Line #18 Main/FanSub


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5	[[quoteright:350:[[Manga/DeathNote https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/8dfcynd.png]]]]
6	[[caption-width-right:350:[[TooLongDidntDub Translator's note:]] [[RedEyesTakeWarning Red eyes mean you're screwed.]]]]
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8	A Fan Sub is a fan-produced subtitled version of a foreign-language work not yet officially available in the fans' nation of residence. Often of surprisingly high quality considering that they are usually produced and distributed within days of an episode reaching the air. The clarity of the UsefulNotes/{{Laserdisc}} format, which was the most popular video format in Japan, also helped fansubbers create high-quality tapes, along with the Platform/CommodoreAmiga's ability to genlock, or synchronize video timing signals, making it easy to overlay text on the video image on low-cost equipment. Most commonly found for {{Anime}}, Japanese "dorama" (soap operas) and to a lesser extent {{Toku}} - although certain sites allow people to publish subtitles translating works from any country/language to another language.
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10	In the early days of anime fandom, fansubs were a major investment of time and energy for a fan or group of fans, requiring multiple [=VCRs=], special titling equipment and a willingness to do a lot of tape duplication and mailing. The shift to [=DVD=] format plus the advent of sophisticated video editing tools for the PC has all but killed the videotaped fansub distributed by mail, replacing it with the "digisub" distributed as a video file on the Net via [=BitTorrent=] or other file transfer protocols. Digital subtitles have also split into "hardsubs" which are a permanent part of a video being distributed and "softsubs", text files containing the subtitles, the latter typically published separately (with the audience expected to find their own copy of the work being subtitled).
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12	Strictly speaking, fansubs infringe on the intellectual property rights of copyright owners and their license-holders. The justification is largely that they are providing a product simply not available in a country commercially. The official position among most fansubbers is that the production and distribution of a fansub should stop when a licensed version is announced. Often though, this is after the series is completed and the fansub itself spread across the net. Some fansubbers sometimes refuse to drop licensed programs, particularly when those programs are both very popular and long running. It should be noted that licensed or unlicensed status does not alter the actual legality.
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14	In the past, Japanese copyright owners almost never got involved with Western fansubbers, probably due to the time and expense required. However, they are beginning to do so. Some import companies are also willing to overlook fansubs, while others issue cease and desist letters as soon as the deals are signed. Enforcement of copyright is largely left up to the holders to ensure, leaving the decision in the hands of the particular companies involved.
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16	In fact, there's an odd sort of symbiosis between the fansubbers and the importers. Fansubs can be used to gauge interest in potential licences -- a fansubbed series with a major following in the United States is usually an excellent candidate for official licensing and thus potentially a very profitable property. For their part, the fansubbers will encourage fans to buy the official versions. The system appears to work well for both sides; series like ''Anime/RozenMaiden'', ''Anime/{{Simoun}}'' and ''VisualNovel/{{AIR}}'' would certainly not have been licensed without the success of the fansubs.
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18	It used to be said in anime fandom that fansubbers categorically produce better product than the import companies, particularly in regards to the accuracy of translation. The claim is justified by the statement that the fansubbers are doing it out of love of the show, not for profit. In fact, the quality of fansubs can vary ''wildly''. Some fansubs really are as good as a professional translation. A few are arguably better, offering more features including things like "karaoke lyric" subtitles and cultural reference footnoting. However, some fansubs are [[BlindIdiotTranslation/FanSubs bad beyond belief]]. Additionally, many of the "extra features" and technical tricks used in fansubbing can result in subtitles that [[AwesomeYetImpractical emphasize aesthetics over readability.]]
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20	Common problems associated with fansubs include translations trying to be [[SpiceUpTheSubtitles "more interesting/mature"]] and [[InconsistentSpelling name confusion]] between different translations. These can come from parts of Japanese without easy equivalents, or misheard audio. Almost always fansubs will also retain signs of the original, usually Japanese, grammar and linguistic peculiarities. (A character will say "Your opponent today ... is me!" instead of something that would sound more natural in a translation, e.g. "Come on ... let's fight!")
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22	To be sure, some fansubbers exaggerate their effect on the anime community. An example is that the sales of the ''Manga/{{Naruto}}'' manga only went through the roof after its appearance on Creator/CartoonNetwork. And ''Manga/OnePiece'' -- another popular ''Magazine/ShonenJump'' manga that is considered one of the "big three", outselling nearly every other series in Japan -- is not even in the top ten best-selling manga in the US, being surpassed by {{shoujo}}-esque titles such as ''Manga/{{Loveless}}'' and ''Manga/FruitsBasket''. Furthermore, many of the niche titles that were popular as fansubs bombed dramatically when actually released, and Creator/{{Geneon}} in particular was a victim of licensing far too many of these series and overestimating the actual market for them. In fact, of the top-selling anime in the U.S., only major series like ''Manga/{{Naruto}}'' and ''Manga/{{Bleach}}'' have been heavily fansubbed. On the other hand, ''Naruto'' had upwards of 50 different fansub groups all releasing competing translations of the same show prior to being licensed, so there's plenty of evidence for a healthy debate.
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24	Recently, fansubs have become the largest discussion in the anime community. This started around early 2008 when the anime industry began a major recession, with sales going down 20% in 2007 and significantly less anime being licensed year after year. This issue came to the forefront when Creator/{{Geneon}}, one of the largest and oldest anime import companies in North America, went belly-up. This was not helped by {{troll}}s on both sides, nor by the larger issue of [[DigitalPiracyIsEvil piracy]] in general.
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26	"Ethical" fansubbing has also been adversely affected by a growing trend wherein American media companies offer financing to anime productions in exchange for prearranged North American distribution contracts. When such licenses don't result in all-but-simultaneous releases on both sides of the Pacific, they prevent subbers who respect licensing arrangements -- still the majority -- from making available those shows during the years it might take them to reach America through official channels.
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28	In an attempt to curb fansubbing, some Japanese companies have recently begun streaming their shows on the Net almost simultaneously with their local release -- in particular, ''One Piece'' is streamed (or "simulcast") in English only an hour after the Japanese see it by Creator/FUNimation. Of course, due to the [[NoExportForYou streaming rights being region-specific]], America gets the largest amounts of streams, though Platform/{{Crunchyroll}} does have streams with large amounts of regions as well.
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30	And to some extent, simulcasting ''has'' curbed fansubbing, at least in the traditional definition of the term. While some groups decide not to release series that are being simulcast on ethical/moral grounds, others find themselves unable to compete in their own arena. Since webrips of the streams appear online almost instantaneously, groups that produce their own subtitles from scratch are unable to release quickly enough to capture the kind of attention and download numbers they once commanded. As a result, many "old guard" groups have explicitly shut down, reduced their output to almost nothing, or hinted that they won't be in operation much longer. However, this has given rise to "Fansub 2.0" -- the practice of groups that take the official subtitles, modifying the translations to fit their preferences, tweaking other things like the subs' timing/formatting/styles, and distributing them on a new encode. In essence, fansubbers that work without direct communication with their "translators." [[labelnote:example]]Let's take the anime of ''VisualNovel/FateStayNight'' as an example: the first anime adaptation in 2006 had upwards of a dozen groups working on translating it. Fast forward 8 years later, to the 2014 adaptation, and there are only three groups bothering to do fansub work on it.[[/labelnote]]
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32	However, in the last couple years, fansubbing has seen a resurgence due to the recent popularity of [[VirtualYoutuber Virtual Youtubers]]. Usually, streams are either only subtitled in small clips after the fact, or, more often, [[NoExportForYou not at all]]. Subtitled clips of notable moments from said streams will often be posted by fansubbers, or [[AffectionateNickname clippers]] sometimes as short as one or two hours after the stream ends. This has led to a mini-community of clippers, with some developing [[{{Fandom}} fandoms]] separate from those that they clip.
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34	The other place fansubbing remains is in older, all-but-abandoned anime properties. Fan-made subs of obscure 20th-century shows have flourished, helping to create the retro anime fandom.
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36	[[http://lib.tkk.fi/Dipl/2010/urn100297.pdf Some research]] about the subject. [[http://kafkafuura.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/fansubbing/ Kafka-Fuura also gives his thoughts on the subject.]]
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38	See also {{Scanlation}}s for the manga version and FanTranslation for the [[VideogameTropes video game]] version.
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40	[[JustForFun/IThoughtItMeant Is not]] the opposite of {{fandom}}[[note]]The StealthPun is about dom/sub labels.[[/note]].
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Context Main / FanSub