The prototypical Anime Chinese Girl is possibly Lynn Minmay (Lin Minmei in Robotech) from Macross, although her this is only emphasized in certain episodes. Technically, Minmay's half-Japanese.
Princess Aska from Magic Knight Rayearth had elements of Chinese Girl. One of the Magic Knights even comments on how she and her entourage seem to be a weird mix of Chinese and Japanese stereotypes.
The Xing have this going on in Fullmetal Alchemist, specifically Lan Fan and May Chang
Ku Fei and Chao Lingshen from Mahou Sensei Negima! seemed unusual in sharing the same trait, until Chao's more specific gimmick was revealed to be time-traveling descendant of Negi's come to Set Right What Once Went Wrong. They both know Kung Fu, but Chao cheats.
Possibly Tenten from Naruto, who definitely invokes the design, despite the fact that her world doesn't seem to have a China. In the databooks, her favorite food is Chinese food. Team Guy as a whole seems to have a Chinese theme going on, from Rock Lee and Guy-sensei being Bruce Lee Clones to Neji Hyuuga's fighting style coming from baguazhang, a Chinese form of martial arts.
Ranpha Framboise from Galaxy Angel has many aspects of the Anime Chinese Girl, including a taste for steamed meat buns, and a Leitmotif that sounds very Chinese.
Bu-ling Huang of Tokyo Mew Mew, and her little sister Heicha.
Fei from Gate Keepers is a particularly noxious example of this trope. She seems hard pressed to have thirty seconds of screen time without squealing "Ayiyi!".
Wang Liu Mei from the Gundam 00 series, although she only wears a qipao in the first episode and it is her Battle Butler and older brother Hong Long that knows kung fu.
In the Cowboy Bebop manga, Faye refers to herself as "an Asian beauty". In her flashbacks, it's shown that she originally lived in Singapore. Though not directly stated in the anime, it's implied that she's Chinese.
Melissa Mao from Full Metal Panic is of Chinese descent but she doesn't follow any of the stereotypes. This is because she's lived most of her life in New York, although she also spent some time in Hong Kong.
The two that do follow this trope's stereotypes, however, are the Creepy Twins Yu Fang and Yu Lan. One of them wore their hair in the Odango hairstyle at one point, and was even wearing a Qipao. And they both know martial arts (a whole lot better than Mao).
Taiwan and Vietnam from Axis Powers Hetalia, at least in looks. Also, the originally male China in the Gender Flipped art (whether fanart or the doodles done by Himaruya himself).
Vivian Wong from Yu-Gi-Oh!. Aside from having her hair up in odango, she goes around waving fans and a duel disk, wears a yellow qipao and apparently knows enough kung-fu to fix Grandpa's back.. or break it, as the case may be. At some point she and Mai Kujaku duel the Paradox brothers on the Great Wall of China.
Darker Than Black has an interesting subversion in Alice, Misaki's childhood friend, who invites her to her birthday party slash mob gathering, which she herself attends in a western-style ballgown, while stuffing a rather embarrassed Misaki into a qipao, complete with odango. Lampshaded by Alice's crimeboss father, who grumbles about her displaying her xenophilic tendencies so blatantly at such an important event.
Ming Chao from Et Cetera. She's a really bright brunette and has the biggest eyes of the whole cast, but hey, she carries a wok on her back!
Chan Lee from Bakugan, and it really shows through her clothing, esspecially in the New Vestroia arc.
Ling Yunque (Suzu) from Amuri in Star Ocean. Except for the martial arts part, but she's got some crazy super powers with Chinese motifs instead, so it all evens out.
Huang Lingyin from Infinite Stratos, though she is only depicted in a qipao in fanart.
Kou Shuurei and all the other female characters in Saiunkoku Monogatari, which is a fictional version of China after all. However, they all wear Han period costumes and not the traditional qipao of the Manchu period.
Tiger & Bunny has Dragon Kid, real name Pao-Lin Huang, the youngest of the heroes. She's a cute tomboy.
Ling Yu of the web-novel Domina, to the hilt. Probably intentional, given her interest in anime.
Live Action TV
Mele from Juken Sentai Gekiranger is an example, though seeing as how Gekiranger is essentially Super SentaimeetsWuxia, she's hardly the only Japanese person in the show to practice Chinese-style martial arts.
Then, there's the android assistant Colon from Choujuu Sentai Liveman. A Chinese robot girl... who moonwalks. And won't hesitate to hop into one of the vehicles and make some People in Rubber Suits eat missiles when the Rangers are in trouble. And her (removable) Odangos do stuff, too.
It's at least heavily implied in the OGverse, whenever she cooks (for some reason they make a big deal of everyone sharing a big meal before the final battle) she makes unspecified Korean food and she is a Black Belt in Tae Kwon Do and ... has a Korean name.
Probably only for the first game. After that she loses her accent and is pretty much indistinguishable from anybody else, except physically.
Hong Meiling from Touhou, whose name is difficult to remember because it can be read as "Kurenai Misuzu" thanks to ZUN not specifying on how it's supposed to be pronounced... When people even bother to remember her name rather than just calling her China. What started as a fan nickname has become all but canon for the girl.
Chen as well, but she's known more as a Cat Girl than this.
Both Meiling and Chen were preceded by Orange in Lotus Land Story, one of the PC-98 Touhou games. Some fans are even convinced that Orange was the prototype for Meiling, since they are both redheaded Chinese youkai who wear predominantly green.
Not to mention Meiling's title in most of the games is just "Chinese Girl".
Chai Xianghua from Soulcalibur, and as an added bonus, she iswas the chosen wielder of the titular weapon and she's top of top tier.
Which is funny, because she is otherwise the most stereotypical Japanese character ever. Her dreams, along with her conversations with her Chinese distant relative note Wang actually isn't her grandfather, despite what others would have you believe and her inner monologues are in Japanese.
Rin Rin from MadWorld she has dual fan blades and the stereotypical Chinese dress. She returns in Anarchy Reigns, this time with her sisters Ai Rin (who uses nunchucks) and Fei Rin (who uses an ice spear).
Kohaku briefly cosplays as one in Kagetsu Tohya, complete with dress and accent (and Triad bodyguard persona). This is sent up in Melty Blood, where her Arc Drive attack also has her acquire the martial arts.
Lily, the treasure hunter, from Harvest Moon: Sunshine Islands
Li Mei from Mortal Kombat could also count. Although she is stated to be from Outworld, her name, dress, and appearance all fit the traditional Chinese stereotype.
Hotel receptionist/Secret Agent Xian Mei in Dead Island.
Leinyan from the DoDonPachi series wears a stereotypical chinese dress, and one piece of artwork for DoDonPachi DaiOuJou Black Label EXTRA shows her serving dim sum at the mess hall.
Li Kuugo from Live A Live, although she's also surrounded with various Chinese People, until the final chapter, IF she's the picked pupil of the scenario.
Meifa Lee from Getter Love!! Works at a Chinese restaurant, into martial arts... yeah, pretty stereotypical.
Laurel Hua (Silver Serpent), daughter of the Iron Dragon (the WU expy for Fu Manchu). She is one of the Bad Seeds (the children of supervillains) at Whateley Academy.
Chou Lee (Bladedancer), has had Chinese-ness forced upon her by her Upgrade Artifact, the magic sword Destiny's Wave. Not only was she physically transformed into a Chinese hottie, but also given a language imprint so deep that she now speaks English with a Chinese accent.
Western Animation
Aja Leith from Jem shares a few characteristics with the trope, although she leans toward the Token Minority aspect (it was The Eighties, after all).
Toph from Avatar: The Last Airbender fits this trope. Azula, Ty Lee and Mai also, since the Fire Nation seems to be based more on Tang Dynasty Chinese and Thai culture, while the Earth Kingdom is definitely more Qing Dynasty Chinese in nature.
