The other half of the island of Hispaniola and one of the few countries with ‘Republic’ on its colloquial name.
Since Christopher Columbus arrived on the island on 1492, the island has been constantly changing hands between all kinds of power. It started as a Spanish colony until the end of the 18th century, when it became a French colony. After the success of the Haitian Revolution in 1804 drove the French out of western Hispaniola, the French managed to hold onto the eastern part of the island, before the Spanish drove the French out altogether in 1808. The Dominicans experienced a period of relative autonomy, due to the decline of the Spanish Empire after the Napoleonic Wars, before being invaded by neighboring Haiti in 1822. Initially popular, by 1844 the Dominicans became disillusioned by Haitian rule and successfully revolted, but in a curious turn of events, in 1861 they asked Spain to be taken as a colony again. The move was highly unpopular and resulted in a civil war which resulted in the Spanish leaving again. A series of events after that ended with an invasion of the United States in 1916 that lasted until 1922.
If you thought the situation was bad, you can believe things went worse. Rafael Trujillo, generally considered as one of the worst dictators of Latin America, assumed power in 1930, indulging in a cult of personality worthy of Stalin or Saddam Hussein. He stole almost all the money from international aid, ordered the killings of all kinds of opponents and the Haitians living on the Dominican side of the frontier (using a Trust Password to identify them) and also waged other bizarre, crazy acts, like an assassination attempt on the Venezuelan president. He maintained himself and his loyal puppets in power and ensured the country would be ruled with an iron fist. His detractors started to compare him with a rabid dog until the U.S., initially their supporters, got alienated enough to order a CIA plot to kill him in 1961. This was followed by a US invasion and occupation in from 1965 to 1966.
After the Trujillo era, the country still had its time of military government, but now it’s a democracy. However, the constant turmoil of its history has left its marks in the form of corruption, unemployment and problems with the electric distribution network. Also, the relations with Haiti keep being lukewarm at best (the continuing immigration of Haitians doesn’t help either). The country is well-known for its telecommunication system, however.
Don't confuse the country with the (arguably) less well-known Dominica, which is also a sovereign country located in the Caribbean, but is a part of the Lesser Antilles instead of the Greater Antilles in which the DR belong (the former encompasses all those small islands scattered to the north of Venezuela, while the latter includes the "larger" countries including DR, Cuba, Haiti, and the US territory Puerto Rico). It's not helped by the fact that Dominica also has the same cross symbol in its flag, though colored green, or the fact that the demonyms of both countries are "Dominicans" in English.note
The Dominican Republic in fiction:
- The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao
- The Feast of the Goat by Mario Vargas Llosa is set during the late parts of the infamous dictatorship era under Rafael Trujillo's government.
- The book In the Time of the Butterflies is based on the assassination of the Mirabal sisters by Trujillo’s government.
- Carla from Scrubs is Dominican.
- The Serpent and the Rainbow supposedly takes place in Haiti, but the filming was moved to the Dominican Republic.
- The Fast and the Furious series features the country twice in important plot points. The fourth film, Fast & Furious, opens with Dom's gang raiding a truck in the countryside, and the country is also the last place where Dom saw Letty before her apparent death. The seventh film, Furious 7, revisits it again as a safe refuge for Mia and her children while the gang confronts the Big Bad, and later on, it is revealed that sometime before the truck raid in the fourth film, Dom and Letty got married in the country.
- Rumor had it that the titular Jackal of The Day of the Jackal was behind the assassination of Trujillo, but of course no one will ever be sure.
- Killer7 has one of its chapters (namely the fifth, titled Alter Ego) set in Santo Domingo. The Smiths travel to this destination to look for a group of supervillains known as the Handsome Men.
The Dominican flag
, the country's anti-Haitian La Résistance led by three men. Red, blue and white symbolize sacrifice, liberty and salvation, respectively. At the center is the coat-of-arms, depicting a shield in the national colors, before which are six flags flanking The Bible, supposedly opened at John 8:32, which reads "And the truth shall make you free". Supporting the arms are laurel and palm leaves. Above the shield is a scroll with La Trinitaria's keyword "Dios, Patria, Libertad" ("God, Country, Freedom"), and below is the country's name in Spanish.
The Dominican national anthem
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Government
- Unitary presidental republic
- President: Luis Abinader
- Vice President: Raquel Peña de Antuña
Miscellaneous
- Capital and largest city: Santo Domingo
- Population: 10,878,246
- Area: 48,671 km² (18,792 sq mi) (128th)
- Currency: Dominican peso (RD$) (DOP)
- ISO-3166-1 Code: DO
- Country calling code: 1 (area codes 809, 829, and 849)
- Highest point: Pico Duarte (3098 m/10,164 ft) (56th)
- Lowest point: Lake Enriquillo (−45 m/−148 ft) (14th)
