History Creator / VictorHugo

Hugo's most famous political causes included the reduction of poverty and advocacy for better education for the masses, as well as advocacy for the abolition of death penalty (which eventually happened in France just a little under a century after his passing). He was also an advocate for UsefulNotes/{{copyright}} and successfully lobbied for the Berne Convention (still today, the main treaty governing copyright internationally) as founder and honorary president of the ''Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale''.

He witnessed all the revolutionary turmoils UsefulNotes/{{France}} went through in the 19th century, which fuelled his sympathy for the common folk (showcased in ''Les Misérables'') and hatred of autocracy. Initially a conservative royalist (his mother had been a devoted if secret supporter of the Bourbons during the [[UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution First Republic]] and [[UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte First Empire]]), he grew more radical over time. He served in several legislative or constitutional bodies, starting under the July Monarchy, in which [[UsefulNotes/LEtatCestMoi King Louis-Philippe]] created him Viscount Hugo, which came with the right to sit in the upper house; he was a consistently conservative-liberal voice in the Chamber of Peers.

* See [[DerivativeWorks/TheHunchbackOfNotreDame here]] for the adaptations of ''The Hunchback of Notre Dame''.
* See [[DerivativeWorks/LesMiserables here]] for the adaptations of ''Les Misérables''.

* ''DerivativeWorks/TheHunchbackOfNotreDame''
* ''DerivativeWorks/LesMiserables''

* See ''[[Franchise/TheHunchbackOfNotreDame Franchise.The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' for the novel's adaptations
* See ''[[DerivativeWorks/LesMiserables Franchise.Les Misérables]]'' for the novel's adaptations

* OlderThanRadio: In his his ''preface to Cromwell'' (a [[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin preface to one of his early plays]], titled ''Cromwell''), Hugo, by then 25 years of age, showed himself as an excellent troper. In 53 pages, he described a lot of tropes in literature and theatre to be found during his time, and all the way back to Creator/{{Homer}}.

* OlderThanRadio: In his his ''preface to Cromwell'' (a [[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin preface to his early play]] ''Cromwell''), Hugo, by then 25 years of age, showed himself as an excellent troper. In 53 pages, he described a lot of tropes in literature and theatre to be found during his time, and all the way back to Creator/{{Homer}}.

He witnessed all the revolutionary turmoils UsefulNotes/{{France}} went through in the 19th century, which fuelled his sympathy for the common folk (showcased in ''Les Misérables'') and hatred of autocracy. Initially a conservative royalist (his mother had been a devoted if secret supporter of the Bourbons during the [[UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution First Republic]] and [[UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte First Empire]], he grew more radical over time. He served in several legislative or constitutional bodies, starting under the July Monarchy, in which [[UsefulNotes/LEtatCestMoi King Louis-Philippe]] created him Viscount Hugo, which came with the right to sit in the upper house; he was a consistently conservative-liberal voice in the Chamber of Peers.

Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) is one of the titans of FrenchLiterature, as well a prominent [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem politician]] and activist of the 19th century.

* See ''[[Franchise/LesMiserables Franchise.Les Misérables]]'' for the novel's adaptations

[[quoteright:300:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/Victor_Hugo_001_9765.jpg]]

He witnessed all the revolutions UsefulNotes/{{France}} went through in the 19th century, which fuelled his sympathy for the common folk (showcased in ''Les Misérables'') and hatred of autocracy. Initially a conservative royalist (his mother had been a devoted if secret supporter of the Bourbons during the [[UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution First Republic]] and [[UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte First Empire]], he grew more radical over time. He served in several legislative or constitutional bodies, starting under the July Monarchy, in which [[UsefulNotes/LEtatCestMoi King Louis-Philippe]] created him Viscount Hugo, which came with the right to sit in the upper house; he was a consistently conservative-liberal voice in the Chamber of Peers.

After the [[UsefulNotes/RevolutionsOf1848 Revolution of 1848]], he was elected as a conservative to the National Assembly under the Second Republic, though he found himself quickly moving left, and ended up being among those delegates who denounced Napoleon III's 1851 move to establish the Second Empire. Loud in his loathing of that new imperial regime, he was exiled to UsefulNotes/{{the Channel Islands}} (UsefulNotes/{{Jersey}} then UsefulNotes/{{Guernsey}}) for some time. However, he returned after the UsefulNotes/FrancoPrussianWar ended the Second Empire, and sat first in the National Assembly and then in the Senate of the Third Republic until his death.

After the [[UsefulNotes/RevolutionsOf1848 Revolution of 1848]], he was elected as a conservative to the National Assembly under the Second Republic, though he found himself quickly moving left, and ended up being among those delegates who denounced Napoleon III's 1851 move to establish the Second Empire. Loud in his loathing of that new imperial regime, he was exiled to UsefulNotes/{{the Channel Islands}} for some time. However, he returned after the UsefulNotes/FrancoPrussianWar ended the Second Empire, and sat first in the National Assembly and then in the Senate of the Third Republic until his death.

Hugo's most famous political causes included the reduction of poverty and better education for the masses, as well as advocacy for the abolition of death penalty (which eventually happened in France just a little under a century after his passing). He was also an advocate for UsefulNotes/{{copyright}} and successfully lobbied for the Berne Convention (still today, the main treaty governing copyright internationally) as founder and honorary president of the ''Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale''.

He is most well known for his [[TheEpic epic]] novels ''Literature/LesMiserables'' and ''Literature/TheHunchbackOfNotreDame'', though he was also an accomplished playwright and poet, as his body of work can tell.

** ''Les Châtiments'' is a huge TakeThat against French emperor Napoleon III, whom he despised along with his regime, constantly comparing him negatively to [[UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte his uncle]] (whose legend Hugo contributed to propagate).

He witnessed all the revolutions UsefulNotes/{{France}} went through in the 19th century, which fuelled his sympathy for the common folk (showcased in ''Les Misérables'') and hatred of autocracy. Initially a conservative royalist (his mother had been a devoted if secret supporter of the Bourbons during the [[UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution First Republic]] and [[UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte First Empire]], he grew more radical over time. He served in several legislative or constitutional bodies, starting under the July Monarchy, in which Louis-Philippe created him Viscount Hugo, which came with the right to sit in the upper house; he was a consistently conservative-liberal voice in the Chamber of Peers.

He witnessed all the revolutions UsefulNotes/{{France}} went through in the 19th century, which fuelled his sympathy for the common folk (showcased in ''Les Misérables'') and hatred of autocracy. Initially a conservative royalist (his mother had been a devoted if secret supporter of the Bourbons during the [[UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution First Republic]] and [[UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte First Empire), he grew more radical over time. He served in several legislative or constitutional bodies, starting under the [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem July Monarchy]], in which Louis-Philippe created him Viscount Hugo, which came with the right to sit in the upper house; he was a consistently conservative-liberal voice in the Chamber of Peers.

He witnessed all the revolutions UsefulNotes/{{France}} went through in the 19th century, which fuelled his sympathy for the common folk (showcased in ''Les Misérables'') and hatred of autocracy. Initially a conservative royalist (his mother had been a devoted if secret supporter of the Bourbons during the First Republic and First Empire), he grew more radical over time. He served in several legislative or constitutional bodies, starting under the [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem July Monarchy]], in which Louis-Philippe created him Viscount Hugo, which came with the right to sit in the upper house; he was a consistently conservative-liberal voice in the Chamber of Peers.

* See ''[[Franchise/TheHunchbackOfNotreDame Franchise.The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' for the namesake adaptations
* See ''[[Franchise/LesMiserables Franchise.Les Misérables]]'' for the namesake adaptations

* See ''Franchise.TheHunchbackOfNotreDame'' for the namesake adaptations
* See ''Franchise.LesMiserables'' for the namesake adaptations