death. Unlike Sunnism and Shiism, Ibadism's main doctrine states that a caliph need not to be from the Quraysh tribe or even an Arab; however, he is held accountable for his actions and people have a right to depose him if they feel that he isn't doing his job. What separates Ibadism with Kharijites, however, is that they reject violence as a way to settle things; on top of multiple bloody rebellions against the Caliphate, the Kharijites also freely and recklessly indulged in the practice of takfir, i.e. branding people who did not accept their viewpoint as "infidels", making them closer to modern-day Wahhabism than anything else.

Pre-Islamic Oman's society is sparsely mentioned. The Achaemenids were known to have occupied the Strait of Hormuz and the Musandam peninsula as part of the Maka satrapy. The primary Arab tribe in the area is the Azd, which the current royal family is a part of. After integration to the Caliphate in 630, the Arab tribes of Oman followed Jabir ibn Zayd, who was born in Nizwa and established the longstanding Ibadi imamate in the Al Hajar mountains. He and his successors, while not going to the extent of the Kharijites' insurrection, were nevertheless opposed to the rule of the Banu Umayyad. The caliphs subsequently limited their sphere of influence to Oman only, although they still managed to preach beyond nevertheless; UsefulNotes/{{Tunisia}}'s Djerba island, where Ibadi teachings still thrive, shows the extent of their expansion.

While Oman proper was controlled by the Ibadi imamate, coastal Oman continued to be claimed by foreign powers as it had been since the time of the Achaemenids. It was not until 1154 that native control was achieved with the Nabhani dynasty, who drove the Seljuk Turks out of the Arabian peninsula. Oman was noted to be the main producer of frankincense and and other incense products during this time. The Nabhani ruled until the Portuguese invasion of Muscat in 1515. They colonized the town in one way or another, repelling numerous native, Persian, and Ottoman attacks, until the Yaruba dynasty expelled them in 1650. The Yaruba dynasty wasn't satisfied with retaking Muscat, though; they followed the Portuguese to UsefulNotes/{{Tanzania}}'s Zanzibar where they shelled them until it fell in 1698. An offshoot of Oman's dynasty was established in Zanzibar, which endured until the 20th century. From then on, Oman gained the reputation as a maritime power, frequently raiding European colonies in the Indian subcontinent and Africa and participating in the highly profitable slave trade.

The Yaruba fell to civil war and Afsharid intervention in 1742. Their position was taken by Ahmad ibn Said al Busaidi, who took the more secular title of sultan rather than imam upon coronation, a position still held by his descendants. Under Sultan ibn Ahmad, Oman's overseas colonies grew to include Gwadar in present-day UsefulNotes/{{Pakistan}}, which was sold to the latter only in 1958. His successor, Said ibn Sultan, consolidated Muscat and Oman proper under one banner. However, the decline of the slave trade combined with inter-fighting and European pressure led to the slow fracture of the empire. The Persian Gulf territories were claimed by the British under the Trucial States (later renaming themselves to the United Arab Emirates upon independence), while Zanzibar broke away, although they were still required to pay tribute to Muscat. On top of that, the more cosmopolitan society of Muscat clashed starkly with the conservative imamate despite their alleged unity. In 1892, Sultan Faisal ibn Turki accepted British suzerainty and military assistance to combat the imamate, and so Muscat and Oman officially became a protectorate of the British Empire until 1971.

Oman has since become a relatively modern and pro-West Arab country. While it is a member of the Arab League and Gulf Cooperation Council, Oman distances itself from the rather frivolous endeavors that fellow members tend to pursue by following a policy of strict neutrality; it has largely stayed out of the way of the numerous [[UsefulNotes/ArabIsraeliConflict Arab-Israeli Conflicts]], UsefulNotes/TheGulfWar, UsefulNotes/TheWarOnTerror, and the 2014 GCC intervention of Yemen, in spite of bordering the country in question. The UsefulNotes/ArabSpring, while not impacting the country seriously, brought questions about the country's over-dependence on foreign expatriates (about 45%, mostly Indians and Pakistanis, currently live in the country as of 2014). During this period, Sultan Qaboos promised to remedy the chronic unemployment problem by trying to recruit native Omani personnel to do jobs that foreign workers usually do.

Oman is known for being the birthplace of Australian actress Creator/IslaFisher.

[[AC:The Omani flag]]
https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/oman_flag_9982.png
->The flag's white, red and green stripes symbolize peace and prosperity, battles against foreign invasions, and the Green Mountains and fertility, respectively. At the hoist side is a red column, recalling the country's former all-red flag before 1970. At the canton is the national emblem, which is also the family badge of the House of Al Said, Oman's current royal family, showing a pair of sheathed swords over a ''khanjar'', a local dagger.

* '''Area:''' 309,500 km (119,500 sq mi) (70th)

----

Oman has since become a relatively modern and pro-West Arab country. While it is a member of the Arab League and Gulf Cooperation Council, Oman distances itself from the rather frivolous endeavors that fellow members tend to pursue by following a policy of strict neutrality; it has largely stayed out of the way of the numerous [[UsefulNotes/ArabIsraeliConflict Arab-Israeli Conflicts]], UsefulNotes/TheGulfWar, UsefulNotes/TheWarOnTerror, and the 2014 GCC intervention of Yemen, in spite of bordering the country in question. The UsefulNotes/ArabSpring, while not impacting the country seriously, brought questions about the country's over-dependence on foreign expatriates (about 45%, mostly Indians and Pakistanis, currently live in the country as of 2014). The sultan has promised to remedy the chronic unemployment problem by trying to recruit native Omani personnel to do jobs that foreign workers usually do.

Oman ('''Arabic:''' ''عمان‎ ʻUmān''), also known as Sultanate of Oman ('''Arabic:''' '' سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān'') is a Western Asian country in the eastern end of the Arabian peninsula, bordered by UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia in the west, the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates in the northwest, the Indian Ocean in the east, and UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}} in the southwest. It has a population of 4.6 million as of 2017. The country is an absolute monarchy. The previous Sultan, Qaboos ibn Said Al Said ruled for nearly 50 years before dying in January 2020 at the age of 79. His successor - and current Sultan - is Haitham bin Tariq al Said. The present Al Said dynasty came into power in 1744, having deposed the previous Imam and the Afsharid Persian armies he summoned to quell their ascent.

Oman ('''Arabic:''' ''عمان‎ ʻUmān''), also known as Sultanate of Oman ('''Arabic:''' '' سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān'') is a Western Asian country in the eastern end of the Arabian peninsula, bordered by UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia in the west, the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates in the northwest, the Indian Ocean in the east, and UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}} in the southwest. It has a population of 4.6 million as of 2017. The country is an absolute monarchy with Qaboos ibn Said Al Said as sultan for nearly 50 years and counting. The present Al Said dynasty came into power in 1744, having deposed the previous imam and the Afsharid Persian armies he summoned to quell their ascent.

Oman ('''Arabic:''' ''عمان‎ ʻUmān''), also known as Sultanate of Oman ('''Arabic:''' '' سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān'') is a Middle Eastern country in the eastern end of the Arabian peninsula, bordered by UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia in the west, the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates in the northwest, the Indian Ocean in the east, and UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}} in the southwest. It has a population of 4.6 million as of 2017. The country is an absolute monarchy with Qaboos ibn Said Al Said as sultan for nearly 50 years and counting. The present Al Said dynasty came into power in 1744, having deposed the previous imam and the Afsharid Persian armies he summoned to quell their ascent.

----
<<|UsefulNotes/{{Asia}}|>>
<<|UsefulNotes/MiddleEast|>>

Oman ('''Arabic:''' ''عمان‎ ʻUmān''), also known as Sultanate of Oman ('''Arabic:''' '' سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān'') is a Middle Eastern country in the Arabian peninsula, bordered by UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia in the west, the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates in the northwest, and Yemen in the southwest. It is a semi-absolute monarchy, with Qaboos bin Said, who brought Oman to modernity. Like other Persian Gulf states, it's very rich and ranks high in development, though unlike the other members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), its oil reserves is not as abundant.

!! Geography
The country occupies the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula and is separated from civilization to the west of the peninsula by the long, expansive, arid, and uninhabited Rub' Al Khali desert, ensuring that the culture and faith (especially the faith, see below) remained isolated for hundreds of years until modern times. The country contains the highest mountain range in Eastern Arabia: the Al Hajar Mountains, which separates the dry interior with the coastal plains. Civilizations have been traditionally established in the coasts, including the capital Muscat; the only major cities located in the interior are Ibri and Nizwa.

Meanwhile, the southwestern part of the country is a unique region known as Dhofar, which, in contrast to the hot desert climate that plagues the entire Arabia (except neighboring Yemen's mountainous west), receives monsoon wind from the Indian Ocean, showering it with rainfall and making it look very green (known as [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khareef Khareef]]). It's the primary holiday destination for Omanis, by the way, including the monarch.

As with many other countries, Oman has its own personal quirks regarding political geography: enclaves and exclaves. The first, an exclave called Musandam, is that little jut nearly blocking the Persian Gulf from the Indian Ocean, giving access to the Gulf (and by extension, [[Main/{{ArabOilSheikh}} oil]]) to Oman, whose coast is otherwise entirely with the Indian Ocean. The second is an enclave surrounded by the neighboring UAE called Madha, which in turn also surrounds an enclave of UAE called Nahwa ([[Main/{{RealityIsUnrealistic}} yes, this kind of thing exists in the world, it's called a counter-enclave]]). It's created by quirky tribal politics fighting over who would control the relatively fertile part of the land decades ago. Luckily, because the two countries are nowadays cordial, people are free to commute in and out for work, though because the UAE is even wealthier than Oman, disparities still exist, so you can find yourself traveling through the rugged roads of Madha only to suddenly stumble upon the cushy paved roads of Nahwa just several kilometers down the road.

!! Culture and Religion
The Omanis practice a unique form of Islam called Ibadi, distinct from Sunni and Shia Islam; in fact, it had broken away before the split between the two mainstream denominations even became established (more specifically, during the reign of the fourth caliph, Ali) as Khawarij, [[Main/{{The Fundamentalist}} an extreme and purist form]] of Islam comparable to the modern-day Salafism, but Ibadis are nowadays known for their exact opposite: moderate, peaceful, and very tolerating (for a start, they believe that any Muslim can become a leader, as opposed to the Quraysh-strict rule in Sunni or descendants-of-Ali in Shia). No one really knows how they practice their faith, though, due to their relative isolation (being separated by hundreds of kilometers of desert from the nearest civilization helps). It also helps with keeping the country safe from fundamentalist groups, because the Omanis are essentially ''aliens'' in the Muslim world, and preaching extremist ideas just aren't going to work there. Even without the faith, Oman is probably the most neutral country in the Middle East, being content to stay out of conflict in just about everything, from the [[UsefulNotes/ArabIsraeliConflict Arab-Israeli Wars]] to Main/TheWarOnTerror up to to the GCC intervention against the Houthis in neighboring UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}}, being the ''only'' member opting not to join the alliance. Yes, you heard the first one right, Oman isn't involved in the conflict with UsefulNotes/{{Israel}} (a rare gem back when UsefulNotes/{{Egypt}} and UsefulNotes/{{Jordan}} hadn't sort their things out), though it still has no official relations with it.

Culturally and ethnically, it's unquestionably Arab, but there's also small minority groups who live in the southern part of the country near the border with Yemen who speak Modern South Arabian, a language group that's not part of the Central Semitic branch (Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, etc...) but instead South Semitic, which includes several national languages of UsefulNotes/{{Ethiopia}}. Oh, and like the other Gulf states, a sizeable (though not to the extent that they overtake the natives, like in the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates) portion of the population is foreign expatriates, mainly from South Asia.

!History

In the 17th century, Oman was an empire in the Indian Ocean. For a while, Oman's capital was in Zanzibar in Africa. While it was never a British protectorate, they were influenced by them. The discovery of oil has made Oman an important oil supplier, though not as great as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait are.

The ruler of Oman in the early and mid-20th century was Sultan Said bin Taimur, who ruled a very conservative regime and [[ArsonMurderAndJaywalking banned reading glasses]]. He was sacked by his son in 1970, partly for failing to crush the Dhofar Rebellion in 1965 quickly. These rebels were backed by Communists and the South Yemeni government. By 1975, Sultan Qaboos quelled the rebellion and has instituted social and economic reforms. Even more reforms are now being put in place in the 2010s to avoid the UsefulNotes/ArabSpring. The Omani government also tries to remedy the unemployment problem by trying to recruit native Omani personnel to do jobs that foreign workers usually do.

The Omanis practice a unique form of Islam called Ibadi, distinct from Sunni and Shia Islam; in fact, it had broken away before the split between the two mainstream denominations even became established (more specifically, during the reign of the fourth caliph, Ali) as Khawarij, [[Main/{{The Fundamentalist}} an extreme and purist form]] of Islam comparable to the modern-day Salafism, but Ibadis are nowadays known for their exact opposite: moderate, peaceful, and very tolerating (for a start, they believe that any Muslim can become a leader, as opposed to the Quraysh-strict rule in Sunni or descendants-of-Ali in Shia). No one really knows how they practice their faith, though, due to their relative isolation (being separated by hundreds of kilometers of desert from the nearest civilization helps). It also helps with keeping the country safe from fundamentalist groups, because the Omanis are essentially ''aliens'' in the Muslim world, and preaching extremist ideas just aren't going to work there. Even without the faith, Oman is probably the most neutral country in the Middle East, being content to stay out of conflict in just about everything, from the [[Main/ArabIsraeliConflict Arab-Israeli Wars]] to Main/TheWarOnTerror up to to the GCC intervention against the Houthis in neighboring UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}}, being the ''only'' member opting not to join the alliance. Yes, you heard the first one right, Oman isn't involved in the conflict with UsefulNotes/{{Israel}} (a rare gem back when UsefulNotes/{{Egypt}} and UsefulNotes/{{Jordan}} hadn't sort their things out), though it still has no official relations with it.

Culturally and ethnically, it's unquestionably Arab, but there's also small minority groups who live in the southern part of the country near the border with Yemen who speak Modern South Arabian, a language group that's not part of the Central Semitic branch (Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, etc...) but instead South Semitic, which includes several national languages of UsefulNotes/{{Ethiopia}}. Oh, and like the other Gulf states, a sizeable (though not to the extent that they overtake the natives, like in the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates) portion of the population is foreign expatriates, mainly from South Asia

Culturally and ethnically, it's unquestionably Arab, but there's also small minority groups who live in the southern part of the country near the border with Yemen who speak Modern South Arabian, the only group of surviving Semitic languages not part of the Central Semitic branch (Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, etc...). Oh, and like the other Gulf states, a sizeable (though not to the extent that they overtake the natives, like in the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates) portion of the population is foreign expatriates, mainly from South Asia

Oman ('''Arabic:''' ''عمان‎ ʻUmān''), also known as Sultanate of Oman ('''Arabic:''' '' سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān'') is a Middle Eastern country in the Arabian peninsula, bordered by UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia in the west, the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates in the northwest, and Yemen in the southwest. It is a semi-absolute monarchy, with Qaboos bin Said, who brought Oman to modernity. Like other Persian Gulf states, it's very rich and ranks moderately high in development, though unlike the other members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), its oil reserve is not as abundant.

The Omanis practice a unique form of Islam called Ibadi, distinct from Sunni and Shia Islam; in fact, it had broken away before the split between the two mainstream denominations even became established (more specifically, during the reign of the fourth caliph, Ali) as Khawarij, [[Main/{{The Fundamentalist}} an extreme and purist form]] of Islam comparable to the modern-day Salafism, but Ibadis are nowadays known for their exact opposite: moderate, peaceful, and very tolerating (for a start, they believe that any Muslim can become a leader, as opposed to the Quraysh-strict rule in Sunni or descendants-of-Ali in Shia). No one really knows how they practice their faith, though, due to their relative isolation (being separated by hundreds of kilometers of desert from the nearest civilization helps). It also helps with keeping the country safe from fundamentalist groups, because the Omanis are essentially ''aliens'' in the Muslim world, and preaching extremist ideas just aren't going to work there. Even without the faith, Oman is probably the most stable country in the Middle East, being content to stay out of conflict in just about everything (from the [[Main/ArabIsraeliConflict Arab-Israeli Wars]] to UsefulNotes/TheGulfWar to the Main/TheWarOnTerror up to to the GCC intervention against the Houthis in neighboring UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}}, being the ''only'' member opting not to join the alliance).

Culturally and ethnically, it's unquestionably Arab, but there's also small minority groups who live in the southern part of the country near the border with Yemen who speak Modern South Arabian, the only group of surviving Semitic languages not part of the Central Semitic branch (Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, etc...)

Oman ('''Arabic:''' ''عمان‎ ʻUmān''), also known as Sultanate of Oman ('''Arabic:''' '' سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān'') is a Middle Eastern country in the Arabian peninsula, bordered by UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia in the west, the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates in the northwest, and Yemen in the southwest. It is a semi-absolute monarchy, with Qaboos bin Said, who brought Oman to modernity. The Omanis practice a unique form of Islam called Ibadi, distinct from Sunni and Shia Islam.

Oman ('''Arabic:''' ''عمان‎ ʻUmān''), also known as Sultanate of Oman ('''Arabic:''' '' سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān'') is a Middle Eastern country in the Arabian peninsula, bordered by UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia in the west, the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates in the northeast, and Yemen in the south. It is a semi-absolute monarchy, with Qaboos bin Said, who brought back Oman to modernity. The Omanis practice a different form of Islam called Ibadi Islam, distinct from Sunni and Shia Islam.

In the 17th century, Oman was an empire in the Indian Ocean. For a while, Oman's capital was in Zanzibar in Africa. While it was never a British protectorate, they were influenced by them. The discovery of oil have made Oman an important oil supplier, though not as great as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait were.

The ruler of Oman in the early and mid-20th century was Sultan Said bin Taimur, who ruled a very conservative regime and [[ArsonMurderAndJaywalking banned reading glasses]]. He was sacked by his son in 1970, partly for failing to crush the Dhofar Rebellion in 1965 quickly. These rebels are backed by Communists and the South Yemeni government. By 1975, Sultan Qaboos quelled the rebellion and has instituted social and economic reforms. Even more reforms are now being in place in the 2010s during the ArabSpring. The Omani government also try to remedy the unemployment problem by trying to recruit native Omani personnel to do jobs that foreign workers usually do.

[[AC:The Omani flag]]\\
http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/flag_of_oman_svg_6325.png
->It consists of three stripes (white, green and red) with a red bar on the left that contains the national emblem of Oman (a dagger and two swords). The white stands for peace and prosperity, the green for fertility and the Green Mountains, and the red for battles against foreign invaders. The red is also the color of the former flag of the nation when it was known simply as the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman.

Oman is a Middle Eastern country in the Arabian peninsula, bordered by UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia in the west, the UsefulNotes/UnitedArabEmirates in the northeast, and Yemen in the south. It is a semi-absolute monarchy, with Qaboos bin Said, who brought back Oman to modernity. The Omanis practice a different form of Islam called Ibadi Islam, distinct from Sunni and Shia Islam.

Oman is a Middle Eastern country in the Arabian peninsula, bordered by SaudiArabia in the west, the UnitedArabEmirates in the northeast, and Yemen in the south. It is a semi-absolute monarchy, with Qaboos bin Said, who brought back Oman to modernity. The Omanis practice a different form of Islam called Ibadi Islam, distinct from Sunni and Shia Islam.

In the 17th century, Oman was an empire in the Indian Ocean. For a while, Oman's capital was in Zanzibar in Africa. While it was never a British protectorate, they were influenced by them. The discovery of oil have made Oman an important oil supplier, though not as great as SaudiArabia and Kuwait were.

<<|UsefulNotes/{{Asia}}|>