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alt title(s): Atari Twenty Six Hundred
The Atari Video Computer System, later known as the Atari 2600, but best known as just the "Atari" during its heyday, was the first really successful home video game console system, and only the second to feature interchangeable ROM cartridges that allowed new games to be published and installed without modifying the basic system itself. It also featured plug-in controllers that could be swapped out, allowing new kinds of controllers to be later introduced.

The Atari was wildly successful, and was one of the forces that drove the Golden Era of video games in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Indeed, the sudden failure of the market for Atari cartridges in the wake of the disastrous E.T.: The Extraterrestrial and Pac Man games for the system was the trigger for The Great Video Game Crash Of 1983. With only a few exceptions, most of the classic games of the era had home versions available for the Atari, some (Space Invaders, and Atari's own Missile Command and Asteroids) more successful than others (Pac Man, whose failure to match the immensely popular arcade version disappointed many consumers). It also began the dubious tradition of licensed games, with titles such as Superman, Indiana Jones, and (worst of all) E.T.: The Extraterrestrial.

The simple joystick controller for the Atari 2600, with a stick capable of rendering input in any of eight directions (from four buttons) plus a single fire button, has become an iconic symbol of video gaming in general, and of classic video games in particular. Many early home computers, such as the Atari 400/800/XL/XE and the Commodore 64, also accepted the Atari's joystick controllers, as well as the Sega Master System and Sega Genesis.

Recently, a homescene dedicated to making new games for the system appeared.

Games available for the system included:

Specs:

Processor
  • The CPU is a MOS 6507, a variation of the then popular MOS 6502 with a few nonessential parts stripped out to save money. It runs at 1.19 MHz, which was actually a pretty respectable speed for the time.
  • Even though the system doesn't have a GPU, it still had a separate chip to handle generating the sprites, called the "Television Interface Adapter" (TIA). It had a rather complex sprite generation system, to get around the system's small memory. This made for harder, but more flexible programming.

Memory
  • Memory was very expensive at the time, so the 2600 was made with very little to make it affordable.
  • The RAM is just 128 bytes. You read that right. It's not as though games were that complex, but that's all Atari could afford and still have the machine accessible to the mainstream consumer.
  • This small amount didn't even have a frame buffer. It was still possible to make visual data, but it required a few fancy tricks, hence why the system was complex to program for.
  • Similarly, the system was just built to accept 4 Kilobytes of ROM for a game. The system did last a number of years (even a few years after the crash), and in that time, memory prices went down, and it became affordable to have larger games. The ROM limitation was simply avoided by swapping ROM data in 4 KB chunks, a process called "Bank Switching".

Display
  • The number of colors the system could handle actually depended on the region.
  • SECAM, a French-developed standard that became popular in Eastern Europe, had just 8 colors.
  • NTSC and PAL had over 100 colors, but those were mainly different shades of those 8.
  • For those regions, developers could not only use the greater colors to get more detail, they could use the system's spriting system to get more colors for the sprites than the system would normally allow (such as using two sprites working as one).