** The same would later happen to Turkey's archrival, the Habsburg Empire. Nationalist pressures forced Austria to grant autonomy to Hungary, creating the Austro-Hungarian Empire and dividing the realm between Cisleithania (Austria) and Transleithania (Hungary). Then after [[WorldWarOne the Great War]], its South Slavic states seceded and joined up with Montenegro and Serbia (which also controlled Kosovo & Macedonia) to form the short-lived Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia; the former Austrian states that joined were [most of] Slovenia, [most of] Croatia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina); German territories became part of Austria (most of them, anyway; that "most" becomes ''very'' important [[WorldWarII later]]); Bohemia and Moravia left with Slovakia to form Czechoslovakia; and Hungary became independent. Also, Krakow and Lwow joined the rest of newly-independent Poland (though the latter would become part of Ukraine after WWII) and Transylvania joined with the rest of Romania (which at the time also included most of modern-day Moldova).

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* After the World Wars, the European powers did this to their colonies and protectorates in Africa and the Middle East. However, rather than splitting up their holdings by former tribal, ethnic, or religious lines, the new countries were mostly formed from the borders between holdings by different European powers--so watch for the next round, coming soon! In fact, one solution for war-torn Iraq was to divide it into a Kurdish north, a secular/Sunni middle, and a Shia south.
* Since AlexanderTheGreat left no heir and no instructions for a regency (and his only son Alexander IV born after his death), his Macedonian Empire fractured after his death in 323 BC. Once the dust cleared (after ''forty years''), it was divided among his generals: Macedon (Cassander / Alexander's native Greece), the Ptolemaic Kingdom (Ptolemy I Soter / modern-day Egypt), the Seleucid Empire (Seleucis I Nicator / modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Israel), and the Kingdom of Pergamon (Lysimachus / modern-day Bulgaria, eastern Greece and European Turkey).
* The theme of a SpaceFillingEmpire's decay resulting into anarchy and division into fragmented interwarring states is one of the most recognizable patterns throughout history. The Persian Empire, TheRomanEmpire, the HolyRomanEmpire, the Byzantine Empire, the Spanish Empire, the French Empire, TheBritishEmpire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire--the list can go on.....

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* After the World Wars, the European powers did this to their colonies and protectorates in Africa and the Middle East. However, rather than splitting up their holdings by former tribal, ethnic, or religious lines, the new countries were mostly formed from the borders between holdings by different European powers – so watch for the next round, coming soon! In fact, one solution for war-torn Iraq – proposed by, among other people, Joe Biden – was to divide it into a Kurdish north, a secular/Sunni middle-&-west including Baghdad, and a Shi'a south; this solution was vetoed by Turkey (who don't want a ''de jure'' independent Kurdistan on their doorstep) and nation-building advocates in the US and Israel (who worried about a Shi'a-Arab-only state aligning itself with also-Shi'a Iran).
* Since AlexanderTheGreat left no heir and no instructions for a regency (and his only son Alexander IV born after his death), his Macedonian Empire fractured after his death in 323 BC. Once the dust cleared (after ''forty years''), it was divided among his generals: Macedon (Cassander / Alexander's native Greece), the Ptolemaic Kingdom (Ptolemy I Soter / modern-day Egypt), the Seleucid Empire (Seleucis I Nicator / modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Israel/Palestine), and the Kingdom of Pergamon (Lysimachus / modern-day Bulgaria, eastern Greece and European Turkey).
* The theme of a SpaceFillingEmpire's decay resulting into anarchy and division into fragmented interwarring states is one of the most recognizable patterns throughout history. The Persian Empire, TheRomanEmpire, the HolyRomanEmpire, the Byzantine Empire, the Spanish Empire, the French Empire, TheBritishEmpire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire – the list can go on.....

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* In a somewhat logical conclusion of the events of MikhailGorbachev's reign, USSR balkanized itself in 1991, thus creating TheGreatPoliticsMessUp. Ever since, the USSR's breakaway states balkanized even more. Abkhazia and South Ossetia broke away from Georgia; Transnistria from Moldova; Crimea from Ukraine (although later re-conquered and given status as an Autonomous Republic), Nagorno-Karabakh from Azerbaijan, etc. As the 2008 South Ossetian war has shown, a large number of these separations have been violent.
** Ironically enough, most of these further balkanizations has been under the auspices of Russia in order to weaken the states that broke away from the USSR, but also with a plausible reason -- most such territories were autonomous regions during the Soviet era, but lost the privilege once assimilated into the new republics, as is the case with Ossetia and Abkhazia, and their local populations were willing to fight to retain autonomy. Russia's autonomous oblasts retain their status, perhaps a lesson learned from the the infighting within the breakaway states.
** In 1993 Czechoslovakia followed USSR's example, the country splits into the Czech Rep, and Slovakia.

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* In a somewhat logical conclusion of the events of MikhailGorbachev's reign, USSR balkanized itself in 1991, thus creating TheGreatPoliticsMessUp. Ever since, several of the USSR's breakaway states balkanized even more. Abkhazia and South Ossetia broke away from Georgia; Transnistria from Moldova; Crimea from Ukraine (although later re-conquered and given status as an Autonomous Republic), Nagorno-Karabakh from Azerbaijan, etc. As the 2008 South Ossetian war has shown, a large number of these separations have been violent.
** Ironically enough, most of these further balkanizations have been under the auspices of Russia in order to weaken the states that broke away, but also with a plausible reason – most such territories are populated by minority ethnic groups and were semi-autonomous regions during the Soviet era, but lost the privilege once assimilated into the new republics. As is the case with Ossetia and Abkhazia, their local populations were willing to fight to retain autonomy. Russia's autonomous oblasts retain their status, perhaps a lesson learned from the the infighting within the breakaway states.
** In 1993 Czechoslovakia followed the USSR's example; the country peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

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* After TheKoreanWar ended with an unofficial armistice (meaning both countries are technically still at war), the Korean Peninsula, once a unified state, split between communist North and capitalist South, and judging by their less-than-friendly relations, the status quo may have to remain. Unlike many examples though, they have a common language[[hottip:*: kinda; the Northern dialect has been in something of a linguistic stasis since 1945 whereas the South's has modernized along with the country, meaning Southerners usually find a Northerner's speech "archaic"]], culture, and heritage; the divide is solely political.
* Sentiment for the secession of majority Francophone Quebec from Canada ebbs and wanes, culminating in a referendum in 1995 where secession lost by a small margin.
** One possibility suggested during the 1995 referendum was that parts of Quebec that were against secession[[note]] For reference, these areas include parts of the province France never controlled before 1763 – the far north and West (where First Nations are far more likely to speak English than French) and the Loyalist-settled (but now majority Francophone) towns of the far southeast near the US border; also the Anglophone enclaves within Montreal and Hull,[[/note]] could split off from an independent Quebec and either form their own nations or more likely merge back into Canada.

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* Several political parties in Belgium want to split the country up between Dutch-speaking Flanders and Francophone Wallonia. Flemish nationalist party N-VA (the New Flemish Alliance) became the largest party in Parliament in the 2010 elections, leading to [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Belgian_government_formation cabinet formation negotiations which dragged on for]] almost two years. Some figures point out that if Belgium were to split, it could become up to 4 different countries – Flanders, Wallonia, formerly Prussian Eupen-Malmédy, and the multicultural city-state of Brussels, which also functions as the headquarters of the EuropeanUnion.
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan South Sudan]] broke off from the rest of Sudan – after a 20+-year civil war and internationally brokered peace agreement (that still hasn't been completely fulfilled) – to become its own internationally-recognized nation in 2011.
* This once happened to the United States. [[TheAmericanCivilWar It didn't last long]].
** One bit of it did last, however. After Virginia seceded, the people in northwestern Virginia decided they'd like to still be part of the Union. Therefore, they seceded from Virginia, forming the new state of West Virginia. Even though Virginia was brought back into the Union by the end of the war, West Virginia remains a separate state to this day.
** People and politicians from Texas ''love'' to invoke this, especially when [[BarackObama someone they don't like is in the White House]]. According to themselves – and directly contradicting the US Constitution – Texas has the right to unilaterally split itself into five separate states (which Texas Senators often bring up when they get outvoted on major legislation), or declare independence outright (secessionist sentiment has of late been stoked by the state's governor and other top elected officials).

11th Apr '13 7:36:08 PM PaulA

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23rd Mar '13 3:21:05 PM Ryulong

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22nd Mar '13 6:43:57 AM Random888

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22nd Mar '13 3:45:23 AM MacronNotes

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19th Mar '13 4:43:43 AM Xtifr

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14th Mar '13 12:14:26 AM Xtifr

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* In VladimirVasilyev's ''WolfishNature'', Siberia has seceded from Russia. Not because of any ideological or political differences but because of the inevitable corruption of territories far away from the capital (the Siberian capital is established in Krasnoyarsk, much closer than Moscow). The two countries still maintain cordial relations and open borders. Alaska has likewise seceded from the US, although it's barely mentioned, and the reasons for the secession are unknown but likely the same. Canada is also mentioned to have split, although no official names of the two countries are mentioned (they're always referred to as "both Canadas"). There are also inverted examples, such as UnitedEurope, Baltica (all the Baltic nations), Turan (an amalgamation of Turkey and Iran), and Japan-China. There's also a MiddleEasternCoalition, but it's more like what EU is in RealLife than a government. It's a lot easier to find common ground when there are no pesky wars, atrocities, and genocides to mar relations, as there have been no wars on Earth for centuries. Ever since the [[GeneticEngineeringIsTheNewNuke Bio-Correction]] has removed the "wolf" gene from everyone.

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* In VladimirVasilyev's ''Literature/WolfishNature'', Siberia has seceded from Russia. Not because of any ideological or political differences but because of the inevitable corruption of territories far away from the capital (the Siberian capital is established in Krasnoyarsk, much closer than Moscow). The two countries still maintain cordial relations and open borders. Alaska has likewise seceded from the US, although it's barely mentioned, and the reasons for the secession are unknown but likely the same. Canada is also mentioned to have split, although no official names of the two countries are mentioned (they're always referred to as "both Canadas"). There are also inverted examples, such as UnitedEurope, Baltica (all the Baltic nations), Turan (an amalgamation of Turkey and Iran), and Japan-China. There's also a MiddleEasternCoalition, but it's more like what EU is in RealLife than a government. It's a lot easier to find common ground when there are no pesky wars, atrocities, and genocides to mar relations, as there have been no wars on Earth for centuries. Ever since the [[GeneticEngineeringIsTheNewNuke Bio-Correction]] has removed the "wolf" gene from everyone.

13th Mar '13 7:38:01 AM ued199

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13th Mar '13 5:47:00 AM MaddKossack

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