Line #3 UsefulNotes/JuliusCaesar


1	%% Migrated from Creator page per TRS discussion: https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/posts.php?discussion=1482275274080479700
2	[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/julius_caesar_tusculum.jpg]]
3	[[caption-width-right:350:The Tusculum portrait, possibly the only extant {{sculpture\|s}} of Caesar made in his lifetime.[[note]]Which interestingly enough was rediscovered by Lucien Bonaparte, younger brother of [[UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte another great world defining conqueror]], in 1825[[/note]]]]
4
5	->''"Alea iacta est!"'' [[labelnote:Translation]]Most common translation in English is: "The die has been cast!". He's actually quoting a line from a Greek play by Menander, a better translation is "[[IndyPloy Let's roll the dice]]"! [[/labelnote]]
6	-->-- '''Caesar''', [[PointOfNoReturn crossing the Rubicon]]
7
8	The most famous [[AncientRome Roman]] in history. Brilliant general, orator, politician and writer. Had nothing to do with [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_salad the salad]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Caesars the pizza franchise]], the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesars_Palace casino/hotel]] in UsefulNotes/LasVegas, or (probably) [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarean_section the surgical procedure]].
9
10	Gaius Julius Caesar (13[[note]]or 12[[/note]] July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was born in the month [[UsefulNotes/{{Augustus}} his successor]] would rename after him, July (then called ''Quintilis''), in the year 100 BC, to a minor aristocratic family that nonetheless traced its line back to the foundation of Rome, as well as [[Myth/ClassicalMythology the goddess Venus]] and the hero [[Literature/TheAeneid Aeneas]]. Caesar's father died when he was 16, making Caesar the head of the household (paterfamilias), and within a year he'd attained the position of Flamen Dialis[[note]]High Priest of Jupiter, who lived under a series of religious injunctions, most famously being forbidden to ride a horse, touch iron, touch a corpse, spend the night outside the City, or become Consul; in compensation he got a unique hat and a seat in the Senate [[/note]], for which he had to break off his engagement to a plebeian girl and marry Cornelia, the daughter of four-time consul, the populare Lucius Cornelius Cinna, who at that time was allied with Caesar's uncle Marius in a nasty factional fight with the Optimate-backed Sullans. Marius had died about a year before Caesar became a high priest, but he did approve his nephew's nomination, though historians note that there is next to no evidence of any other connection or bond Caesar might have had with "The Third Founder of Rome".
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12	When Sulla returned and took over Rome, driving Cinna, Quintus Sertorius and others away (where they would eventually die ignominiously) he unleashed a round of [[ThePurge proscriptions]] in the capital. Anyone whose name was featured in the notices (which is what proscriptions means) was an {{Outlaw}}: they were denied rights and protections, their properties could be seized by the state, and their children and family were permanently barred from political office. This happened, unsurprisingly, to many of Cinna's associates and extended network.
13
14	Sulla also tried to control and insinuate himself into political life by controlling and regulating the lives of others. He demanded that Julius divorce his wife Cornelia (daughter of the disgraced Cinna) and marry into his circle as a test of loyalty. Caesar refused to do so, and courageously (and some might say foolishly) defied the dictator. Sulla removed Caesar from the priesthood of Flamen Dialis, and Caesar actually went on the run as a NobleFugitive, living hand to mouth in the wild before being caught by Sulla's soldiers. He almost certainly would have died if not for the efforts of his mother Aurelia, who appealed to the Vestal Virgins and other friends to help persuade Sulla into sparing him. Sulla agreed, but not before gritting his teeth and saying, apocryphally, "In this Caesar, I see many Mariuses"[[note]]Roman historians writing after the First Century BCE tend to feature surprisingly prophetic statements and parallels, so that most modern historians see this as an invention by Livy, Plutarch and Appian either out of religious sentiment, or because it's a good story[[/note]].
15
16	After being stripped of his post as Flamen Dialis, [[NiceJobFixingItVillain Caesar was now able to seek a career in the army that would not have been open had it not been for Sulla]]. Caesar entered the army and wisely stayed out of the capital, returning only after Sulla's death (one year after he surrendered the dictatorship, and then serving a term after that as Consul). One of Sulla's restrictions, possibly ordered as a joke, only allowed him to ride a donkey into battle. Somehow, he still went on to attain distinction, winning the Civic Crown (equivalent of a medal) in a siege, which entitled him to automatic entry into the Senate[[note]]It was supposed to be attained for saving the life of a soldier from an enemy combatant. However, in practice Roman military decorations were awarded for more trivial deeds as well, in order for the commanders to win popularity among their soldiers; for example, in his ''Attic Nights'' Aulus Gellius quotes Cato the Elder criticizing Roman commander Marcus Fulvius Nobilior for awarding crowns to the soldiers for industry in building a rampart or in digging a well. Suetonius does not specify what Caesar was given the Civic Crown for[[/note]]. He also, during this time, was sent on a mission to Bithynia to secure the help of King Nicomedes, but his lengthy stay at court sprouted (probably false) rumours in Rome that the two were having a homosexual affair, rumours that were to dog Caesar throughout his career.[[note]]Specifically, Caesar was rumoured to have been the "bottom" in the relationship; the Roman stigma against homosexuality was based primarily on this distinction.[[/note]]
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18	Caesar returned shortly before Sulla's death, during which time the dictator rescinded his order only allowing Caesar to ride a donkey, and gave him a present of a warhorse with toes instead of normal hooves. He was to ride this horse and its descendants into battle for the rest of his career. Despite these gains, his fortune was depleted, and he had to survive on a fairly low budget, moving into a modest house in the plebian district of Subura.
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20	He took up legal advocacy (like most aspiring politicians of the time) and became famous for his oratory and ruthlessness in the courts. Shortly afterward he sought to improve his oratory further and sought out Cicero's teacher Appollonius in Rhodes. On the way, he was captured by pirates, and infamously acted high-handedly with his captors, demanding they ask for a higher ransom and promising to hunt them down and kill them all once he was freed. The pirates [[SarcasticConfession thought he was joking]], until he actually came back and had them all crucified.[[note]]Or, rather, had their corpses crucified. He thought crucifixion was so horrible a way to die he had them executed before putting them to the cross.[[/note]]
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22	After his return to Rome, he was elected military tribune[[note]]Despite the name, this wasn't a military equivalent to the Tribunes who protected the rights of the Roman people; by law, Roman soldiers had no rights to protect in the first place. "Military tribune" was a regular military rank that was, very roughly, equivalent to the rank of colonel in a modern army. It was the usual first step in a political career; Romans tended not to trust politicians who hadn't served a term in the army.[[/note]], and quaestor in 69 BC at the age of 30.[[note]]This is significant, as quaestor was the first step in the formal ''cursus honorum'', and 30 was the minimum age to serve as a quaestor, which meant he had been elected "in his year." Being elected to a ''cursus honorum'' office "in one's year" was generally seen as the mark of a politician on the make.[[/note]] That year, his first wife died. He served his quaestorship in Hispania, where he reportedly wept before a statue of UsefulNotes/AlexanderTheGreat, realizing his achievements at the same age were rather less impressive.
23
24	He married Sulla's granddaughter Pompeia later on and worked to undermine the regime the dead dictator had set up, possibly being involved in two aborted coups. Ironically, he was following in Sulla's footsteps in this regard, as the late dictator had done exactly the same to the previous Roman regime. He also had trouble with moneylenders, taking many big loans and having a hard time repaying them. During this time, he ended up in the debt of [[UsefulNotes/MarcusLiciniusCrassus Marcus Licinus Crassus]], future triumvir and richest man in Rome (much of his wealth having been plunder acquired during Sulla's proscriptions). Fiction and contextual speculation would tend to have Caesar serving under Crassus during the [[GladiatorRevolt Third Servile War]], i.e. the famous [[{{Film/Spartacus}} revolt of]] [[Series/SpartacusBloodAndSand Spartacus]], albeit historical record on this remains sparse. Their financial and professional relationship, as will be shown later, will serve them well.
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26	His real climb to power began in 63 BC. He began with a well-followed political theater show trial of the Senator Gaius Rabirius [[note]]Long story as short as can be made -- Rabirius was charged with complicity in the death of the former Tribune Lucius Apeulius Saturninus, who had been killed around 40 years earlier during the chaos surrounding the tumultuous consulates of Marius and Cinna. Caesar had Rabirius charged using the antiquated "Perduellio" offense (a form of capital high treason that involved the convicted being thrown off the Tarpeian Rock, his properties torn down to the ground and any and all public mourning of the convicted was formally banned). Caesar's object in the trial had nothing to do with the death of Saturninus or even securing a conviction and punishment of Rabirius. He instead, given the tensions that were rising over the looming Catilinarian affair, wanted to put [[Creator/{{Cicero}} Marcus Tullius Cicero]] and the rest of the ''optimates'' in the Senate on notice should they take the NuclearOption of instituting the [[EmergencyAuthority Senatus Consultum Ultimum]] (roughly, the final word of the senate) in dealing with Lucius Sergius Catilina. Rabirius had been an ''optimate'' and was one of the youths who had ripped tiles off the roof of the Senate House to throw at Saturninus and the other prisoners being held in trust by Marius, and later rumors had Rabirius parading Saturninus' head at a dinner party. In fact, once it was clear that Caesar had made his point, and just before the jury would have returned the condemnation of Rabirius, one of Caesar's flunkies raised the red flag on the Janiculum Hill (an antiquated sign that the city was under attack and all public business had to cease and all eligible males had to assemble for militia service), after which Caesar quietly dropped the charges.[[/note]]
27	The public attention from this trial and his vigorous dissents in the Catalinarian Conspiracy debates got himself noticed by the public, and he was elected Pontifex Maximus--[[HighPriest chief priest of Rome]]--a huge gamble that would have ruined him if he failed, as he poured all his money into his campaign, whereas while in office he could not be prosecuted for his debts. As he told his mother before going to the polls, he would return as Pontifex Maximus or not at all. By this point he had become a major player in the Populares, a faction consisting of a loose coalition that traced its legacy to the doomed Gracchi brothers and their policies of distributing land and grain to help the plight of the urban poor and disenfranchised provinces, and of providing regular pay for the army whose low-level soldiers were from the same class as the Roman proletarii. Some of them were sincere reformers, while others were ambitious careerists and opportunists interested in a system that allowed them more room to maximize gains from trade with Rome's colonies.
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29	These policies were opposed instinctively and on principle by the Optimates, the conservative faction devoted to the civic order of Rome and its city-state foundations and who had previously suppressed the Gracchi and supported Sulla. Caesar was far less radical and considerably more moderate than earlier populares, such that he would be able to hang out with firebrands but also get on well with the richest and most snobbish aristocrats, which often confused his friends and his enemies. He spoke for clemency during the Catiline conspiracy, which invited suspicion about his motives from Cato the Younger and from Cicero.
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31	He ruthlessly divorced Pompeia after a sex scandal at his house; she was not involved, but he said that "The Chief Priest's wife must be above suspicion," which is usually taken to mean he didn't want this to hinder his career. ([[ValuesDissonance At the time, this was normal Roman behavior]].) The guy who had ruined his marriage, Clodius Pulcher, became one of his associates, and was basically the attack dog of the Populares, leading many street gangs across Rome against rival street gangs put forth by Optimates; a certain UsefulNotes/MarkAntony was one of the leaders of these gangsters. Caesar's third wife and future widow was Calpurnia, also of patrician stock. He was nonetheless a famous ladies' man, and among his mistresses was Servilia, the half-sister of his ArchEnemy Cato the Younger and the mother of Marcus Junius Brutus. Plutarch was one of many historians to suppose that Brutus could have been Caesar's illegitimate son, but historians point out that Caesar was 15 when Brutus was born, and since this was before his nomination as Flamen Dialis and marriage to Cornelia, when he was still low on the totem pole, it's highly unlikely.
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33	Soon after, he became governor of Spain, where he--completely without sanction from Rome--began attacking Roman allies and annexing their land, expanding the Republic throughout modern Spain. Again, he was partly motivated by the need to pay off his creditors, sending them loot to reduce the pressure on him. At this point, he allied with arch-rivals Crassus and UsefulNotes/{{Pompey}}, forming the First Triumvirate with himself as Consul, or head of state for a year, really a three-man dictatorship by which they would mutually enrich and benefit each other with governorships while nominating clients to various posts as tribunes and consuls, to safeguard legislation that benefited them.
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35	Both Crassus and Pompey were former supporters of Sulla and had profited from the dictator's proscriptions, judicial murders, and purges. At the time, Caesar was the least powerful--a forty-year-old politician whose only achievement was winning a few elections, compared to Pompey, a self-proclaimed military prodigy who expanded Rome into Judea, followed by Crassus, who suppressed the Spartacus Rebellion (and who, again, was the richest man in Rome). Caesar shared the Consulship with Bibulus, whose ineffective attempts to oppose the Triumvirs' agenda led to their term being jokingly called the Year of Julius and Caesar (Romans referred to a year by the Consuls' names). After establishing their authority and passing agrarian reform laws that both helped themselves and benefited the poor, Caesar again went on military campaign as governor of Cis-and Transalpine Gaul and Illyria, conquering most of Gaul (France) and entering Germania across several years of campaigning, with a failed attempt to grab Britannia. While there, his daughter Julia -- Pompey's (very) young wife -- died of illness. Within the same period, Crassus had died on the campaign against the Parthians, and the Optimate (or Conservative) faction, allied with Pompey, ordered Caesar to disband his army and declared his governorship over, at the same time refusing to allow him to stand for a second consulship. They then declared him [[{{Outlaw}} an enemy of the state]].
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37	Caesar's only choice was to either surrender his career and become an exile, or risk dishonor, infamy, and the future of Ancient Rome by rebelling. He chose the latter and marched on Rome, using as an excuse the mistreatment of the tribunes of the people who had presented his case to the Senate, by crossing the Rubicon, the border of Italy where Roman armies are supposed to disband. Considering that Sulla had crossed the Pomerium (the boundary of Rome beyond which the army was not supposed to enter) twice and was rewarded by the Optimates with absolute power, Caesar undoubtedly saw his own actions of a comparatively milder nature.
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39	He campaigned through Italy, winning support along the way from many provincial nobles who were not big fans of the snooty Romans, while the Optimates banked everything on Pompey. Caesar eventually took the city unchallenged; even though he had only one legion, his enemies did not trust the newly-recruited troops raised in their defence and fled.
40
41	This started the Roman Civil War, and after gathering the rest of his forces from Hispania, Caesar eventually fought and defeated Pompey at Pharsalus in 48 BC, despite being vastly outnumbered. Pompey fled to Egypt where he died in ignoble circumstances, likewise Caesar's ArchEnemy in the Senate, Cato the Younger committed suicide. While many Pompeyan remnants were hunted down, Caesar made a policy of sparing prominent backers of Pompey, and guarantees (which he honoured) that there would be no more proscriptions in reprisal in the manner of earlier Optimate-Populare dust-offs. Among the people Caesar gave clemency to are Brutus and Cassius.
42
43	As dictator he chased Pompey to Egypt, where Caesar was horrified at his enemy and ex-Son-in-Law's fate, who had ironically been killed with the hope of earning Caesar's favor; far from it, Caesar was outraged, and [[RewardedAsATraitorDeserves had the assassins all executed]]. After that, citing a treaty with the old Ptolemaic King that made Egypt a client of Rome, Caesar saw fit to interfere in an ongoing civil war in favor of UsefulNotes/CleopatraVII Philopator. They became lovers until his death and she claimed him as the father of her son Caesarion.
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45	During the Civil War in Egypt, Caesar's forces accidentally sparked a fire that burnt a portion of the Library of Alexandria[[note]]No, this was not the final fire that destroyed the Library, and by this point in time the Library was a shell of what it had been anyway[[/note]]. On the plus side, while hanging out with Egyptian astronomers, Caesar finally formulated an improvement on the cumbersome Roman calendar based on lunar cycles. This became the Julian Calendar, which after modification by Pope Gregory, [[HitSoHardTheCalendarFeltIt is the calendar that has become the international standard]].
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47	In his five-year dictatorship, Caesar was actually only in Rome for some five months and spent most of his time in the provinces, reforming and improving administration in places like Roman UsefulNotes/{{Athens}}. Rome in the meantime was administered, badly, by Mark Antony as Consul. Caesar's only intervention, and the only real tiff between him and Antony, led to him [[ReassignedToAntarctica sending the latter out of town]] for a while. He made plans for all kinds of ambitious projects based on his experiences in Egypt, this included a modern bureaucracy as well as an institution of census and other reforms, as well as public works and architectural policies that Octavian later instituted.
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49	The Senate bestowed unto Caesar a series of honours, partly because he was so merciful -- unlike Sulla, almost none of his enemies were proscribed, indeed most were pardoned, and Caesar restricted violence and denial of quarter to non-Roman barbarians like the Gauls (who were targets of derision). He began a series of reforms to alleviate the plight of the poor, built many famous buildings, while also reviving an old project of Gaius Gracchus, the rebuilding of Carthage, together with Corinth, both destroyed and famously salted a century before.
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51	Near his final months, he planned an invasion of the Parthian empire. The prospect of a Caesarian success against the Parthians who had repelled all earlier Roman campaigns made many senators panic. While Caesar was moving at a far more moderate pace with his reforms than what fellow populares would have liked, [[SillyRabbitIdealismIsForKids he irritated others with his refusal of proscription]] as well as making cutbacks on the grain dole. But this only made it harder, in the eyes of the optimates, to deny consensual support to reform and rebuild Rome to a permanent populare. A military victory in Parthia would simply reinforce that.
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53	There was also a suspicion that Caesar wanted to be King (which led Caesar and Antony to stage public ceremonies of the former ostentatiously denying a diadem: whether these were sincere assurances, an elaborate joke about the rumors, or [[FictionAsCoverUp a means to gauge whether people would support it]], no one knows). This was further reinforced by his relationship with the Eastern foreign Queen of Egypt, who had also given birth to his son, Caesarion and who moreover was living in Rome in the weeks leading to Caesar's death. By law, Caesarion was not Caesar's heir and had no Roman rights but obviously it would benefit Cleopatra immensely if the Roman-Ptolemaic offspring did get recognition, support and patronage in Rome.[[note]]More likely Caesar intended his illegitimate son to simply be a future Pharaoh of Egypt (the most important of Rome's client kingdoms at the time) who would be not only resolutely pro-Roman but also pro-Julian.[[/note]] This mix of fear, conservative paranoia, genuine constitutional concerns, xenophobia, and misogyny, led to the most famous and momentous of all assassinations in the Ancient World.
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55	Caesar was killed in 44 BC by a group of rebellious senators, led by Brutus (and the assassination plot was first instigated by Cassius), being stabbed [[ThereIsNoKillLikeOverkill 23 times]] [[BloodOnTheDebateFloor in the senate]]. The assassination was clumsy and amateurish, and some of the Senators stabbed and hurt each other when rushing up to Caesar. He was armed with a stylus (a sharp Roman pen, which Gracchian supporters used to defend themselves when they charged and killed Gaius) but [[DidntSeeThatComing was absolutely unprepared for what happened]]. The assassins inflicted a total of 27 wounds, which, given that up to 60 people are said to have ambushed him, is not a particularly good batting average. What's more, Suetonius relates that a physician who performed an autopsy on Caesar (the earliest known post-mortem report in history) established that only one wound (the second one to his ribs) had been fatal.
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57	The line ''EtTuBrute'' is from Shakespeare. Plutarch states that Caesar on seeing Brutus blurted out, "''Kai su, teknon'' (You too, my son)?" either in sadness or in anger that in the end even Brutus, who he had spared and given a governorship in Gaul as a sign of good faith, had betrayed him. The exact site of Caesar's death, in a touch of historical irony, was right under the statue of his old friend and rival Pompey. The conspirators called themselves the "Liberators" and hoped that Caesar's death would resolve the cycle of CivilWar and restore the Republic under the Optimate hegemony. [[GoneHorriblyWrong The small matter of Caesar's great personal popularity and the mobilization of his supporters dispelled this notion]], and the conspirators were chased out of Rome, leading to decades of civil war, with Caesar's faction led by his general Marc Antony and his appointed heir [[UsefulNotes/{{Augustus}} Octavian]] with support from Cleopatra. They eventually won, while his nephew Augustus eventually pulled a coup on his fellow conspirators and - learning from his uncle's failures - used a combination of proscriptions and savvy political engineering to permanently transform TheRepublic into TheEmpire. Caesar was initially supposed to be buried in the Roman Forum near his daughter Julia, but the crowd, as a display of popularity, cremated him in public, throwing furniture, desks, and other articles on top of his corpse as a tribute (similar to Clodius Pulcher's funeral which burnt down the old Senate house) and lighting a large bonfire.
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59	Caesar is a controversial figure, and historians to this day are divided about him. The Republic he overthrew was extremely corrupt and increasingly ineffective, while he provided strong, stable, and popular leadership. He was merciful to his (Roman) enemies and widely respected for his many talents even by opponents like Creator/{{Cicero}}, who, in his invective-filled orations known as the Philippics, told Mark Antony that he was no Caesar. When he died, he was either about to take personal power as the dictator, or possibly reform the Republic to accommodate its new responsibilities and peacefully and moderately end the spiral of factional wars that had gone on for a hundred years at that point. It is one of the great {{What If}}s of history as to what he would have done. The impact and importance of his legacy in Western civilization are indisputably immense: for the next two thousand years after his death, rulers would invoke and wear his name as a title and honorific. All five Emperors of the first dynasty had the name "Caesar" as part of their regnal name, and the word for "emperor" in many languages is based on it ([[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser "Kaiser"]] in German, "Kaisar" in Hindi, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar "Csar"]] in Slavic languages, Kejser[=/=]Keiser[=/=]Kejsare in Scandinavia), although Caesar himself was not an Emperor. Not bad for what seems to have originally been [[IronicNickname the Roman equivalent of the Aussie tradition of calling the bald guy "Curly"]].[[note]]"Caesar"="hairy". While it's not clear if the first member of the gens Julia to be called "Caesar" (who exactly that would be is murky) was hairy or bald, his descendants definitely tended to be bald, which knowing the Romans is probably why this cognomen stuck. (They loved this kind of joke.)[[/note]]
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61	He was a man driven mainly by personal ambition (It was basically the Roman way, at least if you were an aristocrat, but it was a handy putdown by enemies who wanted to prove ''they weren't''), and was perfectly capable of ruthlessness to get what he wanted. His campaigns were extremely brutal, possibly claiming as many as a million lives in total, with much rampant looting and slave trading. He is usually regarded by his critics as the man principally responsible for the death of the Roman Republic, though his admirers feel that by that point Rome was a republic in name only, and that Caesar did more for the common man of Rome than anyone else who could plausibly have taken power would have. He was also known to [[AgentPeacock be very vain about his personal appearance]], and could and would go to extreme lengths to get revenge. The debate, then, is largely if his many accomplishments can justify or condone his misdeeds and personal failings. Whether he was merely an above-average adventurer who came ahead of rivals and opponents who were no better than him, or the last true Roman who could have truly reformed the Republic's obsolete institutions and brutally murderous political culture. Likewise, debate rages over whether there is continuity between him and his nephew Augustus. There is no evidence of him planning to become a dictator prior to the civil war or of attempting to institutionalize despotism (that was more Augustus's thing). He named Octavian (later known as Augustus) as his heir, but he didn't specifically entitle him to inherit the dictatorship and it was probably a consequence of his brief break with Antony and perhaps a temporary stopgap. He clearly did not expect to be assassinated, and Cleopatra and Caesarion were in Rome, so it might have been a temporary thing until he could work legal status for the latter. Augustus in time defeated Antony and murdered Caesarion ("Two caesars is one too many!") so the former clearly saw the latter as a threat.
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63	Recommended reading: ''Caesar: The Life of a Colossus'' by Adrian Goldsworthy and ''The Roman Revolution'' by Sir Ronald Syme.
64
65	----
66
67	!! Works by Gaius Julius Caesar with their own pages:
68
69	* ''Literature/CommentariesOnTheGallicWar''
70
71	----
72
73	[[foldercontrol]]
74
75	!!Caesar in fiction
76
77	[[folder:Tropes as portrayed in fiction]]
78
79	* AlternativeCharacterInterpretation: As seen below, the portrayal of Caesar in various media varies greatly - all the way from a 100 BC Hitler to a Roman Messiah figure. In real life he was a highly complex man, making it very easy to find things from his life and actions that can support whichever "version" of Caesar one wishes to portray. For instance, he did indeed seek out and crucify the pirates who took him captive - but he found himself unable to stomach the horror of crucifixion, and had his men cut the throats of the pirates before they crucified them.
80	** His relationship with Cleopatra lends itself to this, [[DatedHistory although more so in recent years]]. Cleopatra's association with the two Roman generals, Caesar and Marc Antony, has most commonly been portrayed as being a political union with Caesar and genuine love with Antony. Not that anyone today can know the true nature of relationships that happened 2000 years ago, but in the past decade or so the suggestion that it was a genuine love affair between Caesar and Cleopatra has become more and more common ([[TakeAThirdOption not that it couldn't have been love for one of them and a political match for the other]]). The reason behind the shift in interpretation lies in the argument that being involved with Cleopatra, and setting aside his Roman, aristocrat wife for her, was a very bad PR move for a Roman general. Something Caesar realized but Antony didn't...
81	* AmbitionIsEvil: The discussion on the nature of his ambition and to wether or not it was leading to tyranny is a crux in most stories that deal with his demise.
82	-->'''Brutus:''' As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but, as he was ambitious, I slew him.\
83	'''Antony:''' But Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man.
84	* BadassFamily: Caesar's uncle Gaius Marius[[note]]by marriage to his aunt[[/note]] was not so far from his nephew in this regard, given that he was considered the "Third Founder of Rome" due to his time as a FourStarBadass in the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimbrian_War Cimbric]] and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugurthine_War Jugarthine]] Wars. When he became consul, Marius enacted what would be known as the ''[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_reforms Marian Reforms]]'' which pretty much enabled plebians to join the legions instead of just rich landowners, offered property and the spoils of war as incentives for joining the legions, and allowed for standardized training and equipment so that Rome had a standing army year-round.
85	* BaldnessAngst: Suetonius relates that Caesar's baldness gave him much uneasiness and exposed him to the jibes of his enemies, and even his soldiers called him "the bald adulterer". Therefore he used to comb forward his scanty locks, and he gladly concealed it with the privilege of wearing a laurel wreath at all times.
86	* BeamMeUpScotty: One of the sayings attributed to Caesar is ''Alea iacta est'' or "The die is cast". This phrase is from Suetonius' ''Twelve Caesars'', but Suetonius was in fact translating from Greek to Latin. According to Plutarch (who wrote in Greek), Caesar was in fact quoting a play by the Hellenistic Greek Menander, a very popular playwright in Rome, who was known for putting the catchphrase in his plays. Plutarch specifically notes that Caesar spoke in Greek and said ''«Ἀνερρίφθω κύβος» [anerriphtho kybos]'', literally "Let the die be cast". In modern English, it may be rendered as "Let's roll the dice", since [[{{Woolseyism}} modern dice games typically use more than one die]]. The Latin phrase itself is commonly quoted wrongly as well, since Suetonius wrote ''Iacta alea est'', which just means the same ("Cast the die is").
87	* BlindIdiotTranslation: Broadly the difference between "The die is cast" and "Let's roll the dice", i.e. the Latin translations "alea iacta est" or "iacta alea est" from "anerriphtho kybos". The more proverbial and famous "The die is cast" presents Caesar as decisive, commanding, authoritative, and fully aware that NothingIsTheSameAnymore. The latter phrase, "Let's roll the dice" presents Caesar as cautious, hopeful, uncertain as to what might happen, and see it as an acknowledgment that [[IndyPloy he's acting as and when the situation advances and develops]]. More recent historians favour "Let's roll the dice" because they see it as more consistent and typical of Caesar's moderate bridging factions approach, emphasizes the contingent element, and removes the idea of inevitability that was more appealing to Suetonius (whose 12 Caesars is obviously favorable to a direct continuity from Caesar onwards) but which modern historians don't agree with. Historians have also noted that simply changing the tense in Latin from ''est'' to ''esto'' makes it mean the same as the Greek.
88	* FourStarBadass: Caesar has become synonymous with military genius, which fiction does not skimp out on portraying. He fought the Germans, Britons, Gauls, Egyptians, Pontics, Hispanians, and other Romans/Italics, and came out on top against all of them.
89	* HistoricalDomainCharacter: Caesar is so over-represented in fiction (Shakespeare, Asterix and you name it) and so often invoked that many people are amazed that he was an actual person, with some, especially in non-Western countries, reared to believe that he was a mythical figure like Zeus or Jupiter.
90	* HistoricalHeroUpgrade: In works like Colleen [=McCullough=]'s ''Masters of Rome'' where Caesar is shown as a CrusadingLawyer populare turned military adventurer and conqueror. He's also shown as a likable, if somewhat arrogant but generous man in the first acts of Shakespeare's play, showing some amount of fatherly concern for Brutus. Rex Harrison's Julius in ''Film/{{Cleopatra}}'' is likewise a nice old man delighted to father a son with Cleopatra in his older years.
91	* HistoricalVillainUpgrade: It changes across the years depending on the political and social development of society, which obviously looks back at Rome through the prism of later political developments and changes:
92	** Works which show him as a conqueror and focus on his atrocities in Gaul, as well as those which focus on his enemies like Cato or Cicero, will cast Caesar in this role. He appears as a kind of AffablyEvil NobleDemon GreaterScopeVillain in ''ComicBook/{{Asterix}}'' where he's kind of a Doctor Doom-like love-to-hate respectable antagonist who sometimes plots against the good guys but sometimes teams up with them.
93	** During UsefulNotes/TheEnlightenment, the likes of Creator/{{Voltaire}} and others glorified Brutus as a true Republican and painted Caesar as a tyrant. In the 19th Century, John Wilkes Booth compared Caesar to Lincoln, albeit seeing the latter as "a greater tyrant". He, like other Southerners, identified with the optimate cause of Cato and Brutus and saw Caesar/Lincoln as a dangerous reformer. In the 20th Century, the likes of Creator/OrsonWelles and Creator/BertoltBrecht painted him as a proto-fascist Dictator in their theatrical productions. Depending on time and place, Caesar can be a radical/revolutionary and a power-mad tyrant.
94	** Even pro-Caesar works tend to ignore (or [[ValuesDissonance demonize]]) his edict providing rights and protection for Jews who lived in Rome, or him granting citizenship to various Gallic "barbarians" who had shown loyalty (including the entire eligible population of Cisalpine Gaul a.k.a. modern Northern Italy).
95	* LukeIAmYourFather: Roman historians themselves argued that Caesar might have been Brutus' biological father. Brutus' mother Servilia was one of his mistresses. And his last lines "You too, son" has been interpreted as a DeathbedConfession. Likewise, some point out that Caesar gave specific orders in the Battle of Pharsalus to spare Brutus, which is an unusual level of personal concern for a senator who was otherwise indistinguishable (and considered a rather cruel LoanShark even by a snob like Creator/{{Cicero}}).
96	** There's a similar debate among historians about the paternity of Brutus' younger sister, Junia Tertia[[note]]She in turn was married to Cassius, [[EveryoneIsRelated the ''other'' leader of Caesar's assassins]][[/note]]. Modern writers tend to consider her a more plausible candidate as Caesar's child.
97	* NoGoodDeedGoesUnpunished: In contrast to the likes of Sulla and Marius before him, Caesar usually pardoned his (Roman) enemies. He was ultimately murdered in a conspiracy led by the very men he spared. His heirs Octavian and Mark Antony took note and [[MurderIsTheBestSolution did not make the same mistake]].
98	* SignatureLine: Probably the most famous Latin lines of all, so proverbial that people use them without translation.
99	** ''Veni vidi vici''
100	** ''Alea iacta est''
101	** ''EtTuBrute'' , he probably [[BeamMeUpScotty never said it]], on account of being busy dying silently.
102	** ''Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres'', (All of Gaul is divided into three parts). Caesar's opening description of the geography and peoples of Gaul in ''Literature/CommentariesOnTheGallicWar'' might be the most famous infodump in Western civilization, knwon by every student of Latin Language.
103	* TallDarkAndSnarky: Suetonius describes him as "tall of stature," with dark hair and "keen black eyes", and his Commentaries have a lot of deadpan comments in them.
104	* ThirdPersonPerson: He's often portrayed speaking like this, probably because he wrote Commentaries in the third person.
105	* UnreliableNarrator: His first-hand account on the Gaul war, ''De Bello Gallico'', understandably glosses over his least brilliant moments such as the unreliable Gaul allied cavalry, the first Briton campaign, his punitive expedition to Germany, Gergovia etc, sometimes applying the LeeroyJenkins, strategic victory / TacticalWithdrawal perspective. The trend is continued in the follow-up books about the civil war, but it's believed those weren't actually written by Caesar.
106	[[/folder]]
107
108	[[folder:Anime and Manga]]
109	* Caesar is present in ''Anime/CodeGeass''' [[AllThereInTheManual alternate history]]. Like in our timeline, he does venture to the the British Isles twice. Unlike in our timeline, Caesar is unable to keep Roman influence and authority there and thus is the start of the Series' Britannia.
110	* One of the characters in ''Anime/CodeGeassAkitoTheExiled'', Julius Kingsley, is named after Caesar himself.
111	* In ''Anime/GirlsUndPanzer'', Takako Suzuki cosplays as, and answers to, "Caesar," making references to Caesar's life and Roman history, like her three teammates on Hippo Team do with their respective historical figures.
112	* ''Anime/SDGundamWorldHeroes'' has a character based on Julius, Caesar Legend Gundam.
113	[[/folder]]
114
115	[[folder:Comic Books]]
116	* In ''ComicBook/{{Asterix}}'', Caesar is the main antagonist. He's always portrayed as an AntiVillain, due to being based on his image in the school-taught ''Commentaries''.
117	* Appears very often in ComicBook/{{Alix}}, as the main character works for him.
118	* One of the main antagonists of Amber / UsefulNotes/{{Boudica}}, in the ''Vae Victis!'' comic series.
119	* ComicBook/WonderWoman won Caesar's favor in a Golden Age time travel story.
120	[[/folder]]
121
122	[[folder:Film]]
123	* Due to his prominent historical role in it, Caesar shows up in all of the depictions of the end of Ptolemaic Egypt during UsefulNotes/CleopatraVII's rule (since it also leads to his death), which pretty much all borrow things to Shakespeare's ''Theatre/AntonyAndCleopatra''.
124	** Played by Fritz Leiber in ''Cleopatra'' (1917). The oldest known film depiction, the film itself has been [[MissingEpisode/{{Film}} lost]].
125	** Played by Warren William in the 1934 ''Film/{{Cleopatra\|1934}}''.
126	** Played by Creator/ClaudeRains in ''Film/CaesarAndCleopatra'' (1945), which is an adaptation of the eponymous George Bernard Shaw play.
127	** Played by Creator/RexHarrison in ''Film/{{Cleopatra}}'' (1963).
128	** Played by Creator/KennethWilliams in ''Film/CarryOnCleo'' (1964).
129	* Adaptations of the [[Theatre/JuliusCaesar Shakespeare play]]:
130	** In 1950's ''Julius Caesar'', he's played by Harold Tasker.
131	** In 1953's ''Film/{{Julius Caesar\|1953}}'', he's played by Louis Calhern.
132	** In 1970's ''Film/{{Julius Caesar\|1970}}'', he's played by Creator/JohnGielgud, who played Cassius in the 1953 film.
133	* A young Julius Caesar (and a highly fictionalized one) is played by Creator/JohnGavin in ''Film/{{Spartacus}}''.
134	* Michel Serrault played a gay Caesar in the French parody film ''Film/DeuxHeuresMoinsLeQuartAvantJesusChrist'' (1982).
135	* Creator/KlausMariaBrandauer portrayed him in ''Druids'' (2001) about the conquest of Gaul, opposite Creator/ChristopherLambert as Vercingetorix.
136	* A big case of TheOtherDarrin in the ''Franchise/{{Asterix}}'' live-action films, which all are a {{comed\|y}}ic take on the character based on the comic books:
137	** Played by Creator/GottfriedJohn in ''Film/AsterixAndObelixTakeOnCaesar'' (1999).
138	** Played by Creator/AlainChabat ([[DirectedByCastMember the director]]) in ''Film/AsterixAndObelixMissionCleopatra'' (2002).
139	** Played by Creator/AlainDelon in ''Film/AsterixAtTheOlympicGames'' (2008).
140	** Played by Creator/FabriceLuchini in ''Film/AsterixAndObelixGodSaveBritannia'' (2012).
141	** Played by Creator/VincentCassel in ''Film/AsterixAndObelixTheMiddleKingdom'' (2023).
142	* Creator/RamzyBedia (in a case of RaceLift) played him in the 2020 French comedy ''Brutus vs Caesar''.
143	[[/folder]]
144
145	[[folder:Literature]]
146	* He's a central character in Colleen [=McCullough=]'s ''Literature/MastersOfRome'' series.
147	* Creator/ConnIggulden's ''Literature/{{Emperor}}'' series details a VeryLooselyBasedOnATrueStory version of Julius' life and conquests, from childhood all the way to death. Despite the obvious implications of AdaptationDecay, he actually [[ShownTheirWork averts this]] with some very detailed research notes in the appendices of each book and explaining his decisions to eliminate, change, or [[CompositeCharacter combine]] certain figures for the sake of a good story.
148	* He appears in Steven Saylor's ''Literature/RomaSubRosa'' series.
149	* He appears in John Maddox Roberts' ''SPQR'' series.
150	* He's mentioned in ''Literature/IClaudius'', although he has been dead for about 20 years when the story begins.
151	* In the Susan Howatch novel ''The Rich Are Different'', the story of Julius Caesar is retold in a 1920s Wall Street setting.
152	* Caesar is a ''very'' important character in Ben Kane's series ''Literature/TheForgottenLegion''.
153	* He plays a major role in ''Literature/TheSalvationWar'', as the leader of "New Rome" in human-liberated Hell.
154	* He appears in Creator/RobertHarris's ''Literature/{{Imperium}}'' trilogy of novels focusing on the life of Cicero. His depiction here is of a sinister and power-hungry man (though still [[AffablyEvil unfailingly charming, courteous and charismatic]]) serving as the de-facto BigBad for most of the story, although this may be because the trilogy is told exclusively from the perspective of Tiro, the slave and close personal friend of Cicero, who would be [[UnreliableNarrator more inclined than most to view Caesar in a negative light.]] His relationship with Cicero is complex, with Caesar regarding him as something between a WorthyOpponent and a genuine friend whom he admires greatly, but his desire to be an absolute ruler and dominate all those around him make it increasingly difficult to coexist with people like Cicero who favor the Republic and senatorial rule.
155	* ''The Ides of March'', a novel by dramatist Creator/ThorntonWilder, depicts Caesar as an object of gossip and politicking, and culminates with his assassination.
156	[[/folder]]
157
158	[[folder:Live-Action TV]]
159	* Played by Creator/TimothyDalton in the ''Series/Cleopatra1999'' mini-series.
160	* The first season of the {{Creator/HBO}} series ''Series/{{Rome}}'' is about Caesar's rise and fall. He's portrayed by Creator/CiaranHinds.
161	* Caesar, played by Creator/ToddLasance, is a regular character in ''[[Series/{{Spartacus}} Spartacus: War of the Damned]]'', where he fights in the army of Marcus Crassus against Spartacus' slave uprising. He's introduced as a low-ranking politician with a famous name, as well as a cunning soldier, a lothario, and a rival both of Crassus' son, Tiberius, and the rebel Gannicus. [[DoomedByCanon Which was unfortunate for them.]]
162	* He's played by Creator/JeremySisto in the 2003 miniseries ''Series/{{Julius Caesar\|2003}}''. Starts with Sulla's march on Rome, ends with Caesar's assassination.
163	* Creator/KarlUrban played Caesar in a recurring role on ''Series/XenaWarriorPrincess'' and a one-off episode of ''Series/HerculesTheLegendaryJourneys''. Having been Xena's one time ally, and lover, his betrayal (and crucifixion) of her led to Xena's warlord days, the time of her life which she spent the series atoning for. Notably, Xena was the leader of the pirates who ransomed him. Yes, [[AnachronismStew Julius Caesar exists in the same series that depicts the Trojan War, which occurred over 1000 years before his birth]].
164	* The aftermath of his assassination is the backdrop for the ''Series/HistoryBites'' episode "[[WhoShotJFK Who Killed JFC?]]"
165	* John Partridge portrays Caesar in Netflix's highly controversial ''Queen Cleopatra'' season of ''African Queens'' (2023).
166	[[/folder]]
167
168	[[folder:Music]]
169	* His brief invasion of Britannia is used as the narrative in the song [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXaO4ZmExLA Eric the Gardener]] by Music/TheDivineComedy. Caesar is described to have arrived on the islands and left shortly afterwards as a result of his distaste for [[UsefulNotes/BritishWeather the climate]], but not before leaving behind some knickknacks for posterity. These would eventually be found over two thousand years later by the eponymous gardener (Eric Lawes, who was also an [[{{Beachcombing}} amateur metal detectorist]]) as the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoxne_Hoard Hoxne Hoard.]]
170	[[/folder]]
171
172	[[folder:Podcast]]
173	* Is a frequent topic of interest of Dan Carlin in his ''Podcast/HardcoreHistory'' series. He covers Caesar extensively in his ''Death Throes of the Republic'' and ''Celtic Holocaust'' episodes, as well often bringing him up in non-Caesar/non-Roman related episodes.
174	* Creator/MikeDuncan covers Caesar's life in his ''Podcast/TheHistoryOfRome'' series. It's actually the episode where he spent the entire duration of it just covering the one year of Caesar's first consulship (59 B.C.E) that he realized he underestimated how many episodes it would take him cover entire history of the Roman state.
175	[[/folder]]
176
177	[[folder:Theatre]]
178	* Creator/WilliamShakespeare's play ''Theatre/JuliusCaesar'' is about Caesar's assassination and its aftermath. Caesar is the title character, but not the protagonist; he appears in only three scenes.
179	* Creator/GeorgeBernardShaw's play, ''Caesar and Cleopatra'' depicts Caesar's time in Egypt and his relationship with Cleopatra.
180	[[/folder]]
181
182	[[folder:Tabletop Games]]
183	* ''TabletopGame/TheRepublicOfRome'': Caesar is a playable Statesman, albeit only in the Late Republic deck (his Julii gens is playable as a generic Family card from the start, however). He has by far the best individual stats of all the Statesmen in the game, matched only by Scipio Africanus and Pompey, is one of the few Statesmen who start out with any Popularity among common folk (the others being the Gracchi, Cicero, and again Pompey), and his special ability allows him to promote two legions to VeteranUnit status in every battle (as opposed to the usual one).
184	* ''TabletopGame/{{SHASN}}'': The "Fall of the Republic" campaign is set in 40 BCE, in the wake of Caesar's assassination, and its political issues revolve around things that Julius himself had tackled and around his complicated legacy. In particular, the card "Et tu?" questions the meaning of Caesar's death: the Populares (Showstopper) response is a claim that Caesar's death means the impending fall of Rome herself, while the Optimates (Supremo) reply is that his assassination prevented him from becoming a king and thus from destroying Roman society.
185	* ''TabletopGame/YuGiOh'' features the Monarchs, a series of powerful cards based on the Emperors of Rome. The most powerful, Caius, appears to be derived from Gaius himself.
186	[[/folder]]
187
188	[[folder:Video Games]]
189	* The last missions of the Roman campaign in ''VideoGame/EmpireEarth: Art of Conquest'' were about his rise to power.
190	* Edward "Caesar" Sallow from ''VideoGame/FalloutNewVegas'' modeled his band of tribes after the Roman Legions after reading the Commentarii and fancied himself as great a man as Gaius Julius Caesar was.
191	* ''Franchise/AssassinsCreed'':
192	** In ''VideoGame/AssassinsCreedBrotherhood'', the Scrolls of Romulus chronicle Brutus' plan to assassinate Caesar, with the equipment and knowledge provided to carry out the assassination provided by [[spoiler: a Piece of Eden hidden in a [[{{Precursors}} First Civilization]] bunker underneath Rome.]]
193	** He appears in ''VideoGame/AssassinsCreedOrigins'', which is set in AncientEgypt during the reign of UsefulNotes/CleopatraVII. [[spoiler:The game ends with his assassination at the hands of Aya and the Hidden Ones]].
194	* In the first case of ''VideoGame/CriminalCaseTravelInTime'', Caesar is stabbed in the back-three years before his actual assassination in history. Brutus and Cleopatra are suspects in his murder. Funnily enough, Bruno’s motive was that [[spoiler: he was Caesar’s illegitimate son, but Caesar refused to acknowledge him as his own]]. In the end, the killer turned out to be [[spoiler: a time traveler posing as a guard of Cleopatra’s in order to seduce and sleep with her. When Caesar realized his motives, the traveller stabbed in the back to prevent him from jeopardizing his plan]].
195	* Caesar is the Ultimate Persona of Akihiko Sanada in ''VideoGame/{{Persona 3}}'' and serves as his used Persona in ''VideoGame/Persona4Arena''
196	* He is the leader of the Roman civilization in the ''VideoGame/{{Civilization}}'' series of games, though he's notably absent in the fifth one (where he is replaced by Augustus, and in the sixth by Trajan).
197	* The aftermath of Caesar's assassination is dramatized in the game ''VideoGame/ShadowOfRome'', where the father of one of the player character's is framed for the deed.
198	* Appears as a summonable Servant in ''VideoGame/FateGrandOrder'' and a member of the Saber class, and is depicted as, for some reason a lazy, sarcastic fat guy. That being said, his stout build hides a deceptively high strength and speed; and under his lazy attitude and weird speech patterns, [[HiddenDepths he's actually a brilliant thinker and highly charismatic leader]], complete with C-rank Charisma and EX-rank Incitement (effectively meaning he's impossibly good at speeches) skills. He's also a demigod because he claimed to be a descendant of Venus and was deified after his original death. He's also still in love with Cleopatra (who loves him as well, though she's surprised and confused about his current fatty appearance; Julius himself also doesn't know why he has that form), and his wish on the Holy Grail is for both them and their son Caesarion to finally be together as a real family, without the political intrigue of the past coming between them. His Noble Phantasm is his legendary sword Crocea Mors, which allows him to get an automatic hit in, then gives him consecutive luck checks until he fails one, allowing him multiple attacks. It is the embodiment of his drive for victory. However, he doesn't like using it because he regrets the incident where the sword got stuck in his opponent Nennius of Britain's shield and he lost it.
199	* ''[[VideoGame/WhereInTimeIsCarmenSandiego1997 Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' features him on the AncientRome level. The game has some fun alluding to his eventual fate:
200	-->'''Julius Caesar:''' Believe me, a gladiator's life in the Colosseum, and a politician's life in the Senate have much in common!\
201	'''Ivan Idea:''' [[CallForward Well, just watch your back, Julius.]]
202	* The second game of the VideoGame/HegemonySeries covers his campaigns in Gaul. Said campaigns also feature his lieutenant, Titus Labienus.
203	* His campaigns in Gaul are also covered in the ''Caesar in Gaul'' expansion for ''VideoGame/TotalWarRomeII''.
204	* ''VideoGame/ExpeditionsRome'': The [[PlayerCharacter Legate]] meets a young Julius on a ship bound for Asia Minor, where the two of them fight in the Third Mithridatic War under Consul Lucullus -- at least until Julius is killed in an ambush by Archelaus' troops. The game is thus revealed to be an AlternateHistory centered on the question of "What if Caesar died before entering politics, and his role in history was taken up by a different young officer?"
205	[[/folder]]
206
207	[[folder:Visual Novels]]
208	* Caesar is the BigBad in ''VisualNovel/ACourtesanOfRome'', where the PlayerCharacter's goal is to kill him in revenge for destroying her family's tribe on his campaigns.
209	[[/folder]]
210
211	[[folder:Web Original]]
212	* The first episode of the French {{edutainment\|Show}} ConfessionCam parody web-series ''WebVideo/ConfessionsDHistoire'' covers the Gallic Wars and features him. He also naturally appears in the episode about Cleopatra VII and the end of Ptolemaic Egypt.
213	* Goes head-to-head with fellow military genius UsefulNotes/ShakaZulu in ''WebVideo/EpicRapBattlesOfHistory''.
214	[[/folder]]
215
216	[[folder:Western Animation]]
217	* ''WesternAnimation/CloneHigh'': His teen clone shows up pretty regularly as a minor recurring character.
218	* Is depicted as a caricature of Creator/FrankSinatra in ''WesternAnimation/{{Histeria}}''
219	* The seventh episode of ''WesternAnimation/IlEtaitUneFois l'homme'' focuses on his rise to power, his rule, [[DownerEnding and his assassination]].
220	* In the cartoon ''WesternAnimation/TimeSquad'' Julius Caesar is a fat and lazy ruler who almost left Rome in complete shambles. Oh and he also sounded like Louie Anderson.
221	[[/folder]]

Context UsefulNotes / JuliusCaesar