History UsefulNotes / LouisXI

Now able to focus on Burgundy, Louis allied himself to the UsefulNotes/{{Swi|tzerland}}ss. A coalition of forces from several parts of the Western UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire and Swiss forces led by Duke of Lorraine René II defeated Charles three times and at the third time (at the battle of Nancy in 1477), he lost his life. His heiress was the young UsefulNotes/MaryDuchessOfBurgundy. The Dukedom was overrun by the French, but Mary remained the ruler in her territories in the Low Countries. Louis tried to pressure her into marrying his son Charles, but Mary chose UsefulNotes/MaximilianI instead.

Now able to focus on Burgundy, Louis allied himself to the UsefulNotes/{{Swi|tzerland}}ss. They defeated Charles three times and at the third time (at the siege of Nancy in 1477), he lost his life. His heiress was the young UsefulNotes/MaryDuchessOfBurgundy. The Dukedom was overrun by the French, but Mary remained the ruler in her territories in the Low Countries. Louis tried to pressure her into marrying his son Charles, but Mary chose UsefulNotes/MaximilianI instead.

When Louis was born, France was at a low point during UsefulNotes/TheHundredYearsWar. The English ruled in large parts of the Kingdom and his father Charles VII held out with trouble in the Southern parts of France. Then UsefulNotes/JoanOfArc helped turn the tide, along with Charles surrounding himself with the right people to build France a modern conscripted army instead of depending on armies of vassals, in addition to massively developing artillery in the country. Eventually the English would be driven out, holding on to Calais only.

UsefulNotes/{{England}}, as always, was another problem. The country was weakened because of the UsefulNotes/WarsOfTheRoses, but UsefulNotes/EdwardIV still made an attempt at invading. Louis paid him off with the peace treaty of Picquigny in 1475, giving him a massive annual payment so the English would return home and never claim any inch of French soil again. This canny strategem--which gave Edward financial independence from [[UsefulNotes/BritishPoliticalSystem Parliament]] (something English kings were always chasing) provided England avoided war against France--put a definitive end to the Hundred Years War.

UsefulNotes/{{England}}, as always, was another problem. The country was weakened because of the UsefulNotes/WarsOfTheRoses, but UsefulNotes/EdwardIV still made an attempt at invading. Louis paid him off with the peace treaty of Picquigny in 1475, giving him a massive annual payment so the English would return home and never claim any inch of French soil again. This canny strategem--which gave Edward financial independence from Parliament (something English kings were always chasing) provided England avoided war against France--put a definitive end to the Hundred Years War.

UsefulNotes/{{England}}, as always, was another problem. The country was weakened because of the UsefulNotes/WarsOfTheRoses, but UsefulNotes/EdwardIV still made an attempt at invading. Louis paid him off with the peace treaty of Picquigny in 1475, so the English would return home and never claim any inch of French soil again, putting a definitive end to the Hundred Years War.

UsefulNotes/{{England}}, as always, was another problem. The country was weakened because of the UsefulNotes/WarsOfTheRoses, but [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfPlantagenet Edward IV]] still made an attempt at invading. Louis paid him off with the peace treaty of Picquigny in 1475, so the English would return home and never claim any inch of French soil again, putting a definitive end to the Hundred Years War.

When Louis was born, France was at a low point during UsefulNotes/TheHundredYearsWar. The English ruled in large parts of the Kingdom and his father Charles VII held out with trouble in the Southern parts of France. Then UsefulNotes/JoanOfArc helped turn the tide, along with Charles surrounding himself with the right people to build France a modern conscripted army instead of depending on armies of vassals, in addition to the first massive use of artillery in the country. Eventually the English would be driven out, holding on to Calais only.

When Louis was born, France was at a low point during UsefulNotes/TheHundredYearsWar. The English ruled in large parts of the Kingdom and his father Charles VII held out with trouble in the Southern parts of France. Then UsefulNotes/JoanOfArc helped turn the tide, along with Charles surrounding himself with the right people to build France a modern conscripted army instead of depending on armies of vassals. Eventually the English would be driven out, holding on to Calais only.

* ''Literature/TheHunchbackOfNotreDame'', 1831 novel by Creator/VictorHugo, and [[Franchise/TheHunchbackOfNotreDame several of its adaptations]], including:

** ''WesternAnimation/{{The Hunchback of Notre Dame|Disney}}'' (1996 animated film). He [[AdaptedOut doesn't appear]], but he is said to be away at war, so Judge Claude Frollo can control Paris.

** ''Film/TheAdventuresOfQuentinDurward'' (1955 film), played by Robert Morley.

A troubling relationship with his father meant that Louis went into exile at the court of his relative Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.

After the death of his first wife Margaret of Scotland, Louis married Charlotte of Savoy. They had two daughters and one son that lived to adulthood.

UsefulNotes/{{England}}, as always, was another problem. The country was weakened because of the UsefulNotes/WarsOfTheRoses, but [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfPlantagenet Edward IV]] still made an attempt at invading. Louis paid him off with the peace treaty of Picquigny in 1475, so the English would return home and never claim any inch of French soil again.

When his father died in 1461, he quickly had himself crowned in Reims. His main goal during his reign was the strengthening of central control. This resulted in conflict with the great feudal lords of France. His main adversary was [[UsefulNotes/CharlesDukeOfBurgundy Charles the Bold]], son of the Duke who had granted him refuge.

When Louis was born, France was at a low point during UsefulNotes/TheHundredYearsWar. The English ruled in large parts of the Kingdom and his father Charles VII held out with trouble in the Southern parts of France. UsefulNotes/JoanOfArc helped turn the tide. Eventually the English would be driven out, holding on to Calais only.

UsefulNotes/{{England}}, as always, was another problem. The country was weakened because of the UsefulNotes/WarsOfTheRoses, but [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfPlantagenet Edward IV]] still made an attempt at invading. Louis paid him off with the peace treaty of Picquigny, so the English would return home.

Now able to focus on Burgundy, Louis allied himself to the UsefulNotes/{{Swi|tzerland}}ss. They defeated Charles three times and at the third time (at the siege of Nancy), he lost his life. His heiress was the young UsefulNotes/MaryDuchessOfBurgundy. The Dukedom was overrun by the French, but Mary remained the ruler in her territories in the Low Countries. Louis tried to pressure her into marrying his son Charles, but Mary chose UsefulNotes/MaximilianI instead.

Louis XI (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483) was [[UsefulNotes/LEtatCEstMoi King]] of UsefulNotes/{{France}} from 1461 to 1483. He is [[RedBaron known as]] "[[SneakySpider the Universal Spider]]" (''universelle araigne'') for the way he would slowly and methodically plot the destruction of his enemies with as little use of his armies as possible.