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1-> ''"The gamers say we are 'retro', which I think means 'old, but cool.'"''
2-->-- '''Ralph''', ''WesternAnimation/WreckItRalph''
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4An interest in playing older video games. Retro games have had an upswing in interest in the last 10 years as the average gamer gets older, and computers have become sufficiently powerful to [[UsefulNotes/{{Emulation}} emulate]] earlier systems without affecting the gameplay or graphics.
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6Retro gaming generally plays out in a 2-D game space, usually offering gameplay with no determined conclusion other than loss of all lives, often using a simple numerical score or just "getting to the finish" as its game goal. Controls are likely to be simple and non-analog with only one or two fire buttons. For this reason retro gaming has recently become more prominent on mobile phones where these attributes are advantageous to the platform, a platform which encourages simple gaming experiences that are quick to learn, use simple controls and are easy to pick up and put down.
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8Retro gaming, being the infancy of video gaming, was the start of many many gaming tropes and genres. ShootEmUp, BeatEmUp, PlatformGame, PuzzleGame... virtually every genre started here, including 3D gaming. In these times, the hardware was a much more visible limitation of what the games could do, including colour palette, number of things on-screen and even the sound. This practice is where AllThereInTheManual gets its name, where the characters, story and even gameplay mechanics would be described in an instruction manual because it was difficult to do this within the game itself. This is also where the "Console Wars" were born as kids argued over which system was better or worse, a practice that continues to this day.
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10The first perennial question for retro gaming is, "What counts as retro?". Diehard older retro gamers may insist that only pre-[[MediaNotes/TheGreatVideoGameCrashOf1983 crash]] games and systems count, while more liberal definitions have a moving point of retro as any system at least 10 years old (which itself is debated considering modern systems can last that long all on their own). Most people seem to pin their preferred retro gaming system to "[[NostalgiaFilter whatever I was playing when I was 12]]". For some, {{Retraux}} Gaming also counts.
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12The second perennial question for retro gamers is "real hardware versus emulators", generally a question of authentically playing old games on their original hardware or having them run on more modern systems at the cost of accuracy, with pros and cons for each. For original hardware, plugging an old console into a modern TV can add significant lag due to image processing, and may appear especially poor for systems from the mid-90s or earlier, so for some, "original hardware" extends to old [=CRTs=] to play them on, while others may consider buying a device like a [=RetroTINK=] or the [=OSSC=] to improve the picture quality. Buying old consoles and games is also very expensive, and the condition these will be in can affect well how they run, or at all (not to mention where you'll put them). But the upshot is that you'll be playing the games as they were intended, and they'll run, look, feel and play exactly as they when they were created, and for many people that's incredibly important.
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14Emulation on the other hand means taking these games outside of those contexts. For example, some systems relied on effects caused by the fuzziness inherent in their output to allow the illusion of more colours on screen than was strictly possible for the hardware, and the [=CRTs=] they expected to run on had rectangular pixels rather than the square ones of today, meaning that an emulator may not show a retro video game as the makers intended. Some very old systems are nearly impossible to emulate, as they were based on analog hardware, or in the homebrew scene may run on a console that hasn't been emulated at the moment.
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16For example, for someone who grew up with a computer with a particular sound card,[[note]]Particularly, the [=SoundBlaster=] AWE series, which due to bias by the main programmers of [=DOSBox=] who thinks that the Gravis [=UltraSound=] is vastly superior, will probably not see emulation in official releases of the software[[/note]] not having the sound card emulated in UsefulNotes/DOSBox is a good enough reason to go and splash money on the hardware route for some because "the game will not sound like how I remembered it".[[note]]This is especially true with sound hardware, due to the numerous clones of the [=SoundBlaster=]- the most mainstream card in the market- back in the 90s, and how the chipsets of these clones have quirks and slight variances in sound quality compared to the real deal. Put simply, no two clones sound the same, or anything like the real deal for that matter. However it also applies to display cards to a certain extent. An [=SiS=] card will have video quirks that are otherwise not present in an S3 or a Cirrus Logic card, for example.[[/note]] Also, games may not work as well in emulation, due to various factors that can contribute to input/output latency;[[note]]The original Videogame/FZero1990, for instance, can be noticeably more difficult in emulation due to lag, and if played that way too much can actually retrain a formerly-skilled player [[DamnYouMuscleMemory to the point of driving into walls]] on the real thing[[/note]] this is often made worse by attempts to sync the screen refresh to that of the monitor in order to avoid tearing and juddering. The upshot however is convenience: this method is purely digital, you have a vast array of games available at your fingertips, they're free, and the games are so small that a new one is only an instant download away. They can also be used to make the games look better than they did, like render ''Franchise/SpyroTheDragon'' in HD, widescreen and a higher colour depth than was possible on the original hardware.
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18Emulation is also a common way for publishers to re-release their older back-catalogue on modern platforms: take a shot every time VideoGame/SonicTheHedgehog2 is re-released this way. While they can also run the risk of the same problems and inaccuracies as "homebrew" emulation, they are more accessible with no legal grey area, and run on systems you can plug into your HDTV with minimal worries. [[TakeAThirdOption A third option]] is FPGA consoles, which can exactly copy the way the original hardware worked for extremely accurate replication while running the original carts, while also allowing for digital [=ROMs=] and modern conveniences like HDMI output.
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20It is retro gaming that often supplies the sound effects in television and movies to denote that video games are being played, regardless of the fact that ''Franchise/{{Halo}}'' [[PacManFever does not sound remotely like]] ''VideoGame/{{Galaga}}'' or ''VideoGame/PacMan''. While very outdated and often full of {{Narm}}, this works because that soundscape is exclusive to video games, and so is highly unlikely to be confused with anything else.
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22[[http://www.homeoftheunderdogs.net/ Home of the Underdogs]] is a 'digital museum' of underappreciated games, the vast majority of which are fifteen to twenty years old. (Its previous incarnation at http://www.underdogs.net/info became defunct a few years ago due to an apparent lack of funding.) The [[https://retronauts.com/ Retronauts podcast]] (formerly of [=1up.com=]) is dedicated to discussion of retro gaming.
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24There are now museums and organizations set up around the world dedicated to capturing the history and examples of the early years of videogaming, such as the Video Game History Foundation. [[MissingEpisode/DoctorWho Much like early]] ''Series/DoctorWho'' tapes, video game development was thought of as disposable, and little to no effort was made to conserve source code, original artwork and other associated products of the process, with games as recent as 2002's ''VideoGame/KingdomHeartsI'' having all its development resources lost (something that still happens today). Further, early (and not so early) storage media are notoriously unreliable, and efforts are being made to transfer early digital artifacts into more stable form.
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26In the mid-[[TheNewTens New Tens]], the [[Website/WaybackMachine Internet Archive]] began several projects to preserve early video games in danger of being lost. These projects, which allow for in-browser emulation, include the [[https://archive.org/details/internetarcade Internet Arcade]] for arcade games and archives of [[https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_msdos_games MS-DOS]] and [[https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_win3 Windows 3.x]] games.
27!Please do not add examples to work pages, this merely [[Administrivia/DefinitionOnlyPages defines the term]].

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