Basic Trope: A long-time friend wants to upgrade the relationship to romance, but the other friend doesn't reciprocate.
Straight: Alice has been friends with Bob since elementary school, but when she returns from a trip abroad to become his girlfriend, she finds that he's hooked up with Carol instead.
Exaggerated: Bob made a Childhood Marriage Promise to Alice, and she shows up in full bridal regalia, ready for the scheduled wedding, only to learn that he's now in love with Ted.
Downplayed: Alice was classmates with Bob in junior high, but although she had a bit of a crush on him, Bob has never been more than a warm acquaintance to her.
Justified:
Bob was more affected by the Westermarck Effect than Alice, and thinks of them Like Brother and Sister.
Double Subverted: But then Bob weasels out of his promise as quickly as possible, because he now fancies Dorothy.
Parodied: Alice, childhood friend of Bob, shows up to romance him...only to discover that "he" was actually a girl all along.
Zig Zagged: Alice shows up, only to find Bob hooked up with Carol. But Bob dumps Carol for Alice because of the Childhood Marriage Promise, only to weasel out of the promise to date Dorothy, but he's still giving Alice mixed signals....
Averted: Any childhood friends that show up just want to be friends like before.
Enforced: "We need a romantic rival to cause problems for the Official Couple and keep some conflict going. How about Bob's childhood Alice shows up, and she's still carrying a torch for him?"
Lampshaded: "You...didn't fall for someone else while I was away, did you, Bob? After all, I was here first".
Invoked: "Bob, you're acting like you don't even know me. I just want to talk to you, It's not like I want to marry you".
Exploited: ???
Defied: "Fall in love with Bob? We were just kids!"
Discussed: "Yes, Carol, Alice does seem to have a crush on me, but we're Like Brother and Sister, no need for jealousy there".
Deconstructed: Alice has let a childhood infatuation run her life for years, robbing herself of the chance to establish healthy romantic relationships with people who might return her affections.
Reconstructed: Bob helps Alice to overcome that infatuation. They both enter healthy relationships at various times, but end up falling for each other.
Enforced: The writer had Alice and Bob know each other from childhood to reinforce their status as the Official Couple.
Lampshaded: "Childhood friends do oftentimes end up together in fiction, so it's not strange that you'd think that way about your own, Bob".
Invoked:
Upon considering possible mates, Bob immediately decides upon and pursues his childhood friend, thinking that since they know each other so well, their relationship will likely be stable.
Bob marries with Alice because he feels he knows her well, as they are Childhood Friends. He realizes that friends don't always make good spouses, and has to deal with this.
Reconstructed: Alice and Bob manage their way through the awkwardness and settle into a very stable relationship.