Chandler: Oh, I think this is the episode of Three's Company where there's some kind of misunderstanding!
Phoebe: Oh. Well then I've already seen this one. [Turns off TV]
Phoebe: Oh. Well then I've already seen this one. [Turns off TV]
— Friends
A result of a principal character misinterpreting something. In comedy, this often leads to further and further misunderstandings, each more comical than the last, until things get straightened out at the end of the episode. In dramas, the principal character usually exerts much effort trying to prepare for a "showdown," only to discover at the last second it was "all a huge mistake."
This trope is one of the basic elements of Farce, but can lead to an Idiot Plot. Related to Poor Communication Kills.
See also Public Medium Ignorance.
Subtropes:
- Abuse Mistake: Either non-abuse is mistaken for abuse, or abuse is mistaken for non-abuse.
- Accidental Bargaining Skills: A character is offered a deal and his reaction is mistaken for an attempt to drive the price up.
- Accidental Dance Craze: Someone is moving about for a different reason (Potty Dance, Squirrels in My Pants, feeling itchy, etc) but is mistaken for dancing and the "dance" catches on.
- Accidental Innuendo: YMMV; the creators did not intend anything saucy by the dialogue, but the audience still interprets it as lewd anyway.
- Accidental Pervert: A man unintentionally says or does something near women that makes him look like a perverted creep.
- Accidental Proposal: Somebody falsely thinks that another person is proposing to them.
- Actually Four Mooks: What appears to be one enemy is actually multiple ones engaged in battle.
- Actually Not a Vampire: A person with vampire-like characteristics and habits is mistaken for an actual vampire.
- Actually, That's My Assistant: The big cheese's assistant is mistaken for the one in charge.
- All Part of the Show: Something unexpected happens during a performance and the audience assumes that what's happening is an intended part of the show.
- Ambiguous Syntax: The phrasing of a statement allows multiple, confusing interpretations.
- And You Thought It Was a Game: A character thinks an event is staged but it's not.
- And You Thought It Was Real: A fake situation (such as a roleplay, a work of fiction, or a simulation) or some people practicing for something gets mistaken for something real.
- Apophenia Plot: A string of random events is misinterpreted as having some meaning, often in the sense of a secret or a conspiracy.
- Assumed Win: Someone thinks they are about to be announced winner, but then find out they actually lost.
- Bait-and-Switch Accusation: Someone thinks they're about to be accused of the thing they're keeping secret, but in reality, they're being accused of something different.
- Bait-and-Switch Character Intro: When an Establishing Character Moment is subverted to reveal that the character is entirely different than what was first presented.
- Bait-and-Switch Sentiment: Somebody thinks another character is being sentimental when they're not.
- A Bloody Mess: A red liquid (almost always ketchup) is mistaken for blood.
- Calling Me a Logarithm: Mistaking an unfamiliar word for an insult.
- Cassandra Truth: Somebody is mistaken for lying.
- Celebration Miscalculation: One or more characters think it's a special occasion but it isn't.
- Coincidental Accidental Disguise: A character accidentally ends up looking like something (such as a ghost, a particular monster, etc) and being mistaken for it.
- Common Knowledge: A portion of the audience has a misconception about the work.
- Crying Wolf: A subtrope of Cassandra Truth, when someone who lied before tells the truth but is thought to be lying again.
- Delirious Misidentification: Someone is "not all there" (high, seriously injured, etc) and mistakes someone else for a different, specific person.
- Discriminate and Switch: Someone is mistaken for discriminating against a person for a particular reason, but it turns out there's a different reason they don't like this person.
- Dude Looks Like a Lady: Mistaking a feminine-looking man for a woman.
- Lady Looks Like a Dude: Mistaking a masculine-looking woman for a man.
- Eating Pet Food: A character mistakenly eats pet food, thinking it's human food.
- Entertainingly Wrong: Coming to a completely logical conclusion from what you know and being completely wrong.
- Fake High: Someone eats or drinks something they think is a drug but it isn't, which leads to them mistakenly believing themselves to be drunk or high.
- Fake Rabies: A character (usually a dog) is mistaken for being rabid because of something frothy on their mouth.
- Faux Death: A character is in suspended animation and mistaken for dead.
- File Mixup: Somebody's files get mixed up with someone else's.
- Fooled by the Sound: A character is fooled by a sound, thinking it's something other than what it actually is.
- Fright Beside Them: A character realizes they're in danger when the friend or loved one who they thought was right next to them is actually revealed to be somewhere else.
- Funny Phone Misunderstanding: Someone misunderstands what someone else says on the phone, Played for Laughs.
- Gassy Scare: Someone thinks they're sick/dying, but actually just have gas or need to go to the bathroom.
- Gesundheit: Someone uses an unusual word and another character thinks they sneezed.
- Giant Footprint Reveal: A footprint is so big, it's initially not recognized as a footprint.
- God Guise: A mortal is mistaken for being divine.
- Greatness Mistaken for Failure: A character is so far beyond the norm that their brilliance is mistaken for incompetence.
- Guilty Until Someone Else Is Guilty: A character is incorrectly accused of doing a bad thing, and nobody believes their innocence until the real culprit is revealed.
- Help Mistaken for Attack: A character is trying to help someone, but a third person thinks they're attacking the one being helped.
- I Am Not Shazam: A name in the title of a work, which may or may not be an actual character, is mistakenly assumed to be a name belonging to a prominent character within the work.
- I Am Not Weasel: Mistaking an animal for a species it plainly isn't.
- I Ate WHAT?!: A character eats or drinks something without realising what it is.
- Identical Twin Mistake: Someone gets confused with their identical twin.
- Imagined Innuendo: A character assumes something innocuous is lewd, but the audience knows it isn't.
- Innocent Inaccurate: A naive character mistakes a dark or adult scenario for an innocuous one.
- Innocent Innuendo: A creator does intend the audience or an In-Universe character to interpret something as lewd, but it turns out to be totally innocuous.
- Is That Cute Kid Yours?: An adult is mistaken for the parent of the child they're with.
- Literal-Minded: Someone takes an idiom literally.
- MacGuffin Blindness: Two opposing factions are both looking for a particular object. The object is right in front of them, but they don't realise.
- Mandela Effect: A large group of unconnected people have a false memory.
- Misaimed Stereotyping: A character applies a stereotype to someone who isn't actually a member of the group the stereotype is about.
- Mistaken Age: Having an incorrect assumption on how old a person is.
- Mistaken Confession: A character confesses to something because they wrongly believe the person they're talking to is trying to get that secret out of them. The person they're talking to may think they're confessing to something else.
- Mistaken Death Confirmation: A character's death is confirmed by examination of the body or sure-fire evidence, but this turns out to be wrong.
- Mistaken Ethnicity: A character's ethnicity is confused for one not their own.
- Mistaken for Foreigner: Someone is assumed to not be a native citizen of the country they're actually from.
- Mistaken Nationality: Someone is assumed to be a member of an ethnicity or nationality they're not part of.
- Mistaken for Afterlife: A character thinks they've died and gone to the afterlife.
- Mistaken for Aliens: Oddly-behaving human beings are mistaken for being extraterrestrials.
- Mistaken for Apocalypse: The world is not actually ending.
- Mistaken for Badass: A character is mistaken for being very formidable and competent.
- Mistaken for Bad Vision: Someone who has good eyesight thinks they have eyesight problems when ridiculously absurd/fantastic moments occur.
- Mistaken for Betrayal: Someone is wrongly suspected of disloyalty or treachery.
- Mistaken for Brooding: Somebody mistakes somebody else as being sad.
- Mistaken for Cheating: Someone wrongly believes that another person is engaged in an adulterous sexual affair.
- Mistaken for Clown: A character thinks another character in a strange outfit is a clown.
- Mistaken for Destitute: Someone is mistaken for being homeless and/or impoverished.
- Mistaken for Disease: A character assumes a series of strange experiences are the symptoms of a disease.
- Mistaken for Dog: A character thinks they've gotten a dog or cat or whatever, but instead it's (literally) a different beast.
- Mistaken for Dyed: A person's hair color is assumed to be dyed when it isn't.
- Mistaken for Dying: A misunderstanding results in a person coming to the conclusion that they, or someone they know, is going to die
- Mistaken for Evidence: A suspect in an investigation has something that looks like a clue but isn't.
- Mistaken for Exhibit: A character at a museum/art gallery/etc mistakes a mundane thing for art.
- Mistaken for Fake Hair: A character's hair is mistakenly assumed to be fake.
- Mistaken for Flatulence: A character is assumed to have farted when the sound is actually something else.
- Mistaken for Flirting: A character mistakes a social interaction from another as flirting with them.
- Mistaken for Gay: Someone incorrectly assumes that a straight person is gay.
- Mistaken for an Imposter: The real person is mistaken for someone impersonating them.
- Mistaken for Imprisonment: A character believes that they're being held prisoner but aren't.
- Mistaken for Incest: Two characters in a romantic relationship are mistakenly assumed to be biologically related.
- Mistaken for Insane: One character thinks another is insane.
- Mistaken for Junkie: Someone is assumed to be a drug addict.
- Mistaken for Masturbating: A person is thought to be masturbating when they aren't.
- Mistaken for Misogynist: A man (usually) accidentally says or does something that can be interpreted as sexist against women.
- Mistaken for Murderer: An innocent person is assumed to be a killer because the real killer resembles them, or because they did things that caused witnesses to assume they killed or are planning to kill someone.
- Mistaken for Object of Affection: Someone tries to romance someone else but does it to the wrong person.
- Mistaken for Own Murderer: A transformed or disguised person is mistaken for having killed their true identity.
- Mistaken for Pedophile: An innocent person gets in trouble for statements or actions that give people the impression that they have an inappropriate interest in children.
- Mistaken for Prank Call: Someone phones someone else for a bizarre/unlikely, but sincere, reason (such as "There are monsters attacking" or "You've won a competition") and the person on the other end of the line mistakes it for a Prank Call.
- Mistaken for Pregnant: A woman is thought to be pregnant when she isn't.
- Mistaken for Profound: Something is mistaken for being deep or intelligent when it isn't.
- Mistaken for Prostitute: A woman who dresses provocatively is wrongly assumed to be a prostitute.
- Mistaken for Quake: A large object or creature is shaking the ground and the shaking is mistaken for an earthquake.
- Mistaken for Racist: A person accidentally says or does something that can be interpreted as racist.
- Mistaken for Related: When people think that they or someone else are blood related, but they're wrong.
- Mistaken for Romance: Two people are believed to be lovers when they're not.
- Mistaken for Santa: A character is mistaken for Santa Claus.
- Mistaken for Servant: A character gets mistaken for hired help.
- Mistaken for Special Guest: Someone's expecting a guest who's special in some way (an inspector, a celebrity, etc), and mistakes a random person for the special guest.
- Mistaken for Spies: Someone is assumed to be a secret agent or infiltrator.
- Mistaken for Stray: An animal is incorrectly believed to be a stray.
- Mistaken for Subculture: Somebody mistakes someone else for being in a subculture they're not because of their clothes, hair (or lack thereof) or behaviour.
- Mistaken for Suicidal: Someone is mistaken for being suicidal, because they showed signs of depression and/or looked like they were ready to kill themselves.
- Mistaken for Superpowered: A muggle is confused (by themselves and/or others) of having superpowers.
- Mistaken for Terrorist: An innocent person is assumed to be a violent political extremist. Especially happens to people who are (or get mistaken for being) Muslims.
- Mistaken for Thief: An innocent person is assumed to be stealing something.
- Mistaken for Toilet: Someone mistakes something for a toilet or bathroom.
- Mistaken for Transformed: An observer confuses a person, animal, or object for a transformed character.
- Mistaken for Undead: A living person is assumed to be a ghost or zombie.
- Mistaken from Behind: Someone mistakes a stranger for someone they know because the stranger looks like the person they know from behind.
- Mistaken Identity: Wrongly guessing that someone is somebody else.
- Mistaken Message: Someone writes someone else a note, but another person reads the note and makes a wrong assumption about it.
- Mistakenly Attacked Mole: A mole in an enemy organization is attacked by someone on their own side who mistakes them for an actual traitor.
- Mistook the Dominant Lifeform: Aliens think that we're the ones who aren't sapient and a different species is.
- Motive Misidentification: A character is thought to have a different motivation or goal than they actually do.
- My Hovercraft Is Full of Eels: Someone thinks they're saying one thing in a language, but really they're saying another, silly thing.
- Need a Hand, or a Handjob?: A sexual solicitation is mistaken as a legitimate offer of aid.
- No Longer with Us: A common euphemism for death turns out to be literal or is mistaken for literal by a naive listener.
- No More for Me: A character who is drinking sees something and believes they're drunk and hallucinating.
- Non-Voyage Party: A party for a character is mistaken for a party celebrating their departure.
- Not Actually the Ultimate Question: A character asks a question that's mistaken for a big one, but is quite mundane.
- Not His Blood: A character is mistaken for bleeding but is actually covered in someone else's blood.
- Not-So-Forgotten Birthday: A character thinks another character forgot their birthday but actually they were planning a Surprise Party.
- Not What It Looks Like: A character finds themselves in a compromising position and hastily tries to explain to the others that they're not doing what it looks like they're doing.
- Not Where They Thought: A character mistakes where they are.
- Obviously Fake Signature: A blatant forgery of a signature.
- Otherworldly Communication Failure: Typically caused by or leads to the human characters mistaking the supernatural characters as being malevolent.
- Out-of-Context Eavesdropping: Someone overhears something or intentionally eavesdrops and gets the wrong idea.
- Pain Mistaken for Sex: Sounds of pain are mistaken for sounds of sexual pleasure.
- Please Wake Up: A dead person is mistaken for sleeping.
- Poor Communication Kills: Failure to explain your intentions clearly will have disastrous consequences.
- Possession Presumes Guilt: Someone is presumed guilty of something just because they have something from or associated with the crime/incident.
- Profound by Pop Song: Where one quotes a song and passes it off as ancient wisdom.
- Real Joke Name: Someone's name is mistaken for a joke name.
- Relative Error: A relative is mistaken for a lover.
- Reports of My Death Were Greatly Exaggerated: Someone is thought to be deceased and has to prove to everyone that they are still alive.
- Seeking the Intangible: Someone thinks an intangible thing or concept (such as a voice or a sense of humour) is missing and searches for it like you might search for your hat.
- Seemingly Profound Fool: A person is thought to be a genius but isn't.
- Series Fauxnale: The viewers think this episode is the end of the show, but it isn't.
- Similar Item Confusion: Mistaking one item for another.
- Some Nutty Publicity Stunt: Dismissing a strange event as a publicity stunt.
- Stripper/Cop Confusion: Mistaking a real police officer for a stripper dressed as one or vice versa.
- Suggestive Collision: Two characters bump into each other and look like they're having sex.
- That Came Out Wrong: A character says something that they realize sounds unintentionally sleazy.
- That's No Moon: A character mistakes a huge entity as part of the scenery or environment.
- That Was Not a Dream: A character disbelieves reality, mistaking it for a dream.
- Third-Act Misunderstanding: Someone is keeping a secret from someone else, but then genuinely develops a crush on them, then the character finds out the secret, assumes that they're faking the crush, and rejects them.
- This Billboard Needs Some Salt: A monster eats a food-shaped object, mistaking it for food.
- This Isn't Heaven: A character goes to Hell and mistakes it for Heaven.
- Thoroughly Mistaken Identity: Sub-trope of Delirious Misidentification, when the person is senile or insane and mistakes someone for a different specific person.
- Totally Not a Werewolf: A character is mistaken for a mythical creature and they were using magic but weren't that creature.
- Tragic Mistake: That one mistake that brings everything crashing down for a Tragic Hero, brought about by the character's Fatal Flaw.
- Tragically Misguided Favor: Someone accidentally causes a lot of trouble by doing an unwarranted favour.
- Unprovoked Pervert Payback: A character is mistakenly assumed to be lusting over someone else when they aren't, but is punished for it regardless.
- Unwanted False Faith: A normal person is accidentally mistaken for a messiah.
- Viewer Gender Confusion: The viewers get the gender of a character wrong.
- Viewer Name Confusion: The viewers get the name of a character wrong.
- Viewer Species Confusion: The audience gets a character's species wrong.
- Virtual Assistant Blunder: Your smart device doesn't understand exactly what it is being asked.
- Warning Mistaken for Threat: A character warns another, who mistakes the words for a threat.
- Wrong Assumption: A character believes a trope applies to them when it doesn't.
- Wrong Bathroom Incident: A character (intentionally or not) finds himself in the opposite gender's restroom or dressing room.
- Wrong Genre Savvy: A character is Genre Savvy but in an irrelevant way.
- You Just Ruined the Shot: Someone thinks a person is in danger, but their heroics are met with a director chastising them for interfering with the movie being made.
- Your Costume Needs Work: The real person is mistaken for a shoddy impersonator.
- You're Drinking Breast Milk: A character drinks breast milk, mistaking it for cow's milk.
- Your Tomcat Is Pregnant: An animal is mistaken for the opposite sex (usually involving a female animal being mistaken for male but then getting pregnant or laying eggs).
Examples:
- Coupling does this a bit, too: Sally approaches Patrick's bisexual girlfriend, trying to get a confession that she "fooled around" with Jeff (when no such thing had occurred), and the girlfriend thinks Sally is hitting on her; Jeff talks about how Jane's clinginess to Steve means "he's got an unflushable", and Susan, who just met Steve in the bathroom, thinks it means something else entirely.
- In another episode, Steve and Susan are watching a TV show which mentions the number of men who continue to masturbate when in a committed relationship. In the awkward silence that follows, Steve starts whistling, in an attempt to seem relaxed. He justifies it by saying that he felt like some music but wasn't in the mood for a whole CD. "Sometimes you want a full orchestra, and sometimes you just want a... quick whistle?" Susan tells him that she doesn't mind his whistling, as long as he doesn't get "whistled out." Later in the episode, Susan's parents come round for a visit, and while Susan is out of the room her father mentions that Susan told him that Steve's been "going solo, and Steve interprets it how you'd imagine. This leads to the classic line, "If music be the food of love, then masturbation is just a quick snack between meals." And then Susan walks back in and says, "I was just telling Dad how you've started whistling to yourself." Later in the episode, we see Steve throwing them out for an apparently out-of-line comment, which Steve starts to repeat to Susan before self-censoring the end of it: "With all that whistling, by the time Susan gets home you'll be too tired to—" Susan then finishes it for him to make it clear just how badly he misheard it: "pucker."
- Three's Company:
- From the episode when the main characters met the British Ventriloquist Leslie and his puppet Pamela. Because he kept Pamela a secret for certain reasons (she was kept in a large suitcase that he would not let anyone touch), several misunderstandings came out. First Pamela was mistaken by Jack as Leslie's crime partner after reading a news article on the "Duke and Duchess" (Leslie was mistaken for being the "Duke"), then she's mistaken for being Leslie's girlfriend when Jack lets Janet and Terri hear Pamela's (actually Leslie's) voice through his bedroom wall. There's a case of Mistaken for Murderer when the trio break into Leslie's apartment, and Jack opens the suitcase thinking that's where Leslie kept the stolen money in, only to pull out Pamela's hand. Cue the trio screaming in terror and fleeing the scene in the most hilarious fashion.
- This was lampshaded in an early episode of Friends (which would later still use this trope plenty anyway):
Chandler: Oh, I think this is the episode of Three's Company where there's some kind of misunderstanding.
[Studio audience laughs]
Phoebe: Well then I've already seen this one. [Turns off TV]
- From the episode when the main characters met the British Ventriloquist Leslie and his puppet Pamela. Because he kept Pamela a secret for certain reasons (she was kept in a large suitcase that he would not let anyone touch), several misunderstandings came out. First Pamela was mistaken by Jack as Leslie's crime partner after reading a news article on the "Duke and Duchess" (Leslie was mistaken for being the "Duke"), then she's mistaken for being Leslie's girlfriend when Jack lets Janet and Terri hear Pamela's (actually Leslie's) voice through his bedroom wall. There's a case of Mistaken for Murderer when the trio break into Leslie's apartment, and Jack opens the suitcase thinking that's where Leslie kept the stolen money in, only to pull out Pamela's hand. Cue the trio screaming in terror and fleeing the scene in the most hilarious fashion.
