Line #7 UsefulNotes/Portugal


1	[[quoteright:325:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/Portugal-map_63.gif]]
2	[[caption-width-right:325:You know, that ''other'' Iberian country.]]
3
4	Portugal ('''Portuguese:''' ''Portugal''), officially known as the Portuguese Republic ('''Portuguese:''' ''República Portuguesa'') is a small Southern European country located at the western edge of Europe, specifically, the Iberian Peninsula. The Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point of the Eurasian landmass, is to be found in Portugal. It is home to 10 million people that, like its neighbor, UsefulNotes/{{Spain}}, are descended from mixtures of Celtic, Roman, Visigothic, and Moorish/Arab peoples. The people speak [[UsefulNotes/PortugueseLanguage Portuguese]], which is related to but distinct from Spanish. The language has a total of 215 million native speakers, mostly thanks to UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}}.
5
6	It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south, while Spain borders it to its north and east. Being much larger, Spain historically had been the dominant player in Iberia (indeed, Portugal's identity as an independent country only started in 1128, when the kingdom was split from the Kingdom of León, which would become one of Spain's predecessor kingdoms) and had threatened Portugal with annexations[[note]]the most recent one being in the 1970s when Spain's dictator Francisco Franco was in his final years of rule[[/note]] or forced it into uneven unions for centuries, though relations between the countries are nowadays cordial, barring the minor spat of the territory of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivenza Olivenza]], ''de jure'' owned by Portugal but administered by Spain. Portugal and Spain also hold the distinction of having one of the oldest borders in the world; theirs have not changed at all since the 1297 Treaty of Alcañices.
7
8	Aside from the Iberian territory, Portugal also controls Azores and Madeira, a pair of island chains in the North Atlantic Ocean (Azores is smack-dab in the middle of the ocean, while Madeira is close to the coast of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}}). They were first settled by humans when the Portuguese discovered them, so they are considered just as Portuguese as the mainland.[[note]]There is some evidence that the islands were settled or at least used by Norse sailors prior to that, but they were long gone by the time the Portuguese first showed up.[[/note]]
9
10	Portugal was the pioneer of the Age of Exploration and had once colonized areas as far as UsefulNotes/TimorLeste, but no doubt its greatest achievement was Brazil, its largest and most treasured former colony. In fact, Brazil was so important that the Portuguese monarchy actually once ''moved'' to Brazil when it became clear that the situation in the mainland [[UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars wasn't going well,]][[note]]This was the first and one of the very few times a European monarch even ''visited'' an overseas colony. UsefulNotes/FerdinandVII of Spain apparently intended to do the same with his own territories right after when Napoleon turned on him, but he was caught first.[[/note]] and when Brazil got its independence, Portugal's light in the international world permanently dimmed.[[note]] The fact that King Pedro IV abdicated the Portuguese throne so that he could continue being Emperor Pedro I of Brazil speaks volumes about how Porgugal's prestige had been eclipsed by its own former colony. Though ironically, Pedro was later forced by scandal to abdicate the Brazilian throne as well, and returned to liberate Portugal from [[TheUsurper his despotic younger brother Miguel who had usurped the throne from his daughter Maria II]]. While Pedro died of [[IncurableCoughOfDeath tuberculosis]] and thus didn't see his side's victory, his efforts helped restore Maria to power.[[/note]] Still, other colonies were vigorously maintained to the modern period as such that Portugal was the last of the European Empires to liberate its colonies; Portugal ceding UsefulNotes/{{Macau}} to UsefulNotes/{{China}} in 1999 was seen by some as the true end of the European colonization era.
11
12	[[folder: History]]
13	Portugal's independence from the kingdom of Leon started in 24 of June 1128, when [[WarriorPrince D. Afonso Henriques]] (the D. is for ''Dom'' or ''Don'') revolted against his mother and her lover, a Galician count, and won the Battle of S. Mamede. 11 years and a month later, he declared Portugal an independent kingdom, although it was only recognized as such by the Leonese in 1143 and by the Pope in 1179 [[note]]You can read the respective papal bull [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifestis_Probatum here]][[/note]].
14
15	From then on he proceeded to conquer territories against the Moors, being such a badass that he conquered almost all of everything that is recognized today as Portugal (with the exception of Algarve and the islands of Azores and Madeira).
16	The process of Reconquista ended for Portugal in 1249 when Faro and Silves (and the rest of Algarve) was retaken/conquered from the Moors by Afonso III.
17
18	In probably the best example of a real life BindingAncientTreaty, Portugal and the UK have been allied since the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373 (or the Windsor Treaty of 1386, depends on who you ask), the oldest alliance that's still in force. This treaty would [[ChekhovsGunman become rather important throughout many crises]] in Portugal's history.
19
20	It was generally peaceful for a few years (apart from the occasional intrigue regarding political issues in the Peninsula), until 1383, when, after [[JerkassWoobie D. Ferdinand I]] died, it originated a SuccessionCrisis in which his wife, Leonor Teles, his son-in-law, D. John I of Castile, and his half-brother [[HeroicBastard D. João, Master of Aviz]] took part, and which concluded with D. João winning the rights to become a king, after organizing the defense of Lisbon against the Castilian king and receiving the help of a jurist, João das Regras, and the [[RedBaron "Saint Constable"]], [[CelibateHero Nuno Álvares Pereira]]. The latter had won two battles against the Castilians during this Interregnum. Such "new" independence was secured by the army of said Nuno Álvares and D. John I, along with some help from English bowmen, in the Battle of Aljubarrota (think a mixture of too much young blood on the Castilian side, a bunch of traps carefully deployed and a great defense and you have an amazing CurbStompBattle).
21
22	After this war, some of the sons of D. João I (in particular, one Henry [[TheNavigator the Navigator]]) began looking towards expanding their territories and commerce (since a lot of men became unemployed after the war), and so they started what is known as the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Discovery Age of Discovery]]. After conquering Ceuta in 1415, they discovered Madeira and the Azores a few years later and they started exploring the African coast.
23
24	They achieved greater rights and privileges after the fall of Constantinople in order to reestablish the commercial trades with the East from a [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanus_Pontifex papal bull]]. It was at this time that they made the iconic caravel, which would become a staple of many voyages during this period.
25
26	The big breakthrough happened when Bartolomeu Dias rounded the southernmost tip of Africa, who named it the ''Cabo das Tormentas'' ("Cape of Storms"), proving that the Indian Ocean was accessible from the Atlantic. The king, D. John II, renamed it as ''Cabo da Boa Esperança'' ("Cape of Good Hope").
27
28	However, Columbus' discovery of the Americas (which he thought was "the Indies" (East and South Asia) caused a diplomatic incident due to a conflict between their areas of inluence established by the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Alc%C3%A1%C3%A7ovas treaty of Alcáçovas]], thereby leading to a redesign of said speheres (which became vertical, that is, from pole to pole, rather than horizontal), with the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas treaty of Tordesillas]], in 1494.
29
30	About 4 years later, one the most memorable journeys in world navigation history reached its destination. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama Vasco da Gama]], leading 4 ships, left Lisbon in 1497 and, a year later, after reaching the eastern coast of Africa (landing in Mombassa, a hostile port, and Malindi, a friendlier port which was a rival to Mombassa), they arrived to UsefulNotes/{{India}}. Such news made such an impact that, years later, a writer named Luís de Camões wrote the Portuguese epic ''Os Lusíadas'', in which the main plot was centered around said journey. Even today said journey is taught regarding world history in many countries worldwide (though it pales a bit when compared to Magellan's circumnavigation, the Spanish expedition oriented by said Portuguese man).
31
32	From here on, it started to form an Empire. Portugal became one of the naval empires (or, in fact, the first naval-based world power), leading to colonies in Africa (UsefulNotes/{{Angola}}, UsefulNotes/CapeVerde, UsefulNotes/GuineaBissau, UsefulNotes/{{Mozambique}}, São Tomé and Príncipe), Asia (UsefulNotes/TimorLeste, UsefulNotes/{{Macau}}, UsefulNotes/{{Bahrain}}, UsefulNotes/SriLanka, UsefulNotes/{{Malaysia}}, UsefulNotes/{{Maldives}} and some cities/towns of UsefulNotes/{{India}} like Mumbai, Goa, Damão and Diu) and America (UsefulNotes/{{Brazil}} - [[TheCapitalOfBrazilIsBuenosAires not that everyone remembers it wasn't a Spanish colony]]). However, in some of these lands there was never a proper settling.
33
34	All was not rosy, then. The reason for this very widespread control without settling was because Portugal was something of a GlassCannon of great powers in the Age of Exploration. It possessed expansive colonies and shipping power but a painfully small population and an equivalently small and somewhat less than fully equipped or militarily trained (by Western standards) army. Colonization to consolidate these holdings would be out of the question for centuries, and conflicts with other nations hindered chances of expansion comparable to Spain and England. On top of this, the debts of the Portuguese empire made most money that came from the colonies to be redirected into British pockets. Finally, the Portuguese were involved in an increasingly ugly ForeverWar on two fronts against a parade of Muslim powers in Morocco and the Indian Ocean over trying to conquer the former and obtain a monopoly on the Spice Trade and dominance of the Indian Ocean in the latter. Both of these forced the Portuguese to fight increasingly numerous enemies on increasingly far-flung fronts with a dwindling stock of manpower and emptier coffers, while the latter in particular alienated the Netherlands, France, and their old English allies.
35
36	The final straw that broke the camel's back happened when a young [[LeeroyJenkins King Sebastian]] immersed himself in a Moroccan dynastic dispute as an excuse to play crusader and seize more Moroccan territory. Unfortunately for Portugal, he ran right into a vastly larger and better prepared Moroccan army who promptly killed him[[note]]although he may [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastianism return someday]][[/note]] and killed or captured the rest of his army. This broke Portugal's tenuous demographic balance, and after the reign of a Cardinal put on the throne to try and stave off the inevitable and pay off the crippling ransoms the Moroccans demanded, the Spanish King UsefulNotes/PhilipII decided to enforce his claims to the Portuguese throne. The Portuguese and their Western Allies nominated an alternative candidate, but the Spanish came in and curbstomped the multi-national army. The result was a [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Union loss of independence to Spain]] for 60 years, during which time things got even worse.
37
38	Like Spain, Portugal was employed as a tentacle of the [[UsefulNotes/TheSoundOfMartialMusic House of Habsburg]], but the Habsburgs already had two empires and, despite Philip's initial attempts, they couldn't really handle the addition of a third. The result was that they alternated between neglecting Portugal and using it as CannonFodder and their previous empire as bargaining chips in perpetual wars against the House of Habsburg's enemies. Unfortunately, the Habsburg's main enemies at the time were Portugal's traditional allies, which meant [[UsefulNotes/TheDutchPortugueseWar war with the Dutch]], the English, and the French. This weakness and the resulting conflicts regarding many colonies led to a loss of plenty of territories and/or regions, as well as economic and trading ground.
39
40	All of this, combined with the ever-growingly expensive taxes that the Portuguese merchants suffered and the loss of representation by the nobility at the ''Cortes'' (assembly of representatives of socio-economical classes), led to Portugal regaining independence in 1640, in the finest timing possible [[note]]It happened alongside the Thirty Years War and a popular Catalonian revolt, and durign the reign of the incompetent king Philip III[[/note]]. The ensuing [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War Restoration War]] lasted 28 years, after which relations were again normalized with England and France. Regarding the latter, an alliance was established (which wouldn't last long), while in the case of the former, a marriage was established between UsefulNotes/CharlesII and [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza Catarina de Bragança]]. She's also the person usually credited with introducing (or, at least, popularizing) the custom of drinking tea in Britain, which is something almost every Portuguese person likes to point out since it's a point of pride, especially, of course, when they encounter an English person.
41
42	After UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte's troops (led in three invasions by Junot, Soult and Massena, respectively) invaded in 1808, D. João VI and the Royal Family fled to Brazil, which then became headquarters of the Empire. They only returned after a revolt in the mainland in 1820, and two years later the prince-regent left behind his son, Pedro, who declared the Brazilian independence.[[note]]Though after D. João died he returned to his birthplace, leading Pedro I of Brazil to become Pedro IV of Portugal.[[/note]] This marked the first step for Portugal's decline into a VestigialEmpire, even if the other main colonies remained under their reign until the late 20th century.
43
44	The French troops were driven out with the help of Wellington's troops. Many English (whether they fought here or not) would establish themselves here (though there were already quite a few here, courtesy of the marriage between D. John I and Philippa of Lancaster in the 14th century), leading to an increase in export of one of the most famous Portuguese products, the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_wine Port wine]] (the popularity and export of Port wine to England started after the Methuen Treaty, signed in 1703). The continued English involvement in the Port wine trade can be seen in the names of many port shippers: Cockburn, Croft, Dow, Gould, Graham, Osborne, Offley, Sandeman, Taylor and Warre being amongst the best known.
45
46	After Brazil's independence, said independence caused a [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Wars civil war between liberalists and absolutists]], which were won by the former, restoring Maria II's place in the throne. Some confrontations between opposing constitutional groups (namely, the ''Setembristas'' ("Septembrists") and the ''Cartistas'' ("Chartists") ensued in the following years, which also caused popular revolts such as the ''Maria da Fonte'' revolution, which opposed the Chartist government.
47
48	A period of regeneration followed, which marked the period of rotativism, where the Regenerator Party and the Historic Party pretty much, well...rotated in the government. Still, this rotativism was InNameOnly, as there was still political conflicts which led to worse economical and financial difficulties (which had pretty much started after Brazil's independence).
49
50	In the late 19th century, the monarchy started to see its power undermined. Despite some slow progress being made, there was still too much control by the nobility. Also, the almost unsustainable agricultural and industrial problems (which still exist today, albeit to a lesser degree) caused the people to become discontent. The problem that caused the first point of no return was, however, the British Ultimatum.
51
52	In 1885, Portugal had prepared a document, as well as expeditions, to claim sovereignity over a land corridor between Angola and Mozambique (which comprised most of modern UsefulNotes/{{Malawi}}, UsefulNotes/{{Zambia}} and UsefulNotes/{{Zimbabwe}}). However, there was an issue: unless there was effective occupation, the British would roll in and colonize it regardless, especially considering their plans to elaborate a route that would go "from the Cape to Cairo". 5 years later, the British Ultimatum was sent (being the only time that the Treaty of Windsor was breached), and the Portuguese had to abandon their claims. There was not enough manpower to claim such a vast area[[note]]though some parts were successfully claimed, like the Mozambican province of Sofala[[/note]], and historical discoveries and scientific interests mattered not in that time and place. The consequence of this was a rise in Republicanist attitudes[[note]]The Portuguese Republican Party was founded in 1876[[/note]].
53
54	In 1908, king Carlos I (who had accepted the Ultimatum) [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon_Regicide was shot alongside his heir]], which caused anger throughout the states and kingdoms of Europe, due to his popularity. The new king, Manuel II, couldn't really stop the increasing Republican movements, and so, [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution on October the 5th of 1910]], the monarchy was abolished and the Portuguese Republic was established (and, with it, the flag that can be seen at the bottom of this page, the national hymn, and the bust of the Republic). A Constitution was approved in the following year, inaugurating a parliamentary regime with reduced presidential powers and two chambers of parliament.
55
56	Being a young republic at a time when most European nations were monarchies[[note]]the model adopted by this republic was that of the French Republic[[/note]], fractures ensued almost immediately, notably among the essentially monarchist rural population, in the trade unions, and in the Church (who was against the hostile approach to the issue of church and state separation). There were also some political confrontations among the parties, which were sometimes violent. At the same time, there was a need to rebalance the budget, something which was finally achieved in 1914.
57
58	And then UsefulNotes/WorldWarI happened.
59
60	Portugal joined their allies Britain and France (the latter due to cultural and republican reasons) in order to put an end to the twin threats of a Spanish invasion of Portugal and of foreign occupation of the colonies and, at the internal level, to create a national consensus around the regime. Portugal fought in the African front against German general Lettow-Vorbeck (said confrontantions between Portugal and Germany were happening before Portugal declared war on Germany), though they suffered defeats constantly, due to the aforementioned lack of manpower and industrial power. On the Western front, Portuguese troops were basically sent to die in the trenches, even after hearing about the battles of Verdun and Somme. It's also noteworthy that these troops were underfed, underequipped and with lack of substantial training. All of this was done in order to get a place at the negotiating table after the War, at the cost of great discontent, which led to two short-term military dictatorships led by generals Pimenta de Castro and Sidónio Pais (the latter was assassinated). Approximately 7,000 Portuguese troops died during the course of World War I, including Africans serving in its armed forces. Civilian deaths exceeded the prewar level by 220,000, 82,000 caused by food shortages and 138,000 by UsefulNotes/TheSpanishFlu.
61
62	After the war, the relative failure of Portugal in ensuring a decent share of compensations and payments from Germany, an economy almost in tatters and a constant level of strikes, malnutrition and permanent political instability[[note]]in a period of 16 years (1910–1926) Portugal had 8 Presidents of the Republic, 1 Provisional Government, 38(!) Prime Ministers and 1 Constitutional Junta[[/note]], culminated into a military coup d'état led by General Gomes da Costa on May 28th, 1926. During the next 6 years, a man rose to the occasion, with a few setbacks here and there, became the Minister of Finance and proceeded to rebalance the economy and internal spending: [[UsefulNotes/AntonioDeOliveiraSalazar António de Oliveira Salazar]].[[note]]Yes, [[Literature/HarryPotter Salazar Slytherin]] was named after him[[/note]]. In 1932 Salazar effectively became a dictator, much like his neighbour UsefulNotes/FranciscoFranco in Spain, though less bloody. Just like his Spanish counterpart Salazar kept his country neutral during World War II, trading extensively with both sides.[[note]]In particular, Portugal was one of the world's main suppliers of tungsten, which was essential for armor-piercing tank shells. Germany in particular was ''completely'' dependent on Portuguese tungsten for this purpose, while Britain and the United States were also heavily reliant. Given that some of the German payments for the tungsten turned out to be [[CounterfeitCash counterfeit]], Salazar required that all payments going forward be in gold.[[/note]] After the war Portugal kept under his conservative and oppressive rule until 1968, when Salazar had a brain hemorrhage and was succeeded by Marcello Caetano. Two years later Salazar died, mentally in such bad shape that he wasn't aware of the power change.
63
64	In 1974 Portugal finally managed to become a democratic nation again. The Carnation Revolution was a bloodless coup, encouraged by the song ''Grandola Vila Morena'' by protest singer José ''Zeca'' Afonso playing on all radios in the country as a signal that the revolution had started. Caetano was forced to flee and died in 1980 in Brazil. In 1975 right wing general António de Spínola tried to turn back the clock by committing a military coup, but failed and had to flee as well. That same year colonies Angola and Mozambique became independent.
65
66	Since then the Portuguese Republic (''República Portuguesa'') is a democratic state, a member of UsefulNotes/TheEuropeanUnion since 1986 and has been a founding member of UsefulNotes/{{NATO}} since 1949. EU membership brought a great deal of investment into the country, particularly modernizing and mechanizing the country's agricultural production and indirectly causing a housing boom. The abundance of housing and relatively recent advancement to fully developed status has made Portugal something of a tourist's paradise--a place that is at once clean and safe to visit (thanks to the development level), with great food, beautiful terrain, and decent weather (because it's Portugal), all at amazingly good prices (because the recency of the development meant costs started low and the abundance of housing keeps them that way).
67	[[/folder]]
68
69	[[index]]
70	'''Relevant Pages'''
71	* UsefulNotes/PortugueseLanguage
72	* UsefulNotes/PortugueseMenOfWar
73	* PortugueseMedia
74	* UsefulNotes/LusitanianWars
75	* UsefulNotes/SpanishReconquista
76	* UsefulNotes/ConquestOfPortugueseIndia
77	* UsefulNotes/SchoolOfSalamanca[[note]]Some of its members had connections with the University of Coimbra[[/note]]
78	* UsefulNotes/TheWarOfTheSpanishArmada
79
80	'''Autonomous regions'''
81	* UsefulNotes/{{Azores}}
82	* UsefulNotes/{{Madeira}}
83
84	'''Cities'''
85	* UsefulNotes/{{Lisbon}}
86
87	'''People'''
88	* UsefulNotes/FerdinandMagellan
89	[[/index]]
90
91	'''Famous Portuguese'''
92	* Many famous discoverers / conquerors, like Henry the Navigator, Afonso de Albuquerque, Pedro Álvares Cabral, Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama and Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães).
93	* Writers like Gil Vicente, Luís de Camões, Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queirós, Fernando Pessoa and the Nobel Prize winner Creator/JoseSaramago.
94	* Film director Creator/ManoelDeOliveira, who was, during a certain period of time, the oldest active film director in the world (born in December 1908).
95	* Film director Pedro Costa, known for his movies ''In Vanda's Room'' and ''Colossal Youth''.
96	* Pedro Julião (often confused with Pedro Hispano), who became [[UsefulNotes/ThePope Pope John XXI]][[note]]He deliberately skipped the number XX[[/note]]. His reign lasted less than a year.
97	** While not being Portuguese, Pope Damasus I was born in Lusitania, which is an ancestor land to Portugal.
98	* António Egas Moniz, who received the Nobel Medicine Prize in 1949 for developing the now-condemned surgical procedure of "lobotomy" (more properly called leucotomy). He also developed cerebral angiography (used in some places to confirm brain death, and also to detect brain anomalies) and invented thorotrast, a radiocontrast agent, for use in the procedure.
99	* Actress Creator/DanielaRuah, known in the US for her role as [[FairCop Kensi]] [[MsFanservice Blye]] in ''Series/NCISLosAngeles''.
100	* Actress Maria de Medeiros, aka Fabienne from ''Film/PulpFiction''.
101	* Actor Creator/JoaquimDeAlmeida.
102	* Actress Lúcia Moniz in ''Film/LoveActually''.
103	* Actress Rita Blanco has a small role in Creator/MichaelHaneke's ''Amour''.
104	* Football players like Eusébio, Luís Figo, Rui Costa, and, more recently, Cristiano Ronaldo, Pepe, Raúl Meireles, João Moutinho and João Felix. Not to mention football manager José Mourinho, aka "The Special One".
105	* Painters Almada Negreiros and Paula Rego.
106	* Fado (the Portuguese musical genre) singers Amália Rodrigues, Alfredo Marceneiro, Carlos do Carmo, Mariza, Camané and Ana Moura, among others. In terms of guitarrists, Carlos Paredes is the one who had a significant overseas career.
107	* Ana da Silva, who formed with Gina Birch the PostPunk band The Raincoats.
108	* Dead Combo, a music duo who appeared on ''Series/NoReservations''. Other famous alternative groups include Mão Morta, Blasted Mechanism and Buraka Som Sistema (the latter were pioneers in bringing ''kuduro'' music to an international audience).
109	* Creator/DanielaMelchior, known to international audiences as Ratcatcher 2 in ''Film/TheSuicideSquad''.
110	* Creator/FilipeMelo, creator of the ''ComicBook/AsIncriveisAventurasDeDogMendoncaEPizzaboy'' comic book.
111	* José Manuel Barroso, 11th President of the [[UsefulNotes/EuropeanUnion European Commission]] (also a former Prime Minister).
112	* Music/SalvadorSobral, singer and Portugal's very first Series/EurovisionSongContest winner in 2017.
113	* António Guterres, former prime minister of Portugal and ninth and current Secretary-General of the UsefulNotes/UnitedNations.
114	[[/index]]
115
116	'''Portugal in fiction'''
117	* Portugal in ''Webcomic/HetaliaAxisPowers'' is (or at least seems to be) a laidback guy with a ponytail and a beauty mark who is also one of the few who can embarass Spain, since he knows many foolish stories about Spain, much to the chagrin of Romano.
118	* The maid of the author in ''Film/LoveActually'' is Portuguese, and he also visits Portugal later in the movie.
119	* A good chunk of ''Literature/{{Sharpe}}'' takes place in Portugal.
120	* ''Series/DinosaurRevolution'''s second episode happens where now is the Lourinhã Formation.
121	* ''Series/DepoisDoAdeus'' is a PeriodPiece about the period after the CarnationRevolution.
122	* The beginning of ''Film/OnHerMajestysSecretService'' is set in Portugal. The marriage also happens there.
123	* In ''Film/TheManWithTheGoldenGun'', Bond goes to Macau (it was part of Portugal then). Mr. Lazar (who is threatened by Bond) is Portuguese.
124	* ''ComicBook/AsIncriveisAventurasDeDogMendoncaEPizzaboy'' happens in the night streets of Lisbon.
125	* Most Brazilian fiction dealing with the colonial period. Most popularly, the D. João VI reign, that led to the country's independence.
126	* In [[http://videos.sapo.pt/s6d42SN3qGzmH5izQFQR one episode]] of ''Series/HowIMetYourMother'', Marshall mentions to Barney that the Goliath National Bank (GNB) is making illegal experiments in the Lisbon water network and that the GNB can go to war with Portugal if their contracts are not well executed.
127	* In ''Literature/SpeakerForTheDead'', the inhabitants of the colony have named their new planet Lusitania. It is explained in the book that it was named for the historical people and territory in Portugal, which the inhabitants are descended from (via Brazil).
128	* The Portuguese are present in ''VideoGame/{{Civilization}}'' from the 3rd game to the 6th. Their leaders in each installment are respectively Henry the Navigator, João II, Maria I and João III.
129	* ''Literature/VampirosDoRioDouro'': The titular vampires are native from Portugal in the region surrounding the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douro Douro/Duero River]] stretching across the northern Iberian penisula.
130	* ''Film/CarlotaJoaquinaPrincesaDoBrasil'' is an Brazilian satirical movie that tells how the Portuguese Royal Family at the start of the 19th Century fled to Brazil from Napoleon Bonaparte.
131	* Creator/JoseSaramago's ''Baltasar and Blimunda'' tackles Portugal before the Lisbon Earthquake, showing the construction of the Marfa Cathedral, and feature historical figures like composer Domenico Scarlatti as well as Bartolomeu de Gusmão, a Priest who wrote down blueprints for a flying machine. Since this is MagicalRealism, this blueprint has a prototype that flies for real.
132	* The ''Videogame/SoulSeries'' presents the only example of a Portuguese warrior across the FightingGame genre. Setsuka (also known as 'Neve'), is a half-Japanese, half-Portuguese IaijutsuPractitioner born to a Portuguese mother and a Japanese father on a ship travelling from the historic Kingdom of Portugal to Japan in the late 1500s. She was shunned throughout her early life due to her mixed heritage and Japan's isolationist policy at the time.
133	----
134	[[AC:The Portuguese flag]]
135	https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/portugal_flag_5798.png
136	->The flag's red and green colours have been occasionally used in Portugal's previous flags, though not as national colors until 1910, and officially have no symbolic meaning, though the authoritarian Estado Novo regime propagandized the colours to symbolize hope and sacrifice, respectively. The golden armillary sphere celebrates the spirit of adventure and Portugal's proud history of maritime journeys to the Americas, Africa, Oceania and the Far East during the 15th and 16th centuries; upon which is superimposed a white shield containing five smaller blue shields with five white circles, bordered by a red ring containing seven gold castles, symbolizing the reconquest of Portugal from the Moors (African Muslims).
137	----
138	[[AC:Portuguese national anthem]]
139
140	->Heróis do mar, nobre povo,
141	->Nação valente, imortal,
142	->Levantai hoje de novo
143	->O esplendor de Portugal!
144	->Entre as brumas da memória,
145	->Ó Pátria, sente-se a voz
146	->Dos teus egrégios avós,
147	->Que há-de guiar-te à vitória!
148
149	->Às armas, às armas!
150	->Sobre a terra, sobre o mar,
151	->Às armas, às armas!
152	->Pela Pátria lutar!
153	->Contra os canhões, marchar, marchar!
154
155	--
156
157	->Heroes of the sea, noble people,
158	->Valiant and immortal nation,
159	->Raise once again today
160	->The splendor of Portugal!
161	->Among the haze of memory,
162	->Oh Fatherland, one feels the voice
163	->Of your distinguished forefathers,
164	->That shall lead you on to victory!
165
166	->To arms, to arms!
167	->Over land, over sea,
168	->To arms, to arms!
169	->For the Fatherland, fight!
170	->Against the cannons, march on, march on!
171	----
172	[[AC:Government]]
173	* Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic
174	** President: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
175	** Prime Minister: António Costa
176	** President of the Assembly: Augusto Santos Silva
177	----
178	[[AC:Miscellaneous]]
179	* '''Capital and largest city:''' Lisbon
180	* '''Population:''' 10,295,909
181	* '''Area:''' 92,212 sq km (35,603 sq mi) (109th)
182	* '''Currency''': Euro (€) (EUR)
183	* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' PT
184	* '''Country calling code:''' 351
185	* '''Highest point:''' Montanha do Pico (2351 m/7,713 ft) (112nd)

Context UsefulNotes / Portugal