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4[[quoteright:350:[[WesternAnimation/ChickenRun https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/nick_park_chicken_run_001_5547.jpg]]]]
5[[caption-width-right:350:One photograph down, 129,599[[note]]24 frames per second, for 90 minutes[[/note]] to go.]]
6
7->'''Korey:''' I mean we are talking about you move every character, depending on the movement, it could be a fraction of an inch just to get one gesture. But did you ever think that like maybe one of his animators came up and like, "You know, motherfucker, there is this thing called [[AllCGICartoon CG]]!"\
8'''Leon:''' Yeah, and that guy was fired.
9-->-- ''WesternAnimation/{{Coraline}}'' WebAnimation/{{Spill}} [[https://youtu.be/CIjAo2FnEeQ review]]
10
11Stop Motion is a technique of animation involving physical models as opposed to drawings or CGI. The models have to be moved into a different pose for every frame. This sort of thing can take a ''very'' long time to film.
12
13The models used can be made of anything, from hard plastic to foam rubber to metal. Rogue independent animator [[http://www.wizworld.com/ Mike Jittlov]] has been known to animate anything and everything with Stop Motion, including himself (see his famous shorts "Fashionation", "Film/TheWizardOfSpeedAndTime" and "Mouse Mania").
14
15Before the advent of computer-generated imagery, this was the default method for producing a non-human character in special effects, along with puppetry. Stop-motion characters would be matted into shots along with live actors. Creator/RayHarryhausen was a leading practitioner and innovator of the art; his last stop-motion film was 1981's ''Film/{{Clash of the Titans|1981}}''. The technique has been supplanted almost entirely by CGI from the '80s and onwards.
16
17Stop motion animation can be done on ''live actors'' as well -- in this case, it's called "pixilation". (Not to be confused with {{Pixellation}}.) Pixilation can make certain scenes very surrealistic and can be used to create some cheap special effects (e.g. it can be used to make an actor appear as if he were levitating). In this form, the Scottish-Canadian animator, Creator/NormanMcLaren, is generally considered the master.
18
19It was frequently used in Eastern Bloc children's animation, perhaps even more often than the classical drawn cartoons.
20
21"Claymation", a trademark owned by Creator/{{Laika}} for its clay-based animation technique, is just one form of stop-motion animation, as the actual technique isn't strictly limited to using Plasticine or jelly-like figures. Besides the pixilation example listed above, it can also be done with puppets, objects, small figurines, [[OffTheShelfFX toys, dolls, action figures]], Franchise/{{LEGO}} and similar products (ie, a brickfilm), or if you're feeling fancy, [[https://youtu.be/oSCX78-8-q0 atoms]]. [[NotMakingThisUpDisclaimer Yes, atoms.]]
22
23[[NonIndicativeName Despite being dubbed so]], "Claymation" is almost never done with normal earthen clay, which hardens rapidly when exposed to air. Most commonly, a polymer compound like Plasticine is used, since it never dries out and is slow to melt under lights. The figure is usually built on a flexible wire skeleton called an armature, unless the character's nature requires it to be formless.
24
25Some common features of stop-motion figures are an interchangeable mouth so that lip sync can be done without resculpting the mouth every time, and barely-visible holes or clear pegs in the pupils of the eyes, to make pointing the eyeline easier. On human figures, the mouth is usually a mostly-flat stuck-on piece with a black background to suggest depth. Aardman figures actually have a full set of {{sculpt|ures}}ed mouths.
26
27During the animation process, each character normally has his own "performer" -- a technician assigned solely to that figure, who adjusts its movements between frames.
28
29Even though the art itself is rather primitive compared to CGI, there are some variations on how the final product ends up. Some like to keep true to the original methods in keeping ''everything'' in the view of the camera, while others like to use digital touch-ups for more complicated subjects such as fire, water, or flying objects.
30
31Do not confuse with works that use real-time or close-to-real-time puppetry, such as the UsefulNotes/{{Supermarionation}} series.
32
33----
34!!Examples:
35
36[[foldercontrol]]
37[[folder:Claymation in film and television]]
38* Creator/AardmanAnimations' specialty:
39** The ''WesternAnimation/WallaceAndGromit'' shorts, and their 2005 feature film, ''WesternAnimation/TheCurseOfTheWereRabbit'', which won Creator/NickPark three Oscars.
40** ''WesternAnimation/ChickenRun'' (the page photo above is of Creator/NickPark on the set) and its sequel, ''WesternAnimation/ChickenRunDawnOfTheNugget''
41** ''WesternAnimation/ThePiratesInAnAdventureWithScientists'', the studio's return to completely handmade claymation after CGI films like ''WesternAnimation/FlushedAway'' and ''WesternAnimation/ArthurChristmas''.
42** ''WesternAnimation/CreatureComforts'', a series based on real audio from VoxPops interviews, with appropriate animals substituted for the British public.
43** Also their TV series ''WesternAnimation/ShaunTheSheep'' (a SpinOff featuring a character from ''WesternAnimation/ACloseShave'') and ''its'' SpinOff, ''WesternAnimation/TimmyTime''.
44** ''WesternAnimation/RexTheRunt''
45** ''WesternAnimation/PibAndPog'', one of Aardman's more mature films.
46** ''WesternAnimation/EarlyMan'', Park's return to directing after 13 years.
47* ''WesternAnimation/{{Achilles}}''
48* ''WesternAnimation/{{Pingu}}''
49* ''WesternAnimation/CelebrityDeathmatch''
50* The feature films ''WesternAnimation/{{Coraline}}'' and ''WesternAnimation/{{Paranorman}}'' involve these.
51* ''WesternAnimation/{{Gumby}}'' and ''WesternAnimation/DaveyAndGoliath'', both created by Art Clokey
52** Clokey did clay titles for some mid-60s American International movies.
53* The studio Creator/ApartmentD specializes in this kind of animation.
54* Early Creator/{{Nickelodeon}} associate Eli Noyes had a thing for clay worms among other things, as could be seen on ''Series/{{Pinwheel}}'', ''Series/EureekasCastle'', and select network idents.
55* Will Vinton helped pioneer the art form with his Oscar-winning short ''WesternAnimation/ClosedMondays''. His Will Vinton Studios [[note]]He invented the word "claymation", and his company originally held the trademark on the word[[/note]] did much more claymation work, including a Claymation Christmas special featuring the California Raisins.
56* The 'Just a tiny amount' sketch on ''Series/TheFastShow'' showed a very dull claymation director demonstrating how his films are made -- moving bits of a model 'Just a tiny amount' for every frame of film, over and over and over. Inevitably the man he's talking to turns out to be Mr 'Does anyone fancy a pint?'.
57* ''WesternAnimation/TheWrongCoast'', an entertainment NewsParody.
58* The children's television show ''WesternAnimation/BumpInTheNight''.
59* The California Raisin Board, a part state-agency[=/=]part agricultural co-operative association of fruit growers, created a set of clay stop-motion characters in their TV ads as a music group, to advertise the fruit its members wanted to sell. This was apparently so successful they created actual toys of the characters and a short-lived TV series. Bonus points if you can guess what state it was from. Hint: [[spoiler:basically the first three words of this example were what they were called]].
60* A number of Creator/{{Ufotable}} anime feature claymation segments:
61** The ending sequence of ''Anime/CoyoteRagtimeShow''.
62** The ED for ''Anime/FutakoiAlternative''.
63** The ED for ''Anime/ManabiStraight''.
64** The NoTalkingOrPhonesWarning policy trailers for ''Literature/TheGardenOfSinners''.
65* Anything by Music/{{Voltaire}}.
66* ''WebAnimation/KlayWorld''.
67* The characters of ''WesternAnimation/KiriAndLou'' are made of clay, but the backgrounds are are paper cut-outs.
68* ''WesternAnimation/TheKoalaBrothers''
69* ''WesternAnimation/MoralOrel'', a show parodying ''WesternAnimation/DaveyAndGoliath''.
70** For bonus points, title character Orel himself does stop motion animation as a hobby, and is usually seen doing it in the credits with his religious figurines. The episode "Orel's Movie Premiere" centers around his first stop motion animation movie (which, for the record, used a blend of claymation and puppets). It got real meta during the end credits of that episode where Orel does an animation...of himself doing animation. [[spoiler: In the SeriesFinale, Orel packs up his stop motion animation gear and gives it to Shapey and Block for Christmas.]]
71* ''[[http://www.jtanimation.com/news/detail_MzMx.jhtml Mr. Cookie]]''
72* Russian shorts by Harry Bardin (alt. spelling Garry Bardin). (e.g. ''[[https://youtu.be/t8OHCOiTZ6g Break!]]'')
73* ''WesternAnimation/{{Plasmo}}''
74* ''Animation/PlasticineCrow''
75* ''Animation/LastYearsSnowWasFalling''
76* As a FormulaBreakingEpisode stunt, Creator/ConanOBrien once had entire episode of his ''Late Night'' show produced in Claymation.
77* The ''Sinbad'' series of movies from the 50's and 70's used stop motion clay figures for it's many mythical creatures and beasts, from the talent of ''Creator/RayHarryhausen''.
78** ''Film/The7thVoyageOfSinbad''
79** ''Film/TheGoldenVoyageOfSinbad''
80** ''Film/SinbadAndTheEyeOfTheTiger''
81* ''WesternAnimation/TheAdventuresOfMarkTwain''
82* The first opening of {{Manga/Beastars}}.
83* The opening titles and closing credits for ''Film/BrainDonors'' are done with Claymation by Will Vinton (of California Raisins fame).
84* ''Series/{{Community}}'''s [[Recap/CommunityS2E11AbedsUncontrollableChristmas second season]] ChristmasEpisode [[ArtShift was in stop motion]].
85* ''WesternAnimation/TheRedAndTheBlue''
86* Several scenes in Creator/TakashiMiike's surreal comedy ''Film/TheHappinessOfTheKatakuris'' are done this way.
87* Some of the characters from ''WesternAnimation/TheAmazingWorldOfGumball'' are animated like this.
88* ''Edward and Friends'', a {{British|Series}} TV adaption of the ''Toys/{{Fabuland}}'' toy line by Franchise/{{LEGO}}.
89* The AnimatedMusicVideo for ''[[https://youtu.be/DrQRS40OKNE White Winter Hymnal]]'' by Music/FleetFoxes.
90* Also the music video for Music/CageTheElephant's [[https://youtu.be/bZBmcSBoRAE&ob=av2e "Aberdeen"]].
91* All work by Creator/BruceBickford, an [[DerangedAnimation unusual animator]] with a [[CultClassic cult following]] whose work can be seen in Music/FrankZappa's ''Baby Snakes'' and other home video releases, including one specifically devoted to Bickford's animation, ''The Amazing Mr. Bickford''. There's also a documentary about Bickford, ''Monster Road''.
92* ''Film/ReturnToOz'' blends live actors and Will Vinton's Claymation.
93* ''WesternAnimation/JoJosCircus''
94* ''WesternAnimation/TheTrapDoor''.
95* ''WebVideo/WWESlamCity''
96* ''WesternAnimation/GaryAndMike''
97* ''WesternAnimation/ThePJs''
98* Late in ''Webcomic/{{Homestuck}}'' a character makes his "masterpiece" which takes the form of shitty claymation Website/{{Vine}}s. It even has the Vine logo on the upper right corner!
99* ''WesternAnimation/LittleRobots''
100* The [[https://youtu.be/bSURDuCQcbU official music video]] for Music/{{Joywave}}'s "Blank Slate" uses claymation, depicting a satellite drifting through space while being molded and reshaped by the various alien creatures it encounters on its journey. Which is very fitting, as the song's lyrics are about allowing others to figuratively "mold" and reshape your personality.
101* The [[https://youtu.be/g2N0TkfrQhY official music video]] for Music/{{Queen}}'s "Music/{{Innuendo}}" features a short claymation segment halfway through, with clay jesters capering and clapping.
102* The [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Gc9xVRLFHU official video]] for "Soul Food to Go (Sina)" by The Manhattan Transfer features the real-life vocal group ''and'' claymation figures of it performing at the same time, with many segments alternating between the real and animated performers.
103* ''WebAnimation/OfWeaselsAndChickens''
104* The works of Adam Elliot, such as ''WesternAnimation/MaryAndMax'' and ''WesternAnimation/HarvieKrumpet''.
105* The Vietnamese TV show ''Animation/SayHiToPencil''
106* The Spanish cartoon ''WesternAnimation/{{Capelito}}''.
107* ''Anime/{{Knyacki}}''
108* ''Anime/RilakkumaAndKaoru'' is a series of 11-minute episodes that are animated like this.
109* ''Rilakkuma's Theme Park Adventure'' is a follow up to ''Rilakkuma and Kaoru'' which ranges between 11-minutes to later episodes ranging from 16-minutes to the final episode being 20-minutes long.
110* ''Creator/{{Sanrio}}'' made an animated direct-to-DVD series in 2004 called ''Hello Kitty Stump Village'' starring ''Franchise/HelloKitty'' and other Sanrio characters living in a village deep in a forest. The series was distributed by Creator/{{Geneon}} in the United States and a Japanese/South Korean co-production with SOVIK Venture Capital and Studio Tomorrow.
111* [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMEdyf3GS6s A Korean commercial]] for the Toys/{{Tamagotchi}} On (known in that region as the Tamagotchi Some) features claymated versions of Mametchi, Lovelitchi, and a [[PatchworkKids m!xed child of theirs]] superimposed [[RogerRabbitEffect over live-action footage]] of girls playing with the toys.
112* ''Anime/TaikoNoTatsujinClayAnime'', a series based on the ''VideoGame/TaikoNoTatsujin'' video games.
113* ''WesternAnimation/OscarAndFriends'', a series from New Zealand, was animated with this type of Stop Motion.
114* ''WebAnimation/{{TP}}'' was animated in this format.
115* ''WesternAnimation/{{OPAL}}'' combines this with live-action footage and computer graphics as part of [[Music/JackStauber Jack Stauber's]] style of MediumBlending.
116* ''WesternAnimation/MisterGo''
117* ''WesternAnimation/WhatItsLikeBeingAlone''
118* ''Literature/TheDragonSeries'''s AnimatedAdaptation
119* ''WesternAnimation/ClayOrTheOriginOfSpecies'' uses actual clay rather than plasticine.
120* ''WesternAnimation/ClaymationComedyOfHorrors''.
121* ''Series/{{Zoboomafoo}}'''s "Zoboo-land" segments are claymation.
122* ''WesternAnimation/HenrysWorld''
123* ''Animation/{{Krisztoforo}}'' uses MediumBlending, but is primarily stop motion.
124* ''WesternAnimation/MyGrandfathersDemons''
125* ''WesternAnimation/NoDogsOrItaliansAllowed''
126[[/folder]]
127
128[[folder:Claymation in video games]]
129* ''VideoGame/AliceInWonderland1985'': The 1992 remake adds claymation cutscenes.
130* ''VideoGame/Area51'': The alien enemies in are stop motion clay figures.
131* ''[[VideoGame/BattleChess Battle Chess 4000]]'' features digitized clay models. It is the only game of the series to do so.
132* ''VideoGame/ClayFighter''
133* ''VideoGame/ClayJam'' (iOS app): There are little claymation critters for the player to squish.
134* ''VideoGame/{{Claymates}}''
135* ''VideoGame/ClockWerx'': The cutscenes in the [[Platform/SegaSaturn Saturn]] and [[Platform/PlayStation PS1]] versions.
136* ''Clodhoppers'': A clay-animated multiplayer brawler by Claymatic Games.
137* ''VideoGame/DominiquePamplemousse'': The game's graphics are rendered in claymation.
138* ''VideoGame/{{Doom}}'': Enemies like the Baron of Hell and Cyberdemon are clay models.
139* ''VideoGame/{{Hylics}}'' and it's sequel: These use clay to create its world and characters.
140* ''VideoGame/MagicAndMayhem'': Claymation is used for the cutscenes. The in-game models are sprites made to resemble claymation.
141* VideoGame/MoonRemixRPGAdventure: The animals, Dolottle, and the Queen, [[spoiler:who all come from the Moon]], are portrayed in claymation, while pretty much everyone else is hand-drawn.
142* ''Franchise/MortalKombat''
143** ''VideoGame/MortalKombat1992'': Goro
144** ''VideoGame/MortalKombat3'': Shiva
145* Games by Creator/DougTenNapel:
146** ''VideoGame/TheNeverhood'' and its sequel ''VideoGame/{{Skullmonkeys}}''
147** ''VideoGame/BoomBots''
148** ''VideoGame/{{Armikrog}}'': A spiritual successor to ''The Neverhood''.
149* ''VideoGame/OtenkiKororinWeatherTales'': A puzzle game near-fully animated with clay. The exceptions are the marbles themselves and explosions, which are pixel art.
150* ''VideoGame/POEd'': It utilizes clay models for enemies in a similar way to ''Doom''.
151* ''Platypus'' and its sequel ''Platypus II'': Tough ShootEmUp done in claymation by Claymatic Games.
152* ''VideoGame/QuestForGlory'': Enemies while in combat are clay figures.
153* ''VideoGame/TheSwapper'': An indie puzzle platformer composed of clay models.
154* ''VideoGame/{{Trog}}'': As it describes itself, presented in Playmation. It has cute little claymation sprites.
155[[/folder]]
156
157[[folder:Puppet stop motion]]
158* The first person to use this medium to great strength is Willis O'Brien and his masterpiece ''Film/KingKong1933''. Willis' films, besides early Clay Mation shorts, include: ''The Ghost of Slumber Mountain'', ''Film/TheLostWorld'' (1925), ''Film/TheSonOfKong'', ''Film/MightyJoeYoung'', ''The Animal World'', ''Film/TheBlackScorpion'' and ''Film/TheGiantBehemoth''.
159** The original ''Film/KingKong1933''. Unfortunately, the fur on Kong wasn't brushed back between shots, so it constantly ripples. The animator, Willis O'Brian knew this and was very displeased. The Director, however, loved how it looked and so did the critics, commenting that "you can see the ape's hairs stand on end!"
160* George Pal revolutionized the medium into what it is today with the WesternAnimation/{{Puppetoons}}, which used thousands of hand-carved wooden puppets with rubber limbs. Although he did upgrade to articulated puppets in later works like ''WesternAnimation/JohnHenryAndTheInkyPoo''. That short film and his earlier ''WesternAnimation/TulipsShallGrow'' were both nominated for Oscars. Although Stop Motion had already been around for several decades by the 1940s, [[TropeCodifier Pal set the standard with his works, and pretty much invented the modern stop motion animation]]. While Creator/RayHarryhausen is famous enough to be mentioned above, he was [[BadassTeacher TAUGHT]] by George Pal.
161* It's impossible to speak of Stop Motion and not give credit to [[Creator/TippettStudio Phil Tippett]], who now has a [[https://www.youtube.com/user/PhilsAttic YouTube channel]]. He's worked on a few small movies like ''Franchise/StarWars'', ''Franchise/RoboCop'' and ''Film/{{Dragonslayer}}''. He made the switch over to CG effects and keeps in the business.
162** [[https://www.cartoonbrew.com/stop-motion/phil-tippetts-mad-god-30386.html He seems to be going back to stop motion, however.]] The final result of his effort was ''WebVideo/MadGod''.
163** Tippett also developed a new technique he dubbed "[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_motion Go motion]]", where MotionBlur would be added to the puppets.
164* Another name of historical importance: Ladislas Starevich (or Władysław Starewicz, or Vladislav Starevich).
165** ''Le Roman de Renard'', based on the Literature/{{Reynard|TheFox}} folktales. Made in 1930 and still looks great.
166** Starevich was one of the first if not the first puppet animator. Starting from 1909 he created documentaries about insects using puppets made out of wax, gutta-percha, wire, and dead insect parts.[[note]]First he tried filming live insects, but hot bright lamps made them too sluggish.[[/note]] Unfortunately, no copies survived of his first stop-motion documentary ''Lucanus Cervus''.
167** In 1912[[note]]various sources give different release dates for his first films, ranging from 1911 to 1912[[/note]] he released several shorts including ''Animation/TheCameramansRevenge'', which parodied contemporary parlour melodramas, quasi-medieval[[labelnote:*]]with swords, halberds, siege towers, bottes fortes, shrapnel and dynamite[[/labelnote]] drama ''The Beautiful Lukanida'', a fairy tale ''[[https://youtu.be/jCZL4K6E1jc The Insects' Christmas]]''. The characters were mostly beetles, with an occasional dragonfly or a grasshopper. The funny thing is: most viewers though the insects were alive and Starevich was an excellent insect trainer.
168* The [[Animation/KihachiroKawamotoShorts shorts]] and feature films of Japanese puppet designer, puppeteer and animator Kihachirō Kawamoto.
169* A lot of work written or produced by Creator/TimBurton, including:
170** His first short ''Vincent''.
171** ''WesternAnimation/TheNightmareBeforeChristmas'' (writer/producer).
172** ''WesternAnimation/CorpseBride'' (director).
173** Large sections of the movie adaption of ''Film/JamesAndTheGiantPeach'' (producer).
174** Parts of ''Film/{{Beetlejuice}}'', like the sandworms, the snake-banister, and facial transformations, which gave the movie a charming George Pal quality.
175* ''WesternAnimation/TheWayOfPeace'': An odd little 1947 short film directed by Creator/FrankTashlin, funded by the Lutheran Church, calling for faith in Jesus to avoid a nuclear holocaust.
176* ''WesternAnimation/RobotChicken'', created by Seth Green of ''Buffy'' and ''Film/AustinPowers'' fame, was made using modified action figures.
177* [[FirstPersonShooter First Person Shooters]], ''VideoGame/{{Blood}}'' and ''VideoGame/PowerSlave'' used stop motion model puppets for the enemy [[DigitizedSprites sprites]] in-game.
178* The fighting game ''VideoGame/PrimalRage'' is well known for it's use of stop motion puppets for it's fighters.
179* The First-Person [[HumongousMecha Mech]] Simulator, ''Iron Assault'' uses stop motion figures for the sprites of the Mechs.
180* ''WesternAnimation/ShakespeareTheAnimatedTales'' had four episodes that used this.
181* ''WesternAnimation/TestamentTheBibleInAnimation'' had three episodes that used this.
182* ''WesternAnimation/LunarJim''
183* The film ''WesternAnimation/ChickenRun'' -- only the heads were clay, the rest of each figure was a bendable wire framework covered in silicone. Each character wears a scarf or ribbon around their neck to hide the seam between the head and the body.
184* ''WesternAnimation/DaveyAndGoliath''
185* Creator/RankinBassProductions holiday specials were usually puppet stop motion (a process R/B called "Animagic"). ''WesternAnimation/RudolphTheRedNosedReindeer'', ''WesternAnimation/HereComesPeterCottontail'', ''WesternAnimation/SantaClausIsCominToTown'', and ''WesternAnimation/TheYearWithoutASantaClaus'' are the most widely known.
186* The Wonderland sequences in ''Film/AliceInWonderland1949'' featured stop motion puppets designed by Lou Bunin.
187* The second ''{{WesternAnimation/SpongeBob SquarePants}}'' ChristmasSpecial "WesternAnimation/ItsASpongebobChristmas" is this. It seems to be parodying the occurrence in a lot of the 'classic' Christmas cartoons.
188** The show's second HalloweenEpisode ''WesternAnimation/TheLegendOfBooKiniBottom'' was also done this way.
189* The French film ''Max&Co'' combines puppet stop motion and CGI.
190* ''WesternAnimation/KaBlam'', which has a variety-show approach to the cartoons it presents, had a number of recurring stop-motion sketches.
191** ''WesternAnimation/ActionLeagueNow'' is perhaps the most notable example; it used obscure (usually Dollar Store brand) and custom action figures and referred to the process as being "Filmed in Chuckamation"--any character that flies is just tossed in front of the camera. It also got a SpinOff when ''WesternAnimation/KaBlam'' ended.
192* Used in the ''WebVideo/{{lonelygirl15}}'' episodes "My Sister = Slut", and "My Mom's A Freak!".
193* Creator/WesAnderson's FilmOfTheBook of ''Literature/FantasticMrFox'', as well as his second animated film ''WesternAnimation/IsleOfDogs''
194** Also used for the sea creatures in ''Film/TheLifeAquaticWithSteveZissou''.
195* Stop-motion feature films are the name of studio Creator/{{Laika}}'s game:
196** The film of ''WesternAnimation/{{Coraline}}'', in which nearly everything (including the grass and Coraline's raincoat) was wired to move around with the exception of the faces, which, instead of being made with clay, were designed on a computer, made with a three-dimensional printer and were replaced every frame, like Henry Selick's previous work on the Pillsbury Doughboy commercials.
197** ''WesternAnimation/ParaNorman'' and ''WesternAnimation/TheBoxtrolls'' were made in much the same way, but with [[TechnologyMarchesOn more advanced 3D printing technology]], allowing for pre-colored faces.
198* ''WesternAnimation/PinchcliffeGrandPrix'' is the most visited film ever in Norwegian movie theatres.
199* ''WesternAnimation/ChorltonAndTheWheelies''
200* ''WesternAnimation/MaryShelleysFrankenhole'' is made with paper dolls. They're still molded to be three-dimensional figures, so they're not cutouts.
201* ''WesternAnimation/BobTheBuilder''.
202* [[https://youtu.be/718DpmQrPbg This]] classic Christmas ad for Norelco shavers.
203* ''Literature/{{Cheburashka}}'', a Russian series of short movies. They are based on Eduard Uspensky's books.
204* Most of Oliver Postgate and Peter Firmin's children's shows, including ''The Pinguins'' (shot ''outdoors'' with all the problems that entailed), ''Pogles Wood/The Pogles'', ''WesternAnimation/TheClangers'' and ''Series/{{Bagpuss}}'', although the last also included some cutout animation and live-action puppetry.
205* Creator/MikeJudge and Creator/ZachWoods alongside Brandon Gardner worked with this technique in their 2024 series ''In the Know''.
206* The Trumptonshire series - ''WesternAnimation/CamberwickGreen'', ''Trumpton'' and ''Chigley''
207* ''WesternAnimation/TheMagicRoundabout'', made in France but probably best known in Britain for its jokier rewritten narration.
208* Some of the characters from ''WesternAnimation/TheAmazingWorldOfGumball''.
209* The yarn dolls used to represent the characters in ''Film/TheHitchhikersGuideToTheGalaxy2005'', when the spaceship enters the Infinite Improbability Drive. The cut from the live-action to the stop-motion scenes is seamless (live-action Arthur even throws up some yarn!).
210* The Mrs. Butterworth's commercials originally used it for the bottle; CGI is used today.
211* Gran, a British series of shorts that were seen in America on ''Series/EureekasCastle''.
212* Dick Spanner, also a British production. It was once shown on The Comedy Channel (now Creator/ComedyCentral) together with Series/LancelotLinkSecretChimp.
213* The reptilian aliens that briefly appear in the sci-fi thriller BMovie, ''Film/{{Laserblast}}''.
214* ''{{WesternAnimation/Rastamouse}}''
215* The iconic music video for Music/PeterGabriel's 1986 single "Music/{{Sledgehammer|1986}}" was done entirely in stop-motion, combining pixilation with object animation (i.e. fruit and raw chicken) and claymation; only a small portion of the video was ''not'' done with stop-motion, and these segments [[BookEnds bookend]] it. Gabriel's decision to use stop-motion was inspired by a similar pixilation segment near the end of the music video for [[Music/LittleCreatures "Road to Nowhere"]] by Music/TalkingHeads, of whom he was a fan.
216* Some of the stories in ''WesternAnimation/AnimatedTalesOfTheWorld'' were in stop motion animation including ''The Three Sisters Who Fell into the Mountain,'' ''Cap O'Rushes'' and ''King March.''
217* The music videos for Music/{{tool}}'s "Sober" and "Prison Sex" were stop motion films with puppets.
218* ''WesternAnimation/{{Anomalisa}}'' is a feature-length stop-motion animation with puppets.
219* Creator/SamAndMickey use stop motion to create adult-targeted comedies about Franchise/{{Barbie}}.
220* Creator/PannoniaFilmStudio created a handful of stop-motion television series, including ''Animation/MisiMokusKalandjai'' and ''Animation/LongLiveServatius''.
221* ''WesternAnimation/TheSandCastle'' mixes puppet stop-motion with sand animation.
222* ''WesternAnimation/{{Balance}}'' uses five LooksLikeOrlok puppets to deliver an {{Allegory}} about the need for cooperation between people and the dangers of selfishness.
223* WebAnimation/{{Cranbersher}}, a Website/{{YouTube}}r who does all sorts of stop-motion projects on his channel, from fan animations to short original films.
224* Amazon Prime's original series ''WesternAnimation/TumbleLeaf''
225* One of ''Manga/PopTeamEpic'' anime sections is called "Pop Team Dance" made by Studio UchuPeople, in which Popuko and Pipimi are plushies animated with stop-motion and they sing various songs. One of them is a parody of Music/EarthWindAndFire's "Let's Groove".
226* The primary focus of Mexico-based studio Cinema Fantasma, producers of ''WesternAnimation/FrankeldasBookOfSpooks''
227* ''WesternAnimation/TheFigurehead''
228* ''WesternAnimation/{{Strike}}''
229* The works of Tomoki Misato tend to fall under this. His shorts use needle felted models, which makes a stark contrast between the cutesy visuals and sometimes unsettling themes of some shorts.
230** ''Anime/MyLittleGoat''
231** ''Anime/PuiPuiMolcar''
232* ''WesternAnimation/LifesAZoo''
233* ''WesternAnimation/ScreenPlay''
234* ''WesternAnimation/NormanPicklestripes''
235* The music video for "TV Tan" by Music/TheWildhearts features a cast of stop motion creatures watching the band perform on TV in a surreal graphic environment.
236* The music video for "Bad Craziness" by [[Music/DADBand D-A-D]] features claymation cariactures of the band.
237* The 1981 Japanese stop-motion short film ''Kitty and Mimmy's New Umbrella'' which is also Franchise/HelloKitty's animation debut.
238* ''WesternAnimation/TheHouse2022'' makes use of woven/knitted puppets throughout the story, giving the more human characters a ''really'' unsettling look.
239* ''WesternAnimation/WendellAndWild''
240* The 1992 arcade fighting game ''VideoGame/DinoRex'' developed by Creator/{{Taito}} uses stop-motion animated dinosaurs brought to life with a similar technique to the ones in the films of Willis O'Brien and Ray Harryhausen. It actually came two years before ''Primal Rage''.
241* ''WesternAnimation/ThePatrickStarShow'': The show regularly features Screen Novelties-produced "stop motion puppet" skits starring MadScientist Dr. Plankenstein and his two servants, [=SpongeMonster=] and Patgor. Most of their scenes are DeliberatelyMonochrome and revolve around the three watching the ''Patrick Show'' itself, inspiring Plankenstein's schemes or leading into other segments.
242* ''WesternAnimation/GuillermoDelTorosPinocchio''
243* ''Animation/{{Tengers}}'', the first full-length animation produced in UsefulNotes/SouthAfrica.
244* UsefulNotes/{{Japan}} had [[Animation/KihachiroKawamotoShorts Kihachirō Kawamoto]].
245[[/folder]]
246
247[[folder:Cutouts]]
248* The pilot to ''WesternAnimation/SouthPark'' ("Cartman Gets an Anal Probe"), plus [[WesternAnimation/TheSpiritOfChristmas the two prototype shorts]], were animated with construction paper cutouts in homage to Terry Gilliam (see below). When it went to series, the cutout process was swapped out for CGI, allowing for a much faster turnaround time (''one week'' versus a more traditional three months), which has been compared to "building a sandcastle with a bulldozer."
249* One ''Literature/TheMoomins'' series was animated with felt cutouts.
250* EmileCohl, one of the very first auteur animators, tended to use cutout animation in conjunction with everything else he could get his hands on.
251* ''Worker And Parasite'', the cartoon-within-a-cartoon of ''[[WesternAnimation/TheSimpsons Krusty Gets Kancelled]]'' (and quite an accurate spoof of Eastern European cartoons), was done this way.
252* An actual Eastern European cartoon, ''Animation/{{Tango}}'', featured cutout photographs of real people passing through a cel-drawn apartment that gets increasingly crowded. It won an Oscar.
253* ''WesternAnimation/BluesClues'' used paper cutouts for most of its characters.
254* Many sketches on ''WesternAnimation/{{MAD}}'' by Bunko Studios were made with cut out animation (and sometimes, other techniques.)
255* Creator/TerryGilliam's animations for ''Do Not Adjust Your Set'' and Creator/MontyPython, mostly using found images in surreal combinations.
256* Oliver Postgate and Peter Firmin's (see above) series ''The Saga of Noggin the Nog'' and ''Ivor the Engine'' were executed entirely with cutout animation, as were some of the stories-within-the-show in ''Bagpuss''.
257* [[RuleOfThree Some of the characters from]] ''WesternAnimation/TheAmazingWorldOfGumball''.
258* The {{Animated Music Video}}s for ''[[https://youtu.be/DT-dxG4WWf4 Mykonos]]'' and ''[[http://fleetfoxes.com/videos/music_videos The Shrine / An Argument]]'' by Music/FleetFoxes. The lead singer's brother is an animator.
259* Music/JagaJazzist's music videos for "Animal Chin" and "Day" (both made by Acoustic Kung Fu Films) both involved animation of cutouts from photographs and magazine pages.
260* The oldest animated feature in existence, ''WesternAnimation/TheAdventuresOfPrinceAchmed'', uses a variation called silhouette animation, which involves shooting jointed figures made of black cardboard against a backlit background, similar in technique to Oriental shadow puppets.
261* ''WesternAnimation/TwiceUponATime''.
262* ''WesternAnimation/CrystalTippsAndAlistair'', the psychedelic adventures of a girl and her dog.
263* The British kids' show ''WesternAnimation/CaptainPugwash'' was a cheat - the characters were made from cutouts, but articulated so they could be moved in live-action.
264* ''Animation/HedgehogInTheFog'' and several other cartoons by Yuriy Norshteyn, including ''The Overcoat'', which has been [[DevelopmentHell in production since 1981]] (25 minutes out of planned 60 as of 2004).
265* ''WesternAnimation/FrankFilm'' is an experimental short film which involves the use of thousands of pictures cut out from magazines, photographed in a very fast-moving stop motion style.
266* Charles Bowers was a cartoonist who branched out into comedy films during the silent era, mixing in stop-motion animation with live action in surreal comedy shorts. ''Film/ThereItIs'' has [=MacNeesha=] the Scotland Yard detective accompanied by a little fly buddy, [=MacGregor=], who lives in a matchbox in [=MacNeesha=]'s pocket and has his own tiny magnifying glass to look for clues.
267* [[http://wiki.puella-magi.net/Gekidan_Inu_Curry Gekidan Inu Curry]] ("Theatrical Company Dog Curry"), best known for creating the surreal witches and labyrinths in ''Anime/PuellaMagiMadokaMagica'', uses cutout stop-motion and animation designed to resemble it. TheMovie, ''[[Anime/PuellaMagiMadokaMagicaTheMovieRebellion Rebellion]]'', used a puppet for the "Nightmare" enemy.
268[[/folder]]
269
270[[folder:Other]]
271* [[BuiltWithLego LEGO]] is popular as a medium for stop motion for amateurs or professionals. This type of animation is known as a brickfilm. Franchise/{{LEGO}} even promoted this with their ''Toys/LEGOStudios'' line of toys back in 2000, which included sets like exploding buildings or giant dinosaur heads with moving jaws. One set had a camera that you can use to make the movies, and it can even attach to your LEGO bricks in the case you need to prop it up somewhere. The ''LEGO Studios'' website even had a few tutorials on how to do various specials effects like making minifigs run.
272** Others go on to make custom LEGO characters and pieces to make stop motion videos of other properties that LEGO isn't involved with. Such as [[https://youtu.be/Ua5qh40x4KA&feature=relmfu this video]] for ''VideoGame/GearsOfWar'' called ''Bricks of War.''
273** ''WesternAnimation/TheLegoMovie'' uses some stop motion (for the end titles), combined with CGI designed to ''look'' like stop motion.
274** ''WesternAnimation/SpiderManAcrossTheSpiderVerse'' has a LEGO stop-motion scene, created by Preston Mutanga, a 14-year-old who recreated the trailer in LEGO. The producers liked it so much so that [[PromotedFanboy they hired him to animate some shots on Earth-13122, the universe made entirely out of LEGO]].
275* ''WesternAnimation/PhantomInvestigators'', which was half stop-motion puppets and half live-action, made by the same company of ''[[WesternAnimation/KaBlam Life with Loopy]]''
276* The film ''Film/BetterOffDead'' includes a brief stop-motion sequence where the protagonist Lane, while toiling at a fast-food restaurant, imagines himself as Doctor Frankenstein bringing burgers to life.
277* The web series ''WebVideo/ArbyNTheChief'' uses ''Franchise/{{Halo}}'' figurines to represent the titular characters and some secondary characters. Most of the other characters are represented by off-screen voice-overs.
278* ''HumorousPhasesOfFunnyFaces'' uses stop motion and a mixture of chalk and cardboard cutout animation.
279* The short film ''The Polos of Death'' uses a [[Franchise/StarWars Boba Fett]] figurine and a lot of polos.
280* Norman [=McLaren=]'s "pixilation" short films that used stop motion with live actors.
281** 1952 short film ''Film/{{Neighbours}}'' does this, and the effect (combined with the film's theme of violent EscalatingWar) is one of horror. [[https://youtu.be/Wh4DstK2w_Q See it here]].
282** ''Film/AChairyTale'' features a man struggling to sit down on a sentient chair that flees from him.
283* Art Clokey also did some pixliation shorts, ''Lawn Party'' and ''The Plucky Plumber'', which were recyled into ''WesternAnimation/{{Gumby}}'' shorts ("Lawn Party" from ''The Gumby Show'' and "The Funny Bathtub" from ''Gumby Adventures'').
284* The Sumatran Rat Monkey in ''Film/{{Braindead}}''.
285* ''Film/KingKongVsGodzilla'' features a brief piece of it when Godzilla drop-kicks King Kong.
286* MuteMath has used stop motion for a couple of their music videos [[https://youtu.be/cv2mjAgFTaI&feature=artist Blood Presure]] and [[https://youtu.be/Ry6GAwDCI2I Spotlight]].
287* The ''WesternAnimation/Paddington1975'' TV series from the 1970s-80s used MediumBlending with a stop-motion bear for the main character and animated paper cutouts for everyone else.
288* ''WebVideo/StopmotionChess'' uses TabletopGame/{{chess}} pieces.
289* As the ''Franchise/{{Transformers}}'' toys became more poseable and screen accurate it has become more common for fans to create their own stop motion Transformers ''series'' or recreate a battle scene, especially from [[Film/TransformersFilmSeries the movies]] for their memorable action sequences.
290* ''WesternAnimation/NoddysToylandAdventures'' used toymation.
291* The aliens in ''Series/TheOuterLimits1963'' episodes "The Zanti Misfits" and "Counterweight" were created with stop motion.
292* WebVideo/{{VlogBrother|s}} Hank Green [[https://youtu.be/mSEfK0UYz48 had fun with this in Denver Airport]], through doing very basic stop motion animation with himself as the moving object. Somehow, nobody seemed to notice him lying on the chairs in various abnormal positions. He then set the animation to some music.
293* The WesternAnimation/{{Classic Disney Short|s}} "WesternAnimation/NoahsArk" uses figures made of household objects filmed against a flat background. The {{Animated Credits Opening}}s in ''Film/TheShaggyDog'' and ''Film/{{The Parent Trap|1961}}'' were done in a similar technique.
294* Above-mentioned Garry Bardin has made short (5-10 minutes) cartoons with various inanimate objects: [[https://youtu.be/gSWl9IstYvM ropes]][[note]]it's not in any existing language, they're SpeakingSimlish[[/note]], [[https://youtu.be/sHd-VL9RZWs matches]], [[https://youtu.be/yY8OYdbWn6Y wire]]...
295* Experimental 1929 Soviet film ''Film/ManWithAMovieCamera'' includes a sequence using this technique. A camera box opens, and the camera inside exits the box and climbs to the top of a tripod. The tripod then walks away.
296* ''WebAnimation/TheGModIdiotBox'' (a 3D animated {{Machinima}}, mind you) begin using more and more stop-motion techniques throughout its run, giving it a more unique feel compared to other machinima.
297* On the ''Series/SesameStreet'' segment, ''The Teeny Little Super Guy'' series uses a cel character drawn on kitchen appliances. Teeny Little Super Guy is a cel character drawn in a clear Dixie plastic cup.
298* ''WebAnimation/TheMostPopularGirlsInSchool'' uses a special kind of toymation—Barbie Dolls.
299* Youtube Channels ''Jordan Tseng'', ''Moonshine Animations'', ''[=1400VID=]'', and ''[=Counter656=]'' all primarily use Japanese Toys/{{Figma}}, Toys/{{Revoltech}} and [[Franchise/{{Gundam}} Gunpla]].
300** ''プラモ0'' uses ''Toys/BusouShinki''.
301* ''WesternAnimation/SoupeOpera'' uses fruits and vegetables.
302* Short film ''WesternAnimation/{{Manipulation}}'' uses pixilation to animate the live-action hands of an animator, interacting with the cartoon man the animator drew on a piece of paper.
303* [[https://youtu.be/AJzU3NjDikY Tony vs Paul]].
304* Creator/AardmanAnimations produced a series of experimental pixilation shorts called ''WesternAnimation/AngryKid'', straight to the web, sporadically starting in 1999 and revived in 2015. The sets were traditional and life-size, and supporting characters were simply animated puppets on a large scale. The title character, however, was a live actor who was posed and filmed like a stop motion puppet. The added twist is that the actor wore full-head poseable masks that were also animated for facial expressions and lip synch. In the revival, facial animation is CGI instead.
305* ''WebAnimation/DrHavocsDiary'' uses toymation.
306* The ''Toys/FlushForce'' webseries uses toymation using the toyline figures.
307* ''Animation/TheNut1967''.
308* ''Animation/ClubOfTheDiscarded'' uses mannequins animated with stop-motion along with live animals (pigeons and a cat) and live humans (briefly).
309* ''WesternAnimation/PaperPort'' is animated using papercraft.
310* ''WebAnimation/{{Shrapnel}}'' is a post-apocalyptic SliceOfLife story that primarily uses figma figures for the stop motion, with most of the main cast being modified/custom figures, [[MassiveMultiplayerCrossover along with figures and toys from other franchises.]]
311* ''Webvideo/SonicStopmotionAdventures'' uses ''Franchise/{{Sonic|TheHedgehog}}'' toys.
312* Music/TheLindaLindas' video for the song "Talking to Myself" uses this to animate a group of {{creepy doll}}s in the likeness of the band members that get angry because they are excluded from band practice.
313* ''WebAnimation/{{Divus}}'' uses modified and repainted fashion dolls.
314* ''WesternAnimation/UltraCitySmiths'' is made using modified baby dolls.
315* ''WebAnimation/FreshGuacamole'' is done through pixilation.
316* ''WebAnimation/{{Pantsahat}}'' uses figures of [[Franchise/{{Halo}} Master Chief]], [[Literature/FateApocrypha Astolfo]], a small stuffed hippo, a LEGO man, [[Toys/{{Bionicle}} Gangsta Tahu]], Franchise/{{Batman}}, and many more.
317[[/folder]]
318
319[[folder:Stop-motion animation in fiction]]
320* In one episode of ''Series/ICarly'', Spencer is making a stop-motion film, but Carly's GuyOfTheWeek messes it up, causing the final video to be much shorter, with no semblance of a story.
321* In an episode of ''Series/ParksAndRecreation'', a depressed Ben Wyatt spends days making a claymation video of a figure that looks just like him. He's only got a few seconds of footage by the time his friends check on him.
322[[/folder]]

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