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Four-Star Badass has some of the scenario you listed also listed there.
MAX POWER KILL JEEEEEEEEWWWWWIt does, and thanks - but it mostly seems to refer more to a character trait than the one-episode plotline I usually see the scenario above occur in. The 'Da Chief To The Rescue' example given would sort of work, but A) It's not linked as a trope and B) Doesn't cover the flip side (where the boss does not handle working the streets well). An example of the latter would be Will Pope from The Closer, who attempted to do a ride-along as 'just one of the guys' and ended up handing over evidence to a fake cop named Richard Tracy, if you'll pardon a low-quality clip
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Here's something I'm not sure how to find - that time in a cop show when the normally desk-jockeying boss partners up with the detectives and goes out in the field. Usually occurs either because the department is shorthanded and/or This Time It's Personal. Expect lots of bemusement from the subordinates, who are unused to seeing their commander in this role - particularly if a situation comes up where *they* have to give him/her tactical orders. Depending on the boss, they either turn out to be hilariously incompetent, or a force to be reckoned with, hinting at just how much ass they kicked in their own heyday.
Not necessarily just a cop show thing, could overlap with any profession or procedural with the stock administrator character having a chance to show whether or not they've Still Got It.