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* GriefInducedSplit: The relationship between [[spoiler:Enzo and Lila]] crumbles, as [[spoiler:the disappearance of their four-year-old daughter Tina]] proves an insurmountable tragedy.
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* ForWantOfANail: Lila's shoes end up being a catalyst for a lot of important plot points, having repercussions all throughout the books.

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* ForWantOfANail: Lila's shoes end up being a catalyst for a lot of important plot points, having repercussions all throughout the books.books - starting with signalling the end of the idea of a happy marriage.
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* UnreliableNarrator: Elena's narration seems to leave a lot of people feeling like Lila is the worse friend and the worse person between the two main characters. This is despite the fact that, once you look past her more outwardly bitter and confrontational personality, Lila does very little that is objectively bad, especially once she grows fully into an adult. When you look into it a lot of Lila's "worst moments" come from Elena's representation of herself as a wronged and/or neglected friend, but her perspective is clearly subjective. We usually don't have a direct entry point into Lila's feelings and motivations the way we do with Elena, and Elena often seems to read malicious intent into Lila's actions/words, especially considering 1. Lila goes through three lifetimes' worth of trauma and bullshit just in the first twenty years of her life alone, definitely explaining some of her attitude and her tendency to occasionally withdraw, as well as some of her more questionable actions as a teenager, and 2. she's actually sometimes sort of right with her criticism and her "lack of support"? (e.g. in the Nino affair.)

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* UnreliableNarrator: Elena's narration seems to leave a lot of people feeling like Lila is the worse friend and the worse person between the two main characters. This is despite the fact that, once you look past her more outwardly bitter and confrontational personality, Lila does very little that is objectively bad, especially once she grows fully into an adult. When you look into it a lot of Lila's "worst moments" come from Elena's representation of herself as a wronged and/or neglected friend, but her perspective is clearly subjective. We usually don't have a direct entry point into access to Lila's thoughts and feelings and motivations the way we do with Elena, meanwhile the text is littered with Elena constantly and casually second guessing Lila's intentions based on her own emotional needs and expectations. As a result Elena often seems to read suspects malicious intent into from Lila's actions/words, especially considering 1. Lila goes through three lifetimes' worth of trauma words and bullshit just in the first twenty years of her life alone, definitely explaining some of her attitude and her tendency to actions when a more charitable interpretation is possible. Elena herself occasionally withdraw, as well as some of her more questionable actions as a teenager, and 2. she's actually sometimes sort of right with her criticism and her "lack of support"? (e.g. in the Nino affair.) admits to this.
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* UnreliableNarrator: Elena's narration seems to leave a lot of people feeling like Lila is the worse friend and the worse person between the two main characters. This is despite the fact that, once you look past her more outwardly bitter and confrontational personality, Lila does very little that is objectively bad, especially once she grows fully into an adult. When you look into it a lot of Lila's "worst moments" come from Elena's representation of herself as a wronged and/or neglected friend, but her perspective is clearly subjective. We usually don't have a direct entry point into Lila's feelings and motivations the way we do with Elena, and Elena often seems to read malicious intent into Lila's actions/words, especially considering 1. Lila goes through three lifetimes' worth of trauma and bullshit just in the first twenty years of her life alone, definitely explaining some of her attitude and her tendency to occasionally withdraw, and 2. she's actually sometimes sort of right with her criticism and her "lack of support"? (e.g. in the Nino affair.)

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* UnreliableNarrator: Elena's narration seems to leave a lot of people feeling like Lila is the worse friend and the worse person between the two main characters. This is despite the fact that, once you look past her more outwardly bitter and confrontational personality, Lila does very little that is objectively bad, especially once she grows fully into an adult. When you look into it a lot of Lila's "worst moments" come from Elena's representation of herself as a wronged and/or neglected friend, but her perspective is clearly subjective. We usually don't have a direct entry point into Lila's feelings and motivations the way we do with Elena, and Elena often seems to read malicious intent into Lila's actions/words, especially considering 1. Lila goes through three lifetimes' worth of trauma and bullshit just in the first twenty years of her life alone, definitely explaining some of her attitude and her tendency to occasionally withdraw, as well as some of her more questionable actions as a teenager, and 2. she's actually sometimes sort of right with her criticism and her "lack of support"? (e.g. in the Nino affair.)
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* UnreliableNarrator: Elena's narration seems to leave a lot of people feeling like Lila is the worse friend and the worse person between the two main characters. This is despite the fact that, once you look past her more outwardly bitter and confrontational personality, Lila does very little that is objectively bad, especially once she grows fully into an adult. When you look into it a lot of Lila's "worst moments" come from Elena's representation of herself as a wronged and/or neglected friend, but her perspective is clearly subjective. We usually don't have a direct entry point into Lila's feelings and motivations the way we do with Elena, and Elena often seems to read malicious intent into Lila's actions/words, especially considering 1. Lila goes through three lifetimes' worth of trauma and bullshit just in the first twenty years of her life alone, definitely explaining some of her attitude and her tendency to occasionally withdraw, and 2. she's actually sometimes sort of right with her criticism and her "lack of support"? (e.g. in the Nino affair.)
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* WorldOfJerkass: Almost all the characters, regardless of their wealth, gender, background, education, or political opinions, are shown to be selfish and immoral people to some degree (including the two protagonists [[SecretlySelfish Elena]] and especially [[{{Jerkass}} Lila]]). One of the rare exceptions is [[NiceGuy Enzo]].

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* WorldOfJerkass: Almost all the characters, regardless of their wealth, gender, background, education, or political opinions, are shown to be selfish and immoral people to some degree (including the two protagonists [[SecretlySelfish Elena]] and especially [[{{Jerkass}} Lila]]). One of the rare exceptions is [[NiceGuy Enzo]].

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* BrattyTeenageDaughter:
** [[spoiler: Elena's]] two older daughters with Pietro definitely have shades of this as teenagers. They come from quite a privileged background and have a pretty decent life by the standards of "the neighborhood", but often act entitled and disrespectful, fight each other, and eventually fight over a man.

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* BrattyTeenageDaughter:
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BrattyTeenageDaughter: [[spoiler: Elena's]] two older daughters with Pietro definitely have shades of this as teenagers. They come from quite a privileged background and have a pretty decent life by the standards of "the neighborhood", but often act entitled and disrespectful, fight each other, and eventually fight over a man.
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** [[spoiler: Elena's]] two older daughters with Pietro come from quite a privileged background and have a pretty decent life by Naples standards, but turn their noses up at their mother for not being "cool", fight each other, and fight over a man.

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** [[spoiler: Elena's]] two older daughters with Pietro definitely have shades of this as teenagers. They come from quite a privileged background and have a pretty decent life by Naples standards, the standards of "the neighborhood", but turn their noses up at their mother for not being "cool", often act entitled and disrespectful, fight each other, and eventually fight over a man.

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This trope isn't about just any teenage girl with an attitude, it's a specific kind of character (generally middle class, likes shopping, whiney, boy-obsessed etc.)


** Lila, with her stubborn and disobedient personality, gets on the nerves of her father and brother as a teenager.
** [[spoiler: Elena's]] two older daughters with Pietro definitely have shades of this as teenagers. Even their mother can see how disrespectful they are, both to each and other people.

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** Lila, with her stubborn and disobedient personality, gets on the nerves of her father and brother as a teenager.
** [[spoiler: Elena's]] two older daughters with Pietro definitely come from quite a privileged background and have shades of this as teenagers. Even a pretty decent life by Naples standards, but turn their noses up at their mother can see how disrespectful they are, both to for not being "cool", fight each other, and other people.fight over a man.
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** Lila is also a voracious reader during her childhood and early teens, and later intermittently throughout her life. In the first novel Elena finds out that Lila has secretly been reading every single book in the library even after she wasn't allowed to attend middle school. Lila starts professing disinterest in books and reading once she [[spoiler: marries Stefano]] at sixteen, but she picks the habit back up several times throughout her life such as when [[spoiler: she has an affair with Nino]] and when she develops an interest in the history of Naples after [[spoiler: her daughter's disappearance]]. It is also implied at different points in the novel that she's better-read and better-informed than she's willing to let on even as an adult.

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** Lila is also a voracious reader during her childhood and early teens, and later intermittently throughout her life. In the first novel Elena finds out that Lila has secretly been reading every single book in the library even after she wasn't allowed to attend middle school. Lila starts professing disinterest in books and reading once she [[spoiler: marries Stefano]] at sixteen, but she picks the habit back up several times throughout her life such as when [[spoiler: she has an affair with Nino]] and when she develops an interest in the history of Naples after [[spoiler: her daughter's disappearance]]. It is also implied at different points in the novel novels that she's better-read and better-informed than she's willing to let on even as an adult.
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** Lila is also a voracious reader during her childhood and early teens, and later intermittently throughout her life. In the first novel Elena finds out that Lila has secretly been reading every single book in the library even after she wasn't allowed to attend middle school. Lila starts professing disinterest in books and reading once she [[spoiler: marries Stefano]] at sixteen, but she picks the habit pick up several times throughout her life such as when [[spoiler: she has an affair with Nino]] and when she develops an interest in the history of Naples after [[spoiler: her daughter's disappearance]]. It is also implied at different points in the novel that she's better-read and better-informed than she's willing to let on even as an adult.

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** Lila is also a voracious reader during her childhood and early teens, and later intermittently throughout her life. In the first novel Elena finds out that Lila has secretly been reading every single book in the library even after she wasn't allowed to attend middle school. Lila starts professing disinterest in books and reading once she [[spoiler: marries Stefano]] at sixteen, but she picks the habit pick back up several times throughout her life such as when [[spoiler: she has an affair with Nino]] and when she develops an interest in the history of Naples after [[spoiler: her daughter's disappearance]]. It is also implied at different points in the novel that she's better-read and better-informed than she's willing to let on even as an adult.
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** Lila was this in her pre-teen years. As Elena finds out, Lila was secretly reading every single book in the library, even if she wasn't allowed to attend middle school. She stops reading after marrying Stefano, although she briefly restarted to read again during her short relationship with Nino.

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** Lila was this in is also a voracious reader during her pre-teen years. As childhood and early teens, and later intermittently throughout her life. In the first novel Elena finds out, out that Lila was has secretly been reading every single book in the library, library even if after she wasn't allowed to attend middle school. She stops Lila starts professing disinterest in books and reading once she [[spoiler: marries Stefano]] at sixteen, but she picks the habit pick up several times throughout her life such as when [[spoiler: she has an affair with Nino]] and when she develops an interest in the history of Naples after marrying Stefano, although she briefly restarted to read again during [[spoiler: her short relationship with Nino.daughter's disappearance]]. It is also implied at different points in the novel that she's better-read and better-informed than she's willing to let on even as an adult.
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* HatesTheirParent:
** Elena admits in the first book that she ''really'' hated her abusive mother Immacolata when she was younger. [[spoiler: Subverted in the last book, where Immacolata is sick and Elena realizes how much she actually loves her mother. She also learns that part of her mother's abuse was ToughLove.]]
** Nino hates his (seemingly friendly) father for being a hypocritical liar who cheats on Nino's mother. Ironically, Nino ends up becoming exactly life his father as he grows up.
** In the third book, Pietro can't stand his mother and is always trying to avoid her.
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** [[spoiler:Two of Elena's three daughters are only known by their nicknames. The first daughter Adele was initially nicknamed "Ade" by Elena, until her husband Pietro reminds her what Ade means (it's the Italian name of the god "Hades"), so she quickly switches to "Dede".]]
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* NoNameGiven: Lila has younger siblings but their names are never mentioned, as they are not really part of the story. We only know that they exist and that Lila has a big family. On the other hand, Lila's older brother Rino is a prominent character in the first two books.
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* WorldOfJerkass: Almost all the characters, regardless of their wealth, gender, background, education, or political opinions, are shown to be selfish, immoral, or morally ambiguous people to some degree. [[NiceGuy Enzo]] is one of the rare exceptions.

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* WorldOfJerkass: Almost all the characters, regardless of their wealth, gender, background, education, or political opinions, are shown to be selfish, immoral, or morally ambiguous selfish and immoral people to some degree. [[NiceGuy Enzo]] is one degree (including the two protagonists [[SecretlySelfish Elena]] and especially [[{{Jerkass}} Lila]]). One of the rare exceptions.exceptions is [[NiceGuy Enzo]].
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* WorkingClassHero: What Lila ends up unwillingly becoming during her time at the factory.

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* WorkingClassHero: What Lila ends up unwillingly becoming during her time at the factory.factory.
* WorldOfJerkass: Almost all the characters, regardless of their wealth, gender, background, education, or political opinions, are shown to be selfish, immoral, or morally ambiguous people to some degree. [[NiceGuy Enzo]] is one of the rare exceptions.
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* AmicableExes: In the last book, Elena is on friendly terms [[spoiler: with both her-boyfriend Antonio and her ex-husband Pietro.]]


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* {{Bookworm}}:
** Elena and Nino read a lot, although it's hard to tell if they really enjoy reading, or if they just do it to impress other people with their knowledge of history and literature. Probably a bit of both.
** Lila was this in her pre-teen years. As Elena finds out, Lila was secretly reading every single book in the library, even if she wasn't allowed to attend middle school. She stops reading after marrying Stefano, although she briefly restarted to read again during her short relationship with Nino.
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* BittersweetEnding: [[spoiler: While Lila gets a 100% DownerEnding, Elena's final life is more bittersweet: At 60 years old, she a rich, accomplished writer with many successful books, she gets appreciation for her works everywhere, and her three daughters grew up to be smart students with a good life. But all her family lives far away, and she has lost the two people she loved the most, as her dream man Nino turned out to be a complete jerk and her best friend Lila disappeared without a trace.]]
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* ChildhoodFriends: The two protagonist are friend since elementary school. The four novels revolve around their growing into womanhood.

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* ChildhoodFriends: The two protagonist protagonists are friend friends since elementary school. The four novels revolve around their growing into womanhood.
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* AdaptationalAttractiveness: Eleonora, a minor character and Nino's wife in later books. In the book, when Elena meets her for the first time, she's surprised that Eleonora is actually a homely, overweight, obnoxious, and ignorant woman with a shrill voice (it's implied that Nino married her only because of her rich and powerful family). The Eleonora of the TV series is beautiful, graceful, and nothing like her book counterpart.
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* BetaCouple: In later books, Carmela and the gas station attendant are the only stable and conflict-free relationship in the entire series, and we barely know anything about Carmela's husband. Otherwise averted, all the secondary couples (the ones not involving Elena and Lila) are just as dysfunctional and toxic as the main ones.
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** [[spoiler: Elena and Pietro's s first daughter is named after Pietro's mother Adele, though little Adele is OnlyKnownByTheirNickname Dede. Elena's third daughter is named after Elena's mother Immacolata, but she's also OnlyKnownByTheirNickname Imma.]]

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** [[spoiler: Elena and Pietro's s first daughter is named after Pietro's mother Adele, though little Adele is OnlyKnownByTheirNickname Dede. Elena's third daughter is named after Elena's mother Immacolata, but she's also OnlyKnownByTheirNickname Imma.]]
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* AncestralName: Very common in these books is to name children after grandparents.
** [[spoiler: Elena and Pietro's s first daughter is named after Pietro's mother Adele, though little Adele is OnlyKnownByTheirNickname Dede. Elena's third daughter is named after Elena's mother Immacolata, but she's also OnlyKnownByTheirNickname Imma.]]
** [[spoiler: Lila's daughter and later MissingChild Tina is named after Lila's mother Nunzia (Tina is short for "Annunziatina").]]
** [[spoiler: Rino and Pinuccia's child "Dino" is named after Rino's father Fernando (Dino being short for "Fernandino").]]
** [[spoiler: Stefano and Ada's daughter Maria is named after Stefano's mother.]]
** [[spoiler: Averted with Lila and Stefano's son. Stefano absolutely wanted to name him "Achille", after Stefano's late father, and fought with Lila about it. But Lila told him that "she would rather kill herself", since she has hated Stefano's evil father since she was a child, and at that point she still believed Nino was the baby's real father, and not Stefano. She ends up naming the baby Gennaro, after her older brother Rino.]]

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* AwfulWeddedLife: [[spoiler: Lila's marriage with Stefano is a complete disaster, as she despises him and he beats her. They are also both unfaithful.]]

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* AwfulWeddedLife: [[spoiler: Lila's marriage with Stefano is a complete disaster, as she despises him and he beats her. They are also both unfaithful. And he raped her on their wedding night.]]



* BettyAndVeronica: Timid Elena being the Betty, and fiery, unpredictable Lila being the Veronica to Nino's Archie.

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* BettyAndVeronica: BettyAndVeronica:
**
Timid Elena being the Betty, and fiery, unpredictable Lila being the Veronica to Nino's Archie.Archie.
** In the third book, [[spoiler: Elena is the Archie to her safe, boring husband Pietro (Betty) and the hot, exciting but untrustworthy Nino (Veronica). She chooses the latter...]]



* TheCasanova: [[spoiler: Nino]], bordering on SexAddiction. [[spoiler: In the last book, he cheats on Elena with multiple different women, including the middle-aged cleaning lady.]]

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* TheCasanova: TheCasanova:
**
[[spoiler: Nino]], bordering on SexAddiction. [[spoiler: In the last book, he cheats on Elena with multiple different women, including the middle-aged cleaning lady.]]]]
** Michele Solara, who tells his wife Gigliola that he has slept with 122 women in the third book (some of them paid, others for free). He also tells his wife that she's just "one of them" and not even among the best.
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* WillTheyOrWontThey: Elena and Nino. Elena has been in love with Nino since childhood, all their interactions have UnresolvedSexualTension, but Nino's feelings for her are not clear. [[spoiler: They get together by the end of the third book... but their relationship in the fourth/last book is a disaster, with Nino being even more of a jerk than in the previous books. Elena finally gets over her love for him.]]
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* PairTheSmartOnes: Many couples involving the main characters are this:
** Elena and Nino, the main (toxic) WillTheyOrWontThey couple. Nino's intelligence is one of the reasons why Elena remains in love with him for a long time. They were also the two best students in their high school.
** Elena and her husband Pietro, the latter being a GentlemanAndAScholar from a famous and wealthy family of intellectuals. While Elena is just as smart as him, she's a bit embarrassed about her Neapolitan background and her poor, ignorant family.
** Lila and Nino, as it's revealed during the holiday in Ischia that Nino is attracted to Lila because he still remembers her as the ChildProdigy from primary school, even if she dropped out after that.
** Lila and Enzo. Both were GoodWithNumbers compared to all the other kids in elementary school. [[spoiler:When they move in together, they learn electronics and start their own computer company.]]
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* AllGirlsWantBadBoys: Resident bad boys Marcello and Michele Solara are considered attractive by girls. The problem is that both want Lila (at different times) but she hates them.

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* AllGirlsWantBadBoys: Resident bad boys Marcello and Michele Solara are considered attractive by girls. The problem is that they both want Lila (at different times) but she hates them.
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* AllGirlsWantBadBoys: Resident bad boys Marcello and Michele Solara are considered attractive by girls. The problem is that both want Lila (at different times) but she hates them.

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* TheCasanova: [[spoiler: Nino]], bordering on SexAddiction.

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* TheCasanova: [[spoiler: Nino]], bordering on SexAddiction. [[spoiler: In the last book, he cheats on Elena with multiple different women, including the middle-aged cleaning lady.]]



* FirstGirlWins: [[spoiler: Enzo]] is the very first to guy shown to have special feelings for [[spoiler: Lila]] while they're still in grade school. He becomes her final and longest-lasting romantic companion in the end.

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* FirstGirlWins: [[spoiler: Enzo]] is the very first to guy shown to have special feelings for [[spoiler: Lila]] while they're still in grade school. He becomes her final and longest-lasting romantic companion in the end. [[spoiler: It doesn't end well, though, because of other reasons.]]



* KavorkaMan: Donato Sarratore is by no means a handsome man, but with his facade of a gallant and cultured gentleman, he manages to seduce many women.

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* KavorkaMan: KavorkaMan:
**
Donato Sarratore is by no means a handsome man, but with his facade of a gallant and cultured gentleman, he manages to seduce many women.women.
** [[spoiler: Lila's son Gennaro grows up to be an ugly, overweight, and unintelligent loser. Elena's two older daughters Dede and Elsa are madly in love with him as teenagers, despite being both much smarter than him. Neither Elena nor Lila can understand why.]]


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* LowerClassLout: The protagonist's neighbourhood is mostly inhabited by ignorant, vulgar, and violent people. Crimes and murders are very common.

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