History UsefulNotes / England

** Prime Minister: UsefulNotes/LizTruss

** Monarch: Charles III

** Prime Minister: Boris Johnson

** Monarch: [[UsefulNotes/{{HMTheQueen}} Elizabeth II]]

** Current Prime Minister: UsefulNotes/BorisJohnson

The Danes later conquered the north and east of England, with UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfWessex being left as the only surviving English kingdom under UsefulNotes/AlfredTheGreat. Under his successors, it steadily expanded at the expense of the kingdoms of the Danelaw, with England becoming politically unified under Aethelstan and definitively established by Eadred in 954. England was then later conquered by Sweyn Folkbeard in 1013 and again his son Cnut in 1016, becoming personally unified with Denmark and UsefulNotes/{{Norway}} as the North Sea Empire and the center of that empire, but the native royal dynasty was restored with the accession of Edward the Confessor in 1042. After a dispute over his succession, England was then conquered by the Normans, Norse settlers mixed with the indigenous Franks and Gallo-Romans of Normandy in UsefulNotes/{{France}}, in 1066, led by [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfNormandy Duke William of Normandy]]. This conquest led to the almost total dispossession of the English elite and its replacement by a new French-speaking aristocracy, whose speech had a profound and permanent effect on the English language.

** Current Prime Minister: UsefulNotes/BorisJohnson

[[AC:Regions of England]]
** UsefulNotes/{{London}} (capital city)
*** BritainIsOnlyLondon
*** Literature/DickWhittingtonAndHisCat
*** UsefulNotes/OneLondonThirtyThreeBoroughs
*** UsefulNotes/TheWestEnd
*** UsefulNotes/{{Whitehall}}
** UsefulNotes/HomeCounties
** UsefulNotes/IsleOfWight
** UsefulNotes/EastAnglia
** UsefulNotes/TheMidlands
*** UsefulNotes/TheWestMidlands (including Birmingham)
** UsefulNotes/TheWestCountry
*** UsefulNotes/{{Cornwall}}
** OopNorth
*** UsefulNotes/FootballPopMusicAndFlatCaps (Manchester and vicinity; also included Liverpool until that city got its own page)
*** UsefulNotes/{{Liverpool}}
*** UsefulNotes/NorthEastEngland
** The Peak District
*** UsefulNotes/{{Todmorden}}
** The Lake District

** Current Prime Minister: UsefulNotes/BorisJohnson

The Danes later conquered the north and east of England, with Wessex being left as the only surviving English kingdom under Alfred the Great. Under his successors, it steadily expanded at the expense of the kingdoms of the Danelaw, with England becoming politically unified under Aethelstan and definitively established by Eadred in 954. England was then later conquered by Sweyn Folkbeard in 1013 and again his son Cnut in 1016, becoming personally unified with Denmark and UsefulNotes/{{Norway}} as the North Sea Empire and the center of that empire, but the native royal dynasty was restored with the accession of Edward the Confessor in 1042. After a dispute over his succession, England was then conquered by the Normans, Norse settlers mixed with the indigenous Franks and Gallo-Romans of Normandy in UsefulNotes/{{France}}, in 1066, led by Duke William of Normany. This conquest led to the almost total dispossession of the English elite and its replacement by a new French-speaking aristocracy, whose speech had a profound and permanent effect on the English language.

London became the largest and most populous metropolitan area in the world during the [[UsefulNotes/VictorianBritain Victoria era]], and trade within the British Empire – as well as the standing of the British military and navy – was prestigious. Political agitation at home from radicals such as the Chartists and the suffragettes enabled legislative reform and universal suffrage. UsefulNotes/WorldWarI started towards the end of TheEdwardianEra; hundreds of thousands of English soldiers died fighting for the United Kingdom as part of the Allies. Two decades later, in UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, the United Kingdom was again one of the Allies. At the end of the Phoney War, Winston Churchill became the wartime Prime Minister. Developments in warfare technology saw many cities damaged by air-raids during the Blitz. Following the war, the British Empire experienced rapid decolonisation, and there was a speeding up of technological innovations; automobiles became the primary means of transport and Frank Whittle's development of the jet engine led to wider air travel. Residential patterns were altered in England by private motoring, and by the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948. The UK's NHS provided publicly funded health care to all UK permanent residents free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation. Combined, these changes prompted the reform of local government in England in the mid-20th century.

** Monarch: Elizabeth II

The Danes later conquered the north and east of England, with Wessex being left as the only surviving English kingdom under Alfred the Great. Under his successors, it steadily expanded at the expense of the kingdoms of the Danelaw, with England becoming politically unified under Æthelstan and definitively established by Eadred in 954. England was then later conquered by Sweyn Folkbeard in 1013 and again his son Cnut in 1016, becoming unified with Denmark and UsefulNotes/{{Norway}} as the North Sea Empire and the center of that empire, but the native royal dynasty was restored with the accession of Edward the Confessor in 1042. After a dispute over his succession, England was then conquered by the Normans, Norse settlers mixed with the indigenous Franks and Gallo-Romans of Normandy in UsefulNotes/{{France}}, in 1066, led by Duke William of Normany. This conquest led to the almost total dispossession of the English elite and its replacement by a new French-speaking aristocracy, whose speech had a profound and permanent effect on the English language.

England's name is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means "land of the Angles". The Angles are one of the [[UsefulNotes/AngloSaxons Germanic tribes]] from UsefulNotes/{{Germany}} and UsefulNotes/{{Denmark}} who migrated to and settled in England during the Middle Ages alongside the Saxons and Jutes, displacing much of the native Celtic Briton population, who now form the Cornish, Welsh and Breton peoples, and fragmenting England into roughly a dozen kingdoms. Before that, England was invaded and conquered by the Romans in 43 AD, becoming known as Britannia province, with their rule ending in 410.

In the 14th century, the Plantagenets and the House of Valois both claimed to be legitimate claimants to the House of Capet and with it France, resulting in UsefulNotes/TheHundredYearsWar between England and France. TheBlackDeath also hit England in 1348, killing up to half of it's inhabitants. The War Of The Roses began in 1453, with the Yorkists eventually losing the throne entirely to a Welsh noble family the Tudors, a branch of the Lancastrians headed by Henry Tudor who invaded with Welsh and Breton mercenaries, gaining victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field where the Yorkist king Richard III was killed.

->Walk upon Englands[b] mountains green:

->The red cross on a white field goes back to UsefulNotes/TheCrusades, when English and French crusaders exchanged colours assigned to them by UsefulNotes/ThePope with each other (originally England got a standard of a white cross on a red field), which was identified with Saint George, a late 3rd-century Roman soldier.