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All the cases of this happening that I'm familiar with were results of half-assed coding, so it wasn't deliberate and thus the only trope that applies is Good Bad Bugs (assuming Death Is a Slap on the Wrist is in play, ofc).
^ I'm with you. You can see this in, off the top of my head, most (if not all) Final Fantasy and Pokemon entries. If a party member dies/gets knocked out and the battle ends, they don't get experience. That's absolutely deliberate.
I know there aren't examples currently under Experience Penalty, but I don't see why this couldn't qualify. They're being penalized experience for being dead. Seems valid. (That trope also has a very stubby description...)
Edited by BeerBaron

Is that a trope at all?
Experience Penalty doesn't have any such examples, neither does Death Is a Slap on the Wrist?