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In the 1910s, a second Klan was formed as a response to immigrants from Eastern Europe, most of whom were either Catholic or Jewish. They still continued their violence towards African-Americans, however, especially after ''Film/TheBirthOfANation1915'' was released. This version of the Klan found adherents well beyond the DeepSouth, and within a decade there were politicians, churches, and schools throughout the country openly endorsing and/or endorsed by the KKK, which claimed over four million members by the mid-1920s. However, after a series of scandals, the Klan waned in both power and numbers during TheGreatDepression and UsefulNotes/WorldWarII... only to come back in the 1950s and '60s as a ''third'' Klan, this time with the goal of fighting the UsefulNotes/CivilRightsMovement. This movement fizzled out as well, and in the 1970s the KKK decentralized, breaking off into various splinter groups that have taken root across the United States. By 1980, there was no single Klan, and as of today, there still isn't.
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In the 1910s, a second Klan was formed as a response to immigrants from Eastern Europe, most of whom were either Catholic or Jewish. They still continued their violence towards African-Americans, however, especially after ''Film/TheBirthOfANation1915'' was released. This version of the Klan found adherents well beyond the DeepSouth, and within a decade there were politicians, churches, and schools throughout the country openly endorsing and/or endorsed by the KKK, which claimed over four million members by the mid-1920s. However, after a series of scandals, the Klan waned in both power and numbers during TheGreatDepression and UsefulNotes/WorldWarII... only to come back in the 1950s and '60s as a ''third'' Klan, this time with the goal of fighting the UsefulNotes/CivilRightsMovement. This movement fizzled out as well, and in the 1970s the KKK decentralized, breaking off into various splinter groups that have taken root across the United States. By 1980, there was no single Klan, and as of today, there still isn't.
isn't. Each splinter faction often contends with each other over who has the right to carry the KKK name and legacy.
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The Klan's activities prompted resistance. Union veterans began carrying out reprisal attacks against the Klan, while black communities formed self-defense groups. There were also legal responses. Many southern states started passing anti-Klan legislation, and by 1870, the federal government was devoting serious attention to Klan activities. That year saw the passage of a federal law prohibiting discrimination by state officials in voter registration, while 1871 saw the passage of the Ku Klux Klan Act, which empowered the President to suspend the writ of ''habeas corpus'' when cracking down on the Klan and similar organizations. By 1872, the First Klan was more or less eradicated.
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Within ten years, the popularity of the Klan grew immensely. Membership peaked at around six million in 1924, one year before the Klan's famous parade through UsefulNotes/WashingtonDC, and Klan membership was almost a necessity to run for public office in many states. While the widespread story that UsefulNotes/WarrenGHarding was inducted into the Klan while President is likely apocryphal,[[note]]This rumor appears to have been spread the Klan themselves to discredit Harding, who in fact openly criticized the Klan and supported anti-lynching legislation.[[/note]] other prominent congressmen and state-level politicians throughout the South and Midwest indisputably were, and it became powerful enough nationally to derail Al Smith's presidential candidacy in 1928, due to Smith's Catholic faith. However, a series of scandals -- most notably the trial of Indiana Grand Dragon D. C. Stephenson for rape, murder, and apparent cannibalism -- destroyed the Klan's reputation as defenders of law and order, sending it into a tailspin in the 1930s before it died out in 1944. A lot of the common images of the Klan, such as conical hats, white robes, and burning crosses, started here. Klan violence during this time also led to the formation of the Jewish Anti-Defamation League, today one of the chief civil rights/anti-racism organizations.
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Within ten years, the popularity of the revived Klan grew immensely. Membership peaked at around six million in 1924, one year before the Klan's famous parade through UsefulNotes/WashingtonDC, and Klan membership was almost a necessity to run for public office in many states. While the widespread story that UsefulNotes/WarrenGHarding was inducted into the Klan while President is likely apocryphal,[[note]]This rumor appears to have been spread the Klan themselves to discredit Harding, who in fact openly criticized the Klan and supported anti-lynching legislation.[[/note]] other prominent congressmen and state-level politicians throughout the South and Midwest indisputably were, and it became powerful enough nationally to derail Al Smith's presidential candidacy in 1928, due to Smith's Catholic faith. However, a series of scandals -- most notably the trial of Indiana Grand Dragon D. C. Stephenson for rape, murder, and apparent cannibalism -- destroyed the Klan's reputation as defenders of law and order, sending it into a tailspin in the 1930s before it died out in 1944. A lot of the common images of the Klan, such as conical hats, white robes, and burning crosses, [[NewerThanTheyThink started here.here]]. Klan violence during this time also led to the formation of the Jewish Anti-Defamation League, today one of the chief civil rights/anti-racism organizations.
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There are four distinct Klans, each with their own history:
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There are four distinct Klans, each with their its own history:
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It is debatably whether Griffith took the quote "vastly" out of context, because Wilson also makes a lot of excuses for the Confederates and Southern enmity towards Reconstruction. He condemns (some of) the Klan's actions and methods, but not their motives, i.e. the "white man's instinct of self-preservation". He frames the "injustice" of the Klan as a reaction to the "injustice" of Reconstruction. You can read the passage for yourself here
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-->-- '''UsefulNotes/WoodrowWilson''', ''A History of the American People'', retained as an intertitle in ''Film/TheBirthOfANation1915''[[note]]Of course, Creator/DWGriffith took the quote vastly out of context, with Wilson spending most of the same chapter condemning the Klan.[[/note]]
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-->-- '''UsefulNotes/WoodrowWilson''', ''A History of the American People'', retained as an intertitle in ''Film/TheBirthOfANation1915''[[note]]Of course, Creator/DWGriffith took the quote vastly out of context, with Wilson spending most of the same chapter condemning the Klan.[[/note]]
''Film/TheBirthOfANation1915''
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-->-- '''UsefulNotes/WoodrowWilson''', ''A History of the American People'', retained as an intertitle in ''Film/TheBirthOfANation1915''[[note]]Of course, Griffith took the quote vastly out of context, with Wilson spending most of the same chapter condemning the Klan.[[/note]]
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-->-- '''UsefulNotes/WoodrowWilson''', ''A History of the American People'', retained as an intertitle in ''Film/TheBirthOfANation1915''[[note]]Of course, Griffith Creator/DWGriffith took the quote vastly out of context, with Wilson spending most of the same chapter condemning the Klan.[[/note]]
