Although referenced vastly less than Shakespeare or Norse Mythology, the author H.P. Lovecraft has received more allusions than any other 20th century author besides possibly Tolkien. This is especially true within the genre of horror fiction, as he was the Trope Codifier for much of modern horror fiction, especially when it involves an Eldritch Abomination or a Cosmic Horror Story. His Cthulhu Mythos has become a fixture of popular culture in the decades since his death.
- Arkham Asylum in Batman is named after Arkham Massachussets.
- Alan Moore is a major fan of Lovecraft and has written several books in homage of his life and work — The Courtyard, Neonomicon, Nemo: Heart of Ice and his Sidelong Glance Biopic, Providence.
- In a more mixed portrayal, the Planetary/The Authority crossover story features an H P Lovecraft who is, predictably, depicted as encountering Mythos entities but also as insanely racist (he believes the eggs of an Eldritch Abomination to be "n***r eggs").
- Atomic Robo: The Shadow From Beyond Time has Lovecraft as a supporting character in an adventure involving a being from Another Dimension. He's mostly played for laughs, with his xenophobia and paranoia frequently resulting in him Comically Missing the Point.
- The John Carpenter movie In the Mouth of Madness is one long HPL homage (also to Stephen King).
- The Ridley Scott film Prometheus drew heavily from At the Mountains of Madness.
- Aquaman (2018) has a distinct Lovecraft vibe, with underwater kingdoms, monstrous fish-people and a legendary giant tentacle creature. Lovecraft's novel The Dunwich Horror appears in the film as well.
- Robert E. Howard was a correspondent of Lovecraft. His Conan mythos shares many elements with the Cthulhu Mythos. He was probably the Ur-Example of a Shout-Out to Lovecraft.
- Robert Bloch, creator of Psycho (or at least the book the film was based on), was one of the "Lovecraft Circle" and cheerfully wrote stories set in the same world as HPL's writing. Lovecraft returned the favor as well.
- Stephen King has acknowledged Lovecraft as an influence and has written numerous pastiches like "Jerusalem's Lot" (different from Salem’s Lot) and using Nyarlathotep as an alias for Randall Flagg.
- Too many authors to name have written pastiches of his work ranging from Brian Lumley to Neil Gaiman. Lovecraft, himself, enjoyed letting people play with his toys.
- Earlier books of the Discworld seriously take parodies of Lovecraft Up to Eleven.
- Diogenes Club series:
- "Sorcerer Conjurer Wizard Witch" mentions an agent of the Diogenes Club being involved in the famous raid on Innsmouth, and "The Big Fish" has a couple of the Club's agents being involved in a follow-up raid on a Deep One colony off the West Coast near Santa Monica.
- In "The Case of the French Spy", the protagonists help a relatively friendly Deep One (in this setting, the Deep Ones are not inherently bad; the ones in Innsmouth and California were devotees of an Apocalypse Cult) escape captivity. The Deep One speaks an unknown language of which the only word transcribed is "f'tagn", which the hero assumes from context to be a swearword.
- Metallica reference the Cthulhu Mythos in a few of their songs, most obviously in "The Thing That Should Not Be" and the title of the instrumental "The Call of Ktulu", but also in a few others.
- The band Blind Idiot God
took their name from Lovecraft's description of Azathoth.
- Herbert West features in Our Fair City.
- Inter Species Wrestling featured a character named Lloyd Cthulowitz, who was created by the Mad Scientist "Dr. Gene Spleissing" and billed from "Miskatonic University." Oh, and he's a lawyer. You can see his "commercial" here.
- During the sequence between The Order of the Neo-Solar Temple (UltraMantis Black and Crossbones) and Animal House (Beef Wellington and Steve "The Turtle" Weiner) during the Tag Team Gauntlet at CHIKARA King of Trios 2009 Night III, March 29, 2009, commentator Leonard F. Chikarason joked that Mantis and Crossbones were channeling "their amateur days at Cthulhu State."
- Warcraft: The Warcraft universe contains the Old Gods. The first hints of them are in Warcraft 3, and they actually start appearing in person in World of Warcraft. These creatures are intended as a Shout-Out to entities in the Cthulhu Mythos. 4 of them have been named in-game so far. C'thun = Cthulhu. Yogg-Saron = Yog-Sothoth. N'Zoth = Zoth-Ommog. Y'shaarj = Shub-Niggurath.
- In the Fallout series, anything related to Dunwich Borers LLC can be expected to consist of strange, occult, Maybe Magic, Maybe Mundane horror.
- Demonbane, being heavily based on the Cthulhu Mythos, contains a huge number of shout-outs to Lovecraft's and other authors' works in the cycle. Some are obvious, others are more subtle.
- In one episode of Scooby-Doo: Mystery Incorporated, Lovecraft is parodied with an author named "H.P. Hatecraft."
