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Equipment Upgrade would apply in those cases, the vehicle being part of your equipment
Equipment-Based Progression comes in if the upgrades are effectively part of your character advancement- Subnautica is a great example of this in a Survival Sandbox, almost to the extent of being a Metroidvania game in the way that each new vehicle or vehicle upgrade lets you delve deeper into the alien ocean or survive in more hostile areas.
It can also get into Design-It-Yourself Equipment if there's enough depth to the customization. One of the major game mechanics in Cataclysm, for instance, is the ability to build vehicles lego-style from whatever parts you can scrounge. (Literally anything from superbikes to mobile bases the size of houses. Last I checked in they were working on trains and aircraft)
Edited by Scorpion451
Is there a trope for when in a videogame, you can upgrade or customize your vehicle? Be it a Cool Car, Cool Plane, Cool Boat, or Cool Starship? Basically Equipment Upgrade but with a vehicle.