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Changed line(s) 189 (click to see context) from:
* The US RGM/UGM-109B Tomahawk Anti-Ship Missile (TASM) was introduced in 1983 but retired in 1994. It was a variant of the Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) discussed below. The US Navy has since realized it has fallen behind in ASCM technology and since 2020 is modifying some of its [=TLAMs=] to have an anti-ship mode again, calling them Maritime Strike Tomahawks.
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* The US RGM/UGM-109B Tomahawk Anti-Ship Missile (TASM) was introduced in 1983 but retired in 1994. It was a variant of the Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) discussed below. The US Navy has since realized it has fallen behind in ASCM technology and since 2020 is modifying some of its [=TLAMs=] to have an anti-ship mode again, calling them Maritime Strike Tomahawks.Tomahawks (MST).
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* The Norwegian Naval Strike Missile, which has also been adopted in US service.
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* The Norwegian Naval Strike Missile, Missile (NSM), which has also been adopted as the RGM-184A in US service.
service. Compared to Russian and Chinese designs, it is meant to be stealthy and subsonic rather than very fast to help it avoid interception before impacting its target.
* The US AGM-158C Long-Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM), used by the US Air Force and Navy and air-launch only. It was also under consideration for adoption on surface ships, but the US Navy decided to go with the MST and NSM instead. Like NSM, it is subsonic but stealthy.
* The US AGM-158C Long-Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM), used by the US Air Force and Navy and air-launch only. It was also under consideration for adoption on surface ships, but the US Navy decided to go with the MST and NSM instead. Like NSM, it is subsonic but stealthy.
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Added example(s), General clarification on works content
Changed line(s) 525,526 (click to see context) from:
Active sonar is usually mounted on the ship or submarine's hull amidships or on the bow, but can also be mounted on a towed or variable-depth array as described below, or even on a cable dangling from a helicopter, which is usually called a "dipping sonar". Getting it away from the ship's self-noise is not as big a deal with active sonar compared with passive since the pings emitted are in the hundreds of decibels and the echos can usually drown out the ship itself at any kind of realistic detection range.
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Active sonar is usually mounted on the ship or submarine's hull amidships or on the bow, but can also be mounted on a towed or variable-depth array as described below, or even on a cable dangling from a helicopter, which is usually called a "dipping sonar". Getting it away from the ship's self-noise is not as big a deal with active sonar compared with passive since the pings emitted are in the hundreds of decibels and the echos can usually drown out the ship itself at any kind of realistic detection range. \n \\\
Although its primary purpose is as a sensor, active sonar ''can'' also be used as a weapon; the pings emitted are so loud, and water so conducive to transferring pressure waves, that any person or animal in the water near the ship while it is pinging is at serious risk of injury or death due to ''their internal organs vibrating and compressing''. Navies can thus take advantage of this as a defense against swimmers and divers; though more environmentally-conscious navies will also take measures to try not to kill the local wildlife with it, particularly whales and dolphins.
Although its primary purpose is as a sensor, active sonar ''can'' also be used as a weapon; the pings emitted are so loud, and water so conducive to transferring pressure waves, that any person or animal in the water near the ship while it is pinging is at serious risk of injury or death due to ''their internal organs vibrating and compressing''. Navies can thus take advantage of this as a defense against swimmers and divers; though more environmentally-conscious navies will also take measures to try not to kill the local wildlife with it, particularly whales and dolphins.
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Spelling/grammar fix(es), Added example(s)
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* '''Cold Launch''' systems, where some mechanism, usually a gas generator of some sort, is used to fling the missile clear of the ship before the weapon's motor ignites. These are in some way safer, since there's never any attempt made to ignite the weapon inside the ship, but there is a greater chance of the weapon simply failing to launch due to some issue with the launcher. For surface ships, some consideration must also be made for what happens if the launch system correctly launches the missile but then its motor fails to ignite and gravity takes over. Usually that means angling the launcher so that unignited missiles do not crash back down onto the ship. For submarines this is less of an issue as the water will cushion and carry away any failed missile. This approach is favored by Russia and those using purchased or copied systems on surface ships. Nearly everyone uses it on VLS-equipped submarines, since if enough gas is generated, the missile will have minimal contact with the water before it is airborne. ///
Submarines can also launch missiles from torpedo tubes, which does give them some flexibility, at the cost of added complexity; the missiles must generally be encased in some sort of capsule to survive the journey to the surface before igniting. Obviously loading missiles also reduces the amount of space available for torpedoes.///
Submarines can also launch missiles from torpedo tubes, which does give them some flexibility, at the cost of added complexity; the missiles must generally be encased in some sort of capsule to survive the journey to the surface before igniting. Obviously loading missiles also reduces the amount of space available for torpedoes.///
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* '''Cold Launch''' systems, where some mechanism, usually a gas generator of some sort, is used to fling the missile clear of the ship before the weapon's motor ignites. These are in some way safer, since there's never any attempt made to ignite the weapon inside the ship, but there is a greater chance of the weapon simply failing to launch due to some issue with the launcher. For surface ships, some consideration must also be made for what happens if the launch system correctly launches the missile but then its motor fails to ignite and gravity takes over. Usually that means angling the launcher so that unignited missiles do not crash back down onto the ship. For submarines this is less of an issue as the water will cushion and carry away any failed missile. This approach is favored by Russia and those using purchased or copied systems on surface ships. Nearly everyone uses it on VLS-equipped submarines, since if enough gas is generated, the missile will have minimal contact with the water before it is airborne. ///\n\n\\\
Submarines can also launch missiles from torpedo tubes, which does give them some flexibility, at the cost of added complexity; the missiles must generally be encased in some sort of capsule to survive the journey to the surface before igniting. Obviously loading missiles also reduces the amount of space available fortorpedoes.///torpedoes; and launching missiles in general is a risky proposition for a submarine, since the smoke of the launch will leave a literal trail pointing at the submarine's current position.\\\
Submarines can also launch missiles from torpedo tubes, which does give them some flexibility, at the cost of added complexity; the missiles must generally be encased in some sort of capsule to survive the journey to the surface before igniting. Obviously loading missiles also reduces the amount of space available for
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Added example(s), General clarification on works content
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There are two main types of VLS, each with their pros and cons:
* '''Hot Launch''' systems, in which the missile simply ignites within its cell or tube and flies out of it on its own power. These seem simple on the surface; all that is needed is a system for keeping the missile out of the weather until it is ready to launch, which can just be a door, or even a cover that is designed to be broken through during launch. However, something must be done with the hot gasses produced by the weapon on its way out, so an exhaust system is required. Also, if the missile somehow ignites but doesn't leave the tube, something needs to be done to prevent it from lighting off the rest of the missiles in the VLS magazine, so they need some sort of deluge fire suppression system. Despite those complications, the simplicity of the launch itself does allow for rapid response and there are still relatively few things that can go wrong compared to a rail system, and relatively more ammunition available compared to a box system. This approach is generally favored by the US and its allies on surface ships.
* '''Cold Launch''' systems, where some mechanism, usually a gas generator of some sort, is used to fling the missile clear of the ship before the weapon's motor ignites. These are in some way safer, since there's never any attempt made to ignite the weapon inside the ship, but there is a greater chance of the weapon simply failing to launch due to some issue with the launcher. For surface ships, some consideration must also be made for what happens if the launch system correctly launches the missile but then its motor fails to ignite and gravity takes over. Usually that means angling the launcher so that unignited missiles do not crash back down onto the ship. For submarines this is less of an issue as the water will cushion and carry away any failed missile. This approach is favored by Russia and those using purchased or copied systems on surface ships. Nearly everyone uses it on VLS-equipped submarines, since if enough gas is generated, the missile will have minimal contact with the water before it is airborne. ///
Submarines can also launch missiles from torpedo tubes, which does give them some flexibility, at the cost of added complexity; the missiles must generally be encased in some sort of capsule to survive the journey to the surface before igniting. Obviously loading missiles also reduces the amount of space available for torpedoes.///
* '''Hot Launch''' systems, in which the missile simply ignites within its cell or tube and flies out of it on its own power. These seem simple on the surface; all that is needed is a system for keeping the missile out of the weather until it is ready to launch, which can just be a door, or even a cover that is designed to be broken through during launch. However, something must be done with the hot gasses produced by the weapon on its way out, so an exhaust system is required. Also, if the missile somehow ignites but doesn't leave the tube, something needs to be done to prevent it from lighting off the rest of the missiles in the VLS magazine, so they need some sort of deluge fire suppression system. Despite those complications, the simplicity of the launch itself does allow for rapid response and there are still relatively few things that can go wrong compared to a rail system, and relatively more ammunition available compared to a box system. This approach is generally favored by the US and its allies on surface ships.
* '''Cold Launch''' systems, where some mechanism, usually a gas generator of some sort, is used to fling the missile clear of the ship before the weapon's motor ignites. These are in some way safer, since there's never any attempt made to ignite the weapon inside the ship, but there is a greater chance of the weapon simply failing to launch due to some issue with the launcher. For surface ships, some consideration must also be made for what happens if the launch system correctly launches the missile but then its motor fails to ignite and gravity takes over. Usually that means angling the launcher so that unignited missiles do not crash back down onto the ship. For submarines this is less of an issue as the water will cushion and carry away any failed missile. This approach is favored by Russia and those using purchased or copied systems on surface ships. Nearly everyone uses it on VLS-equipped submarines, since if enough gas is generated, the missile will have minimal contact with the water before it is airborne. ///
Submarines can also launch missiles from torpedo tubes, which does give them some flexibility, at the cost of added complexity; the missiles must generally be encased in some sort of capsule to survive the journey to the surface before igniting. Obviously loading missiles also reduces the amount of space available for torpedoes.///
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!!Paravanes
Paravanes are winged objects towed behind ships. They were often used anti-mine warfare; the paravane's tow cable would snag a mine's anchor, allowing the paravane's fins to cut the wire, and causing the mine to surface, where it could then be destroyed, or else causing the mine to explode against the paravane. A variant was also used for anti-submarine warfare, with a warhead that would detonate once the paravane contacted the submarine's hull. No longer widely used for military applications.
Paravanes are winged objects towed behind ships. They were often used anti-mine warfare; the paravane's tow cable would snag a mine's anchor, allowing the paravane's fins to cut the wire, and causing the mine to surface, where it could then be destroyed, or else causing the mine to explode against the paravane. A variant was also used for anti-submarine warfare, with a warhead that would detonate once the paravane contacted the submarine's hull. No longer widely used for military applications.
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!!Torpedo nets
Torpedo nets were nets strung out to protect ships by hopefully catching and slowing them before they hit. They were typically strung out from booms. These became less effective over time as torpedoes became faster, but would still see use in protecting harbors and structures like dams. They were also useful in preventing frogmen or human torpedoes from approaching.
Torpedo nets were nets strung out to protect ships by hopefully catching and slowing them before they hit. They were typically strung out from booms. These became less effective over time as torpedoes became faster, but would still see use in protecting harbors and structures like dams. They were also useful in preventing frogmen or human torpedoes from approaching.
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Deleted line(s) 554 (click to see context) :
!!Searchlights
Searchlights were used in night combat to illuminate opposing vessels so that the gunners could aim. This came at the cost of making the light source an obvious target. They were used in this role from the dawn of shipboard electricity until the advent of reliable radar; these days searchlights are mainly used for search and rescue and general purpose night illumination, not as a fire control system.
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!!Illuminators and Designators
These devices are used to designate a target for a guided weapon system. They emit a strong source of energy to "illuminate" the target and provide a strong reflection for the weapon to "see" and home in on; in some ways, they are basically more advanced searchlights. Lasers are commonly used in this role for air-to-surface bombs and missiles, and radio transmitters are commonly used as illuminators for surface-to-air missiles. Often the radio version is mistaken by observers as a radar, since the antennae are very similar, except illuminators do not have equipment to receive signals, only to send. They are the source of the phrase "laser-guided" when taken to mean "precise and accurate".
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* The joint US-Austrailian built NULKA is one of these.
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* The joint US-Austrailian US-Australian built NULKA is one of these.
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!!Searchlights
Searchlights were used in night combat to illuminate opposing vessels from the dawn of shipboard electricity until the advent of reliable radar. This came at the cost of making the light source an obvious target.
!!Illuminators
These devices are used to designate a target for a guided weapon system. They emit a source of energy to "illuminate" the target and provide a strong reflection for the weapon to "see" and home in on. Lasers are commonly used in this role for air-to-surface bombs and missiles, and radio transmitters are commonly used as illuminators for surface-to-air missiles. Often the radio version is mistaken by observers as a radar, since the antennae are very similar, except illuminators do not have equipment to receive signals, only to send. The source of the phrase "laser-guided" when taken to mean "precise and accurate".
Searchlights were used in night combat to illuminate opposing vessels from the dawn of shipboard electricity until the advent of reliable radar. This came at the cost of making the light source an obvious target.
!!Illuminators
These devices are used to designate a target for a guided weapon system. They emit a source of energy to "illuminate" the target and provide a strong reflection for the weapon to "see" and home in on. Lasers are commonly used in this role for air-to-surface bombs and missiles, and radio transmitters are commonly used as illuminators for surface-to-air missiles. Often the radio version is mistaken by observers as a radar, since the antennae are very similar, except illuminators do not have equipment to receive signals, only to send. The source of the phrase "laser-guided" when taken to mean "precise and accurate".
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Searchlights were used in night combat to illuminate opposing vessels, at the cost of making the light source an obvious target.
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Searchlights were used in night combat to illuminate opposing vessels, vessels from the dawn of shipboard electricity until the advent of reliable radar. This came at the cost of making the light source an obvious target.
target.
!!Illuminators
These devices are used to designate a target for a guided weapon system. They emit a source of energy to "illuminate" the target and provide a strong reflection for the weapon to "see" and home in on. Lasers are commonly used in this role for air-to-surface bombs and missiles, and radio transmitters are commonly used as illuminators for surface-to-air missiles. Often the radio version is mistaken by observers as a radar, since the antennae are very similar, except illuminators do not have equipment to receive signals, only to send. The source of the phrase "laser-guided" when taken to mean "precise and accurate".
!!Illuminators
These devices are used to designate a target for a guided weapon system. They emit a source of energy to "illuminate" the target and provide a strong reflection for the weapon to "see" and home in on. Lasers are commonly used in this role for air-to-surface bombs and missiles, and radio transmitters are commonly used as illuminators for surface-to-air missiles. Often the radio version is mistaken by observers as a radar, since the antennae are very similar, except illuminators do not have equipment to receive signals, only to send. The source of the phrase "laser-guided" when taken to mean "precise and accurate".
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Added DiffLines:
!!Searchlights
Searchlights were used in night combat to illuminate opposing vessels, at the cost of making the light source an obvious target.
