
Universal Music Group (UMG) is the largest music label in the world. Along with Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Music Group, it makes up part of the "Big Three" of major music conglomerates.
The group can trace its origins back to 1934, with the foundation of Decca Records' American branch. Decca purchased Universal in 1952, before merging with MCA a decade later.
After MCA was purchased by Matsushita Electronics and then Seagram in 1996, it was renamed Universal Studios Inc., while its music division was reorganized as Universal Music Group, after merging with PolyGram.
In 2004, UMG's relationship with the larger Universal ended after the latter was acquired by General Electric and merged with NBC. In 2006, ownership of the label passed to Vivendi, who maintained a minority stake in NBCUniversal until its sale to Comcast in 2011 (UMG continues to operate under the Universal name under license from its former sister studio). Vivendi sold off the majority of it's UMG shares to the public stock market in 2021, effectively ending Vivendi's ties to Universal for good, though it still has a 10% stake alongside other investors. With the demise of EMI in 2011, UMG absorbed the defunct company's recording division and American roster. EMI's British and most of their European divisions were reorganized into Parlophone Records, now owned by Warner Music Group (although UMG was allowed to keep The Beatles' recordings, which were considered EMI's crown jewel).
In 2008, a fire broke out at Universal Studios Hollywood that lasted 12 hours, damaging much of the area in the process— including the warehouse where Universal Music Group kept a good chunk of their artists' master recordings. While the damage was heavily downplayed in official press releases from Universal, a 2019 article from the New York Times revealed that the fire had actually destroyed up to 175,000 master recordings from UMG-owned artists throughout the history of recorded music itself, from classic acts such as Chuck Berry and Buddy Holly to newer stars like R.E.M. and Nirvana. A full list of artists whose masters were lost can be found on the Wikipedia article for the 2008 fire. While a good deal of the lost recordings were digitized beforehand, many others are most likely lost forever, and even in the digitized tapes' cases, the loss of the master recordings themselves has nixed any hopes for new remasters.
Universal also owns a major publisher, Universal Music Publishing Group (UMPG), which was built from PolyGram, Criterion, MCA, Zomba (outside Europe), Rondor (Almo/Irving), and the old BMG publishers.
In the world of fandom, UMG have a notorious reputation for zealously defending the company's copyrights; many YouTube videos have been removed or altered for using UMG-owned songs.
Labels owned/distributed by UMG:
- Big Machine Records (distribution)
- Capitol Music Group
- Capitol Records
- EMI Records (the revival from 2020 onwards; UMG also owns the rights to most assets that the original incarnation of EMI owned before its dissolution)
- Harvest Records (the revival from 2013 onwards; Parlophone owns its original catalog)
- Liberty Records (defunct)
- Motown
- Chrysalis Records (UMG has the rights to most of its US catalog through its acquisition of Capitol)
- Decca Records
- Def Jam Recordings
- EMI (2020 revival)
- Hollywood Records (distribution)
- Interscope Geffen A&M
- A&M Records (defunct)
- Interscope Records
- DreamWorks Records (defunct)
- Geffen Records
- Island Records
- I.R.S. Records (defunct)
- MCA Records
- ABC Records (defunct; absorbed by MCA in 1979)
- Dunhill Records (defunct; absorbed by ABC in 1975, inherited by MCA, catalog administrated by Geffen)
- Uptown Records (defunct)
- NOW That's What I Call Music!
- Polydor Records
- MGM Records (defunct)
- Republic Records
- Universal Music UK
- Walt Disney Records (distribution)
- Virgin Records
- Charisma Records (defunct)
- Varèse Sarabande (distribution)
- Verve Label Group
- Decca Records (in its current incarnation)
- Impulse! Records
- Verve Records
- Verve Forecast
Artists and songwriters whose copyrights are with Universal Music Publishing Group:
- 3 Doors Down
- Thirty Seconds to Mars (outside Europe)
- A-Teens
- ABBA
- Ace of Base
- Bryan Adams
- Adele
- Afroman
- The All-American Rejects
- Alphaville
- Lily Allen
- Vanessa Amorosi
- Anastacia
- Erykah Badu
- J Balvin
- The Beach Boys
- Beastie Boys
- The Bee Gees
- Irving Berlin
- Leonard Bernstein
- Justin Bieber
- Big Sean
- Mary J. Blige
- blink-182
- Bo B
- Chris Brown
- Mori Calliope (of hololive)
- The Cardigans
- Childish Gambino (back catalogue)
- Ciara
- The Clash
- Coldplay
- J. Cole
- Sean Combs
- The Cure
- Miley Cyrus
- Dave Matthews Band
- Alexandre Desplat
- DHX Media
- Dire Straits
- Disney (international except Japan/Australia)
- Bob Dylan
- Billie Eilish
- Idris Elba
- Danny Elfman
- Eminem
- Gloria Estefan
- Eurythmics
- Agnetha Fältskog
- Fatboy Slim
- Fleetwood Mac
- Florence + the Machine
- Gary Glitter
- Selena Gomez
- Ariana Grande
- Guns N' Roses
- Halsey
- Jimi Hendrix
- Sam Hunt
- Imagine Dragons
- Inna
- Carly Rae Jepsen
- Billy Joel
- Elton John
- Joe Jonas
- Nick Jonas
- Wynonna Judd
- Alicia Keys
- The Killers
- KISS
- R. Kelly (outside Europe; contract terminated in 2018)
- Zara Larsson
- Avril Lavigne
- The Lightning Seeds
- Linkin Park (back catalogue outside of Europe)
- Lola Indigo
- Demi Lovato
- Clara Luciani
- Lynyrd Skynyrd
- Yngwie Malmsteen
- Maroon 5 (promoted from BMG)
- The Mars Volta
- Shawn Mendes
- Metallica (international except Japan)
- Nicki Minaj
- The Moody Blues
- Mumford & Sons
- Nas
- Ne-Yo
- New Order
- Owl City
- Pearl Jamnote
- Elvis Presley
- Prince
- The Rasmus
- Rata Blanca
- Red Hot Chili Peppers (international except Japan/Australia)
- The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus
- R.E.M.
- Lionel Richie
- Roxette
- Sandy & Junior
- The Saturdays
- Nicole Scherzinger
- Jill Scott
- Travis Scott
- Tupac Shakur
- Carly Simon
- Sonique
- Britney Spears (outside Europe)
- Sting
- Harry Styles
- Styx
- Subwoolfer
- Taylor Swift
- SZA
- t.A.T.u.
- T-Pain
- Tiësto
- Justin Timberlake (outside Europe)
- Tix
- Tokio Hotel
- The Tragically Hip
- Tarja Turunen
- Shania Twain
- U2
- Keith Urban
- Vanilla Ice
- Verdena
- Franco De Vitanote
- Volbeat
- Warner Bros.note
- Andrew W.K.
- Westlife
- Jack White
- Wolfmother
- Wu-Tang Clan
- The xx
- Ylvis
- Zedd
- Zucchero