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Parasitic Immortality

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"I told you once that I made more mistakes than any man, woman and child on this planet, and I wasn't exaggerating. I'm... cursed. For thousands of years, I have walked the surface of Remnant, living, dying and reincarnating in the body of a like-minded soul. The Professor Ozpin you all met was not my first form, and clearly wasn't my last. It's... an extraordinarily strenuous process... on everyone involved."
Professor Ozpin, RWBY, "Unforeseen Complications"

Immortality is a complex thing, how is it achieved exactly? Some get reincarnated, some just don't age, and some Just. Won't. Die.

This is none of those tropes, Parasitic Immortality is when one person is existing off the life of someone else. Which involves forcefully taking over another's body and taking over a person's remaining life for villainous characters. However, some actively live alongside their hosts and aid them in a mutualistic manner, and others just exist unnoticed in their host's body.

The one thing that is common among this trope is a person needs to live through new hosts to achieve immortality, however benevolent versions manage to share their host's life in mutual symbiosis.

The results of this type of immortality may be very detrimental to the host. The worse case usually leads to a Death of Personality and a Transformation of the Possessed for the victim; even the most mutualistic examples may still cause a Split-Personality Merge, a Split-Personality Team, or Sharing a Body at best. However, commensal types usually exist unnoticed by the host and don't affect them in any way. In some special cases, users may gain enough skill over the years to eventually even Hijack Cthulhu. However, most of the time, the weakness of this immortality is when someone kills the host before they can jump ship. If the parasitic character in question is an Artificial Intelligence, then their appropriation of a human body, machine, or body of an android may induce a Mind-Reformat Death for the contained consciousness or intelligence.

Sub-Trope of Immortality and Body Surf. See also Familial Body Snatcher for when the host is related. This trope more often than not crosses over with Immortality Immorality and Parasites Are Evil due to its very nature. May result in somehow becoming Trapped in the Host as a form of karma. Compare Heroic Host and Symbiotic Possession. For examples in which the character drains the life or soul to live, see Life Drinker and Your Soul Is Mine!.


Examples:

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    Anime & Manga 
  • Dragon Ball Z: Captain Ginyu's signature move allows him to swap his mind with that of his target. His modus operandi is to mortally wound his current body before replacing it with the one he desires, a strategy he uses first to claim Goku's body and then tries to repeat against Vegeta. He misses the second time, hitting a random frog and becoming trapped in its body for the remainder of his days until he is killed in Tagoma's body during Dragon Ball Super.
  • Fate/kaleid liner PRISMA☆ILLYA: This is how Darius has remained the head of the Ainzworth family. He uses Displacement magecraft to attach his soul to the "next head of the family", and each time he does, something of his personality gets erased. It started with him losing a scar and forgetting an emotionally charged event connected with it, and now there's barely anything left of the original. This has been going on for millennia.
  • Fullmetal Alchemist (2003): Dante and Hohenheim are immortal former lovers who used the Philosopher's Stone to cheat death by jumping into new bodies. Each time that they do this, parts of their souls chip off, causing the new bodies to decay faster and necessitating quicker transfers. Eventually Hohenheim got tired of this existence, opting to use his last life to settle down and raise a family as best he could. Dante had other ideas.
  • Magi: Labyrinth of Magic: Arba has secretly manipulated the rise of the Kou Empire (the manga's equivalent of ancient China) to generate wars, distress, and chaos across the world. In order to keep an eye on the royal family, she created a spell to take over the bodies of certain members of the Imperial family, allowing her to keep so reincarnating in the bodies of its female members, overwriting their personalities. She does this with the current empress, Ren Gyokuen, and after her death, she possesses Ren Hakuei, Gyokuen's daughter. Even when she's forcibly expelled from her body, she tries to take over the body of her son Hakuryu.
  • Naruto: Orochimaru dreams to achieve immortality so that he can learn every existing jutsu in addition to those that will be created in the future. To this end, he creates a technique that transfers his soul into other people's bodies, effectively cheating death by periodically swapping hosts.
  • Yu-Gi-Oh! ARC-V: Yuto, Yugo, and Yuri all die throughout the series, but their spirits manage to live on by inhabiting one of their counterparts' bodies. By the end of the anime, they are all residing within Yuya.

    Comic Books 
  • The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Oliver Haddo, the main villain of Volume III, has done this for centuries to keep himself alive: he brings a disciple/inheritor next to him on his deathbed then switches bodies as the previous one dies a few seconds later. It's finally put to a stop when his plot to create the Anti-Christ fails and said Anti-Christ (Harry Potter) instead kills Haddo's last body and keeps his still-living severed head with him in a cage at Grimauld Place, rendering Haddo unable to transfer to a new host. After the Anti-Christ is dealt with, this severed head is taken away by Mary Poppins as she leaves the scene of the fight.
  • Providence: Robert Black unknowingly encounters several immortals from the Stella Sapiente occult group who keep themselves immortal through various means. The most malicious is the Frenchman Etienne Roulet, who has survived for centuries by doing a swapping bodies with members of his family line, transferring his consciousness into a new body while the original occupant dies in the previous body. He demonstrates the process by swapping minds with Robert, trapping him in the body of 13-year-old Elspeth Wade, while Roulet uses Robert's own body to rape him/her.
  • Transformers (2019): Exarchon earned the "Threefold Spark" sobriquet because whatever mysterious "benefactors" drove him insane and unleashed him on Cybertron also granted him the ability to divide his Spark into three. This allowed him to control three bodies simultaneously, generally by infecting a Cybertronian and snuffing out their own Spark to replace it with his. A Bad Future shows him inhabiting the bodies of Megatron, Shockwave, and Onslaught, and through the story he takes over characters like Ruckus, Flatline, and Deathsaurus, taking over and abandoning bodies as he sees fit. His ultimate goal is discovered to be drilling to the center of Cybertron to infect the Allspark, the source of all Sparks, so he will achieve Complete Immortality. It's also shown to be his greatest weakness: he has an instinctive need to control three bodies at all times, and the combined Autobot-Decepticon army take advantage of this to trap and destroy two-thirds of his Spark (and an Autobot assault team barely manage to destroy his final body before he locates the Allspark).
  • X-Men: The Shadow King has kept himself alive for millennia by possessing different hosts, including the mutants Amahl Farouk, Xuan Cao Manh, and David Haller.

    Fan Works 
  • In the Undertale fandom, there's an Original Character shared by the community known as Fresh. Despite his Totally Radical appearance, he's actually a soulless tentacled parasite that enters any monster big enough to fit him, transforms them into his preferred form (the totally radical skeleton look), and slowly devours the host's soul for nutrition. When the host can no longer support him, Fresh leaves it to dust and moves on to the next soul. This can potentially go on for as long as monsters exist in the multiverse.

    Film — Live-Action 
  • Being John Malkovich: The twist behind the door that leads inside the mind of John Malkovich. The door was discovered by Dr. Lester (a.k.a. Captain Merton), who uses it to take over "vessel bodies" connected to it and live forever by jumping from body to body on each subject's 44th birthday. He ultimately succeeds in possessing Malkovich, and at the end plots to do the same to Malkovich's daughter eventually.
  • Get Out (2017): The Order of the Coagula have managed to achieve immortality through a procedure involving hypnotizing black people, and then transplanting the brains of cult members into their bodies.
  • Horror Express: The unnamed alien terrorizing the titular Orient Express train is revealed to be a formless Energy Being who can leap from lifeform to lifeform, and by the time of the film has already lived for millions of years at the very least. Should its current host be killed and the alien be unable to find a new body to inhabit, it will die, which is ultimately how the protagonists kill it during the ending, by derailing the train off of a cliff, with the alien still inside.
  • The Rise of Skywalker: Palpatine wants to do this by possessing Rey, who turns out to be his granddaughter. Whether he would have been taking over her body or if he would just be living inside her is left unknown.
  • The Skeleton Key: The villains of the film are two black magic practitioners who created a spell that transfers their souls to their victims' bodies and vice-versa. They have been using it for decades, taking over younger hosts whenever their current bodies become too old.
  • X-Men: Apocalypse: Apocalypse was able to live for thousands of years by repeatedly transferring his essence into the bodies of other mutants, allowing him to steal their powers in the process. Eventually achieving true immortality by taking over a man with a Healing Factor, Apocalypse was sealed away by rebels and spent 4000 years in a dormant state before being accidentally reawakened in 1983, after which he sets his sights on Charles Xavier, hoping to absorb his telepathic powers in order to exert influence across the entire globe.

    Literature 
  • Buffyverse: The main villain of Heat is Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of China who has returned as an evil spirit called a "Possessor". Possessors hop from body to body in order to remain in the land of the living but the bodies they possess are drained of heat very quickly.
  • In Dead Eyes by Tais Teng, an ancient Chinese emperor made a deal with a demonic Evil Sorcerer for eternal life. However, ordinary humans cannot be made immortal except by stealing the life force of others, so the sorcerer arranged for the emperor's soul to be placed into a new body whenever the current one died of old age. The plot is kicked off when the most recent transference goes wrong and causes the emperor to be trapped in a conscious host.
  • Diana Tregarde: Fay Harper is a Wicked Witch who keeps herself immortal by body swapping with her daughters before killing them afterwards.
  • The Dresden Files:
    • The Denarians are Fallen Angels who were sealed in silver coins and are unable to act unless the bearer of a coin becomes their Willing Channeler. Some hosts end up effectively trapped inside their own minds while the angel runs rampant, but others, like Nicodemus, form a partnership with the angel and can share in their powers.
    • Corpsetaker is a necromancer who swaps bodies whenever she's near death. In Dead Beat she swaps with Warden Luccio but Harry notices and shoots her in the head, which gives Luccio a younger but less powerful body once she recovers from the wounds she herself had inflicted.
  • Give The Dark My Love: Bennum Wellebourne is a Necromancer who transfers his soul into bodies of the various rulers of The Empire and overwriting their mind with his in order to live forever.
  • Harry Potter: Having been cast out of his original body before the events of the first book, Voldemort had to move his soul from host to host, shortening their lives in the process. It got so bad that they had to drink Unicorn's blood, which curses those who consume it.
  • Heralds of Valdemar: Two thousand years before most of the rest of the series Ma'ar, the Mage of Black Fire pulled a My Death Is Just the Beginning, killing himself and using the energy of his death to catapult himself into a Soul Jar. After that, he waited for an unprotected male of his bloodline to use magic for the first time and possessed him, destroying the mind of the host. This pattern repeated uncounted times over the centuries. The first time, it was Symbiotic Possession and he persuaded his host to let him in by promising teaching and revenge only to turn on him, but afterwards he didn't bother with such niceties. Each life had him subtly return changed, undergoing gradual Villain Decay from a cruel human into a Stupid Evil monster, Deathless and Debauched, due to his soul slowly accumulating damage. His final incarnation, while possibly the strongest mage in the setting at the time, was a shadow of his old self, unable even to quite realize how diminished he had become.
  • The Host (2008): The story features parasitic aliens called "Souls" who survive by taking other sentients as hosts. When the host dies, the Soul is removed and can be placed in a new host.
  • In the Legacy Of Paksennarion books, Dorrin learns that her relatives do this. They mostly do it to child family members but not always.
  • Leech by Hiron Ennes: The Interprovincial Medical Institute is a Hive Minded pathogen that has existed in secret for centuries by infecting new human hosts, subsuming their original personalities in the process. The plot involves it encountering a parasite even more vicious than itself, and losing control of one of its bodies.
  • The Machineries of Empire: Hexarch Nirai Kujen exists as a Virtual Ghost in the Black Cradle and needs a Meat Puppet to act outside it. Unlike the other occupant of the Cradle, he can Body Surf at will and control his host's actions with effort; however, he tends to let the host act on his behalf and at least one host enjoys his company.
  • Malediction Trilogy: Anushka the witch has managed to survive for several hundred years by taking over bodies of her female descendants, generation after generation. It is suggested that the young women's souls were forced out of their bodies in the process, meaning they effectively died.
  • Morgaine Cycle: It is possible to use a Gate to take over another's body, and do so pretty much indefinitely, but it was subsequently shown that the original personality tends to fade after many body swaps and may eventually lose control of the body to the current host.
  • Old Kingdom: Chlorr has terrorized the northern tribes into raising generations of girls to become her hosts, which seems to destroy the original personality. Without a host body, she's stuck as a much weaker spirit, but she can only be truly destroyed by releasing the last human part of her soul from stasis in her original body.
  • Patternist: Doro has the power to jump into the nearest human's body and consume their soul, regardless of distance; he needs to eat at least a few people each year and can't prevent himself from jumping out of an incapacitated or dying body. After living for thousands of years in this manner, he sees humans as nothing more than food and entertainment.
  • In The Story of the Late Mr. Elvesham by H. G. Wells, a young man named Edward Eden meets an extremely old man named Egbert Elvesham who says he wants Eden to be his heir. When Eden agrees, Elvesham tricks him into taking a drug that transfers their minds into each other's bodies. Eden realizes that Elvesham has found a way to gain effective immortality as long as he can find new, young victims. Elvesham tricks Eden into taking a lethal poison, which ties up all the loose ends.
  • Xanth: The Sea Hag was once an ordinary human who lived thousands of years ago. When she died she discovered that her Talent allows her to possess someone's body whenever she dies. She kidnaps a viable, young host when she's nearing the end of her current life and takes them over. Her soul is finally expelled from Xanth in The Dastard, ending her threat for good.

    Live-Action TV 
  • Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Hive, the main villain of season three, survives by killing and possessing human hosts. The cult wing of Hydra would send one of their own as a sacrifice every few decades, sustaining him for thousands of years.
  • Babylon 5: "Exogenesis" introduces the Vindrizi, an ancient species of engineered symbionts that serve as living recorders, preserving knowledge while bonded to hosts who would otherwise have meaningless lives.
  • Crusade: "Appearances and Other Deceits" has an alien entity that survives by transferring itself into other bodies and taking control of the hosts. The body doesn't even need to be alive for the entity to use it.
  • Doctor Who: The Master pulls this off in the serial "The Keeper of Traken" when he possesses the body of a man named Tremas due to being out of regenerations. He does the same thing again in "Doctor Who: The TV Movie" before finally getting a new set of regenerations during the Time War that happened between then and the show's 2005 revival.
  • Lexx: His Divine Shadow inhabits a series of human hosts over the millennia of his reign but each host has a distinct personality and he keeps their brains around as advisers. His original body was a giant insect that hibernated under the surface of his capital planet until the end of the first season when he fed his subjects to it and re-inhabited it.
  • Stargate SG-1: The Goa'uld are worm-like parasites that can live for millennia, they also have sarcophagi that can prolong the lives of their human hosts a similar span but if they don't have access to one (or refuse to, like their Defector from Decadence faction the Tok'ra) they have to change hosts every couple centuries.
  • Star Trek:
    • Star Trek: The Next Generation: In "The Schizoid Man", Dr. Ira Graves effectively does this with Data. Somehow, he transfers his consciousness into Data's body and eventually emerges, replacing Data's mannerisms and personality. He realizes his own strength (from Data) and personality make him a poor fit to continue living, so he transfers himself out of Data's body, and into the Enterprise's computer, where the information of his mind is saved, but his human consciousness and awareness is lost.
    • Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Trill can join with a symbiont species that retains their memories long beyond the Trill's natural lifespan, blending personalities with each successive host. Unlike most examples, the hosts seek this voluntarily and since there's only about 500 symbionts and millions of Trill there's much competition to qualify for one.
    • Star Trek: Voyager: In "Warlord", three individuals are rescued from their ruined and self-destructing ship, but Kes suddenly begins to show signs of abnormal personality. It turns out one of the individuals was a planetary dictator named Tieran who cheated death by finding a way to Body Surf to new individual bodies, replacing their consciousness. He absconds with Kes' body, back to his original home planet, to reinstall himself as the ruler, but unfortunately for him, Kes isn't the Innocent Flower Girl that everyone thought she was; she's fighting back with all her might, and it's taxing Tieran's consciousness. (Even extending a nap that he intended to have only for a few minutes, to 4 hours. Although it's small, it's still a sign that something is seriously wrong for him.)
      Kes: I'll find every little crack in your defenses. You'll feel yourself crumbling from within, your sanity slipping away. I won't stop until you're broken and helpless. There's nowhere you can go to get away from me. I'll be relentless, and merciless, just. like. you!

    Tabletop Games 
  • Call of Cthulhu:
    • Campaign The Fungi from Yuggoth, adventure "Castle Dark". An evil sorcerer named Baron Hauptman has lived for more than 700 years by repeatedly using a spell named Mind Transfer to exchange his personality with those of young men.
    • Supplement Curse of the Chthonians, adventure "The Curse of Chaugnar Faugn". The spell Mind Exchange allows the caster to move their mind to another person's body and vice versa. Once this has been done enough times, the change can be made permanent. If done regularly to persons younger than the caster, it can be used to gain effective immortality.
  • Dungeons & Dragons:
    • Unlike normal liches, Dracoliches can't reform from their Soul Jar when destroyed. As a result, they need to possess the nearby corpse of a dragon or reptilian creature.
    • Grim Hollow: A high-level warlock with the Parasite patron gains the Larval Regeneration ability. If they die, their body spews forth a larval parasite that can burrow into the flesh of other humanoids. While burrowing, the parasite inflicts necrotic damage on the host, and if the host dies from this damage, they become a new PC under the player's control, taking on the original character's personality and warlock powers.
  • GURPS: With the Possession advantage, the only thing stopping you from living forever is being able to find new hosts.
  • Warhammer 40,000: The Slaneeshi champion Lucius the Eternal wears armor covered in the screaming faces of his victims. If anyone ever manages to kill him (and feel any satisfaction at having killed a Champion of Chaos), their body slowly morphs into that of Lucius as he possesses them until the killer is just another face on Lucius' armor.

    Video Games 
  • Detroit: Become Human: One of Connor's endings has him transfer his memories into his pro-human version and thus save the Android Rebellion at the cost of Hank's life.
  • Dragon Age: Origins: Morrigan suspects her mother Flemeth of this, birthing and eventually possessing a series of daughters to maintain her immortality. Should you accept the side quest to kill Flemeth before she can possess Morrigan, Morrigan appears in subsequent games no worse for it, and it is implied that Morrigan had misinterpreted the nature of Flemeth's immortality.
  • ICO: The main villain is an evil queen who wishes to reclaim her youth by taking over her own daughter's body.
  • Resident Evil: Revelations 2: The main villain's research on immortality leads her to believe that the only way to escape death is by imprinting her consciousness into another host. By the end of the game, it's implied that she was successful in her goal, as one of the playable characters starts displaying some of her mannerisms.
  • Star Wars: The Old Republic: In the Sith Inquisitor storyline, Darth Zash plans to do this. The entirety of Act I involves the protagonist acquiring relics for her so she can possess you. Fortunately, your long-lost ancestor warns you before it happens.
  • Street Fighter: M. Bison's "Psycho Power" is too much for his own body, so he starts to seek others to increase his lifespan, even training the "Dolls" (especially Cammy) to be his back-up bodies. Also, canonically M.Bison's body was about to explode during Street Fighter Alpha and has gotten a new one since Street Fighter II. However, the search continues in Street Fighter V where his body suffers the same as before but was finally put down for good by Ryu and friends.
  • Tomb Raider (2013): Queen Himiko survives by transferring her soul into a new host whenever her current body begins to fail her. This process would continue for centuries until the girl chosen to be Himiko's next vessel chose to commit suicide instead of serving as a host for the Sun Queen's spirit leaving her soul trapped inside her current body. By the time the events of the game take place, Himiko has been using Father Mathias and his Solarri Brotherhood to capture young women to determine whether they were worthy of becoming Himiko's new vessel.
  • Warframe: When the Orokin elite grew old, they used a process called Continuity to rejuvenate themselves. This involved torturing children and driving them past the Despair Event Horizon so the Orokin could steal their bodies.
  • Genshin Impact: Changsheng, Dr Baizhu's talking snake companion was once a powerful healing god, however in the present she has lost most of her power and relies on making contracts with humans to stay alive, siphoning off their lifeforce. She's actually benevolent in spite of her parasitism and the Power at a Price nature of her contract.

    Visual Novels 
  • Nasuverse:
    • Fate/stay night: Zouken Matou is the immortal patriarch of Matou family thanks to the use of his own personal magic that lets him transfer his consciousness into his worm-bugs, who in turn eat people in order to stay alive, living more like a mass of critter shaped like a person than as a proper human. He is called a "vampire" by various characters note  and his mental state seems to deteriorate with each new change to stay alive because his "soul" is rotting.
    • Tsukihime: This is how Roa Valdamong achieved immortality: while he was alive in his own body, he magically prepared a number of unrelated individuals across the world as future host bodies, so when his body died, he transferred his consciousness to one of the candidates and repeated the process, thus staying alive for hundreds of years. In the story proper, Ciel is the most recent host whose body inexplicably came back to life after she was killed and Roa had already left it behind. SHIKI Tohno, Akiha's real biological brother, is the current host, to whom Roa's spirit transferred after that.

    Web Animation 

    Webcomics 
  • El Goonish Shive: The aberration Sirleck is a former human wizard who gave up his conscience and other human traits for what is basically immortality. He takes over a human host and then lives as that person. It's not said how many hosts he's already had but when he's introduced, his current host is an old decrepit man (who is implied to already be brain dead) and Sirleck is planning on gaining a new host and setting up ways to pass his fortune on. The way he describes it suggests he has done so before.
  • Space Boy: The Wanderer must possess the body of a human host, or else he will die within nine hours. He is known to have possessed Captain Putnam of the Arno and has attempted but failed to possess Oliver and Amy.

    Web Original 
  • The Adventure Zone: Balance: The Animus Bell grants this ability, allowing the holder to rip someone's soul from their body and take it over. It turns out to have been created by Barry, a necromancer who also lived forever this way, albeit non-maliciously. As a lich, when he dies, his spirit lingers on, and he found a way to clone and recreate his own body over and over again, so every time he dies, he can just grow a new body and, effectively, possess himself. This breaks virtually every arcane law regarding death and mortality, but Barry is a well-meaning person who doesn't want to hurt anybody, and is horrified by the way people have torn each other to shreds to get the Bell.
  • The Magnus Archives: Jonah Magnus takes over the bodies of successive hosts by transferring his eyes into their sockets.
  • SCP Foundation: By using SCP-963, Doctor Bright can transfer his consciousness into a new host body with all his memories. However, this replaces the host's brain waves with those of Dr. Bright. If SCP-963 is not removed in 30 days, it will cause the host to possess an exact duplicate of Dr. Bright's consciousness.

    Western Animation 
  • Batman Beyond: "Out of the Past" features the return of Ra's al Ghul, who was thought to be long dead before the start of the series. After Ra's' body was mortally wounded to the point even the Lazarus Pit was unable to do anything for him, he decided to insert his consciousness into his daughter Talia's mind, which basically killed her and gave Ra's full control of her body. Ra's intends to do the same to Bruce, having come up with a plan to trick the latter into rejuvenating himself using the Lazarus Pit so that Ra's can steal his body and return to Gotham pretending to be the son of Bruce and Talia in order to get control of Bruce's assets. Bruce is so disgusted by Ra's' actions that he's willing to leave him for dead when Ra's' lair explodes and forbids Terry from trying to save him.
    Bruce: Sure, Ra's, why not? Anything to hold off the Grim Reaper another few seconds. I take it back. You don't cheat death; you whimper in fear of it!
  • The Owl House: After being splattered by The Collector and going to the Human Realm, Belos possesses the local animals while he reconstitutes himself, though this quickly kills them and nearly does the same to Hunter. Upon returning to the Demon Realm without a host, he rapidly deteriorates until he can barely move, forcing him to possess a failed Grimwalker. Belos later takes over and impersonates a transformed Raine, with their puppet body being immune to decay.
  • She-Ra and the Princesses of Power: Horde Prime is a Narcissist whose army consists of his own clones. He also uses them to Body Surf to prolong his life. But this procedure is flawed: he must retain his old bodies to take access to memories from the time he occupied them because he forgot most of his past life.
  • South Park: In "Pip", Miss Havisham tries to use her Genesis Machine to transplant her consciousness into her daughter Estella's body to prolong her life. Her plot is foiled when Pip convinces Estella she has a heart and gets her to leave the Genesis Machine while it's working. This causes the machine to explode, killing Miss Havisham.

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