->'''Kryten:''' Sir, the Space Corps Directives are there to protect us. They are not a set of vindictive pronouncements directed against any one person.\\
'''Rimmer:''' Has anyone ever ''seen'' this legendary Space Corps Directive Manual?\\
'''Lister:''' Well... no.\\
'''Rimmer:''' He's making it up, isn't he? The bloody book doesn't exist!
-->-- ''RedDwarf'', "Quarantine"

All the books, magazines, and newspapers that exist only within a fictional world, from the [[CthulhuMythos Necronomicon]] to the mysteries of [[Main/{{MurderSheWrote}} Jessica Fletcher]]. They are more common in [[Main/{{SpeculativeFiction}} Speculative Fiction]], but not restricted to it.

They serve two main narrative purposes: verisimilitude and {{exposition}}. Jessica is supposed to be an author; it would be bizarre if no trace of the books she writes existed. Reading the Necronomicon may [[GoMadFromTheRevelation frighten the protagonist half to death]], but it also gives the reader an idea of the [[Main/{{Backstory}} backstory]].

Fictional documents are also used to [[LampshadeHanging comment]] [[ConversationalTroping on]] literary tropes, and as aids to characterisation. Characters comparing their own predicament with their favourite book can get very sarcastic about [[ThisIsReality how unrealistic]] it was, while few things so embarrass the [[Main/{{ActionGirl}} Action Girl]] as having her little brother read aloud a few choice passages from her favourite [[RomanceNovel romance]]. Sometimes, however, you may just have to [[Main/{{TakeOurWordForIt}} Take Our Word For It]].

Common types of fictional document include:
* BookOfShadows
* EncyclopediaExposita
* TomeOfEldritchLore
* BigBookOfWar
* ApocalypticLog

If your story is made entirely of Fictional Documents, it's a [[Main/{{ScrapbookStory}} Scrapbook Story]] (so please list it there rather than here); if the [[Main/{{Paratext}} paratext]] quotes from these, it's quoting the [[Main/{{EncyclopediaExposita}} Encyclopedia Exposita]]. And if the story ''itself'' claims to have been written by a character within the setting, it probably falls under the LiteraryAgentHypothesis.

----
!!Examples:

[[foldercontrol]]

[[folder: Literature ]]

* ''The Book of Mazarbul'', the record of Balin's [[ApocalypticLog doomed]] Moria colony in ''TheLordOfTheRings''
** Not to mention ''The Red Book of Westmarch'' itself.
* ''The Encylopedia Galactica'', IsaacAsimov's Foundation series.
* ''The Grasshopper Lies Heavy'', P. K. Dick's ''The Man in the High Castle''
* ''[=~The Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy~=]''
* StephenKing occasionally has characters in one book reading a book written by a writer who was a character in another book, such as Rose (''Rose Madder'') reading Paul Sheldon (''Misery''), or Jo (''Bag of Bones'') reading William Denbrough (''IT''), or Darla (''Lisey's Story'') listening to an audio book by Michael Noonan (''Bag of Bones'').
** I'm pretty sure someone either reads some Bobbi Anderson (''Tommyknockers'') or at least makes reference to a female writer of Westerns who lives in Haven, but I can't remember the specifics. Bobbi's neighbors, however, compare her favorably to "that other writer" from Maine, who writes the stories with all the monsters and cursing (King himself).
** Bobbi Anderson is referenced in ''The Stand''.
* Speaking of Stephen King, a large percentage of ''Carrie'' is excerpts from books, magazine articles, or investigative reports relating to various characters and events.
** King does it again in ''The Regulators'' (under pen name Richard Bachman), interspersing narrative with newspaper clippings, letters, diary excerpts, etc.
* ''The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism'', George Orwell's ''NineteenEightyFour''.
* JorgeLuisBorges LOVED this trope. The biggest example is the collection of short stories called ''El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan'', where all the stories were are fictional books.
* David Eddings ''loves'' these. The prologues of nearly all his books take the form of a fictional document detailing what has gone on before. [[{{Tanto}} This editor]] suspects that each of his worlds possesses a university just so he can justify these documents' existence.
* Juliet [=McKenna=] likes them even more; she [[{{EncyclopediaExposita}} prefaces nearly every chapter]] with a fictional document. Some of them are only [[{{CowTools}} tangentially relevant]].
*''ThePrincessBride'' is a real novel written as if it were the annotated 'just the good bits' version of an even longer novel about the history and culture of the fictional nation Florin.
* Craig Thomas has used this at least twice in his novels, such as ''Wolfsbane'' and ''{{Firefox}}''.
* ''The Book of Night With Moon'' from Diane Duane's YoungWizards series.
* The excerpts from Princess Irulan's various scholarly works (and other people's, for that matter) that [[EncyclopediaExposita appear as chapter headers]] throughout the ''{{Dune}}'' novels.
* ''Mr. Bunnsy has an Adventure'', a Beatrix Potter pastiche from Terry Pratchett's ''[[{{Discworld}} The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents]]''
** Pratchett is very fond of this trope; other examples include ''The Necrotelicomnicon'' aka ''Liber Paginarum Fulvarum'' (a TomeOfEldritchLore), ''The Joy of Tantric Sex with Illustrations for the Advanced Student, by A. Lady'', ''The Book of Going Forth Around Elevenish'', ''The Little Folks' Book of Flower Fairies'', ''The Bumper Fun Grimoire'', ''How to Dynamically Manage People for Dynamic Results in a Caring Empowering Way in Quite a Short Time Dynamically'', ''Wellcome to Ankh-Morporke, Citie of One Thousand Surprises'', and many more, usually parodic versions of real books. The ''[[UniverseCompendium Discworld Companion]]'' includes a full list.
** Several have been [[{{Defictionalization}} Defictionalised]] for merchandising purposes, including ''Where's My Cow?'' (a children's book) and ''Nanny Ogg's Cookbook'' (published in-universe as ''The Joye of Snackes'').
* About half of each the books in ''ThePendragonAdventure'' is journals from Bobby Pendragon himself, detailing his stays and attempts to save the Territories.
* Extracts from ThursdayNext's autobiography are scattered throughout [[ThursdayNext the series of the same name]]. Extracts from others characters' jottings/memoirs also feature prominently.
* In Ayn Rand's ''AtlasShrugged'', one of the so-called intelligentsia writes an article titled "The Octopus" which slams Henry Rearden. Then there's "Why Do You Think You Think?", "The Heart is a Milkman", "The Vulture is Molting", and even a "The Future" magazine. Then there's the laws and regulations and plans, including the "Anti-Dog Eat Dog Rule" to the "Equalization of Opportunity" bill to the "Railroad Unification Plan" to the "Steel Unification Plan". There are even audio versions, with Richard Halley's works and its bastardizations.
* The novels and short stories of Kilgore Trout, a failed science fiction author who's a recurring character in several of Kurt Vonnegut's novels. His 117 novels and 2000 short stories were published by a disreputable porn company and used as filler material for trashy erotic magazines though, so only a handful of other characters have ever heard of Kilgore Trout. His novel ''Venus On The Half Shell'' ended up making the transition [[{{Defictionalization}} from fictional document to real book]] when sf writer Philip José Farmer wrote and published it under the name Kilgore Trout (Vonnegut was apparently not amused, and the byline in later editions was Farmer's own name).
* ''HarryPotter'' has stacks of these, from trading cards to school textbooks to government pamphlets to wizarding comic books.
** Not to mention JKR's predilection for turning some of them into published works (''Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them'', ''QuidditchThroughTheAges'', ''TheTalesOfBeedleTheBard'').
* SpeculativeFiction author Bruce Sterling's short story ''Our Neural Chernobyl'' was written as a ''review'' of a fictional monograph (a non-fiction book on a specific real-world topic) about the "neural Chernobyl," which described the development, release, and consequences of a retrovirus that caused massive growth in brain complexity in almost all mammals, something catastrophic for humans as the process makes humans massively intelligent, but effectively burns out the brain after a while. The story even touches on the book's exploration of the controversial topic of non-human uplifting from the virus, where many animals became much more intelligent, to the point cats developed torture devices to use on mice.
* ''{{The King in Yellow}}'', a fictional play script from the book of short stories of the same name. [[ManWithoutABody This editor]] can wholly recommend you to read the book; if by some sick, perverse twist of fate you find the actual play, ''[[BrownNote do not read it]].''
** [[{{Defictionalization}} The version written by Thom Ryng]] is actually quite good, though it fails to drive its readers or players insane.
* Used extensively in Jack Vance's The Demon Princes series. A lot of the chapters, in fact, start with more or less related quotes from various invented works. Titles mentioned include the many-volumed "Life" by Baron Bodissey or the "Scroll from the Ninth Dimension". Also quite prominent in the story is a fictional magazine named "Cosmopolis".
* In particular, the film ''The Navidson Record'' from ''HouseOfLeaves'' doesn't actually exist, and the protagonist tells you this in the book's introduction. Meanwhile, the meat of ''[[color:blue:House]] Of Leaves'' is an [[EverybodyIsJesusInPurgatory academic analysis]]/summary of said film. A few of the people and books referred to in the analysis's footnotes are real; the vast, vast majority of them are completely made up.
* The French sci-fi writer Bernard Werber frequently uses this device. The ''Ants'' trilogy has fragments from his fictional character Edmond Wells's ''Encyclopedia of Relative and Absolute Knowledge'', which was later published in paperback form under Werber's name. This last detail is egregious since Wells explains in his atypical encyclopedia that he thinks he is turning schizophrenic and the paperback makes it sound as if it were Werber's voice (moreover, Edmond actually dies just before the beginning of the first novel and only appears through flashbacks and the ''Encyclopedia'', and he's a bit of a {{Mad Scientist}} at that). Also, the ''Thanatonautes'' series has fragments from a character's collection of world myths and legends concerning life after death. [[{{Postmodernism}} Yes, you know what it means]].
* Everything published by Whateley Press in the WhateleyUniverse, including "Introduction to the Modern Theory of Mutant Powers, a Whateley Press textbook" by Filbert R. Z. Quintain, M.S., Ph.D., F.A.A.S.
* Used from time to time in ''SwordOfTruth'', mostly in the form of books of prophecy. Being prophesies, they are then [[ScrewDestiny promptly ignored]].
*The BooksOfPellinor are all written as if they are histories of the fictional land the books are based in. The back of the book even includes annotations, a bibliography, family trees and various other fictitious documents.
* ''The Book of Ultimate Truths'' is about a search for the missing chapters of a book called ''The Book of Ultimate Truths'', a book about the secrets of the world.
* ''The Book of All Hours'' in Hal Duncan's duology of the same name.
* And of course the aforementioned ''Necronomicon'', spawned in the [[HPLovecraft Lovecraft]] [[CthulhuMythos horrorverse]] but since widely exported to other canons and other media.
** Now subverted as an actual Necronomicon has been published.
* Much of Karel Čapek's ''{{War With the Newts}}'' consists of fictional newspaper excerpts commenting on the situation with the Newts (and, eventually, the titular war).
* This trope appears as a central theme in the book [[TheDiamondAge The Diamond Age]] by Neal Stephenson. In it, the protagonist girl is given a very high tech teaching book by the name of "The Young Ladies' Illustrated Primer," which also appears as a subtitle of the book.
* Several of the Warhammer 40000: Horus Heresy books have characters talk about an epic called The Chronicles of Ursh. They never go into more detail about it.
* ''Sex Is My Adventure'', Josella Playton's undeservedly-infamous novel in ''TheDayOfTheTriffids''.
* Italo Calvino's IfOnAWintersNightATraveler has excerpts from ten wildly different fictional novels, though the [[AudienceSurrogate Reader]] can never get past the first chapter of each.

[[/folder]]

[[folder: Comic Books ]]

* ''Under the Hood'', Hollis Mason's autobiography, and a ''Tales From the Black Freighter'' comic in ''{{Watchmen}}.''
** Also parts of Dr. Manhattan's back story.
*In ''TheSandman'', Dream's castle includes a library of books that were never written.
* [[TheDCU The DC Universe]] features "true crime" comics of Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, etc.'s adventures, presumably taken from media accounts, etc.; one late 60s Batman story made use of this as its plot (Batman forced to confront the writer of his world's "Batman" comic).
* Superman of course features the great metropolitan newspaper ''The Daily Planet.''
* ''CaptainCarrotAndHisAmazingZooCrew'' features fictional Earth-C versions of some DC Comics characters. Captain Carrot in his alter ego works as a writer/artist for his world's DC Comics, writing stories about "Super-Squirrel", "Wonder Wabbit", "the Batmouse", and the "Just'a Lotta Animals" (though the Zoo Crew later discovered that their "fictional" comics characters were actually real, on the parallel world of Earth-C-Minus).
[[/folder]]

[[folder: Live Action TV ]]

* ''{{Bones}}'' makes frequent reference to the novels that Brennan has written, and one episode includes a series of murders that imitate those in one of her books. (In a playfully meta note, the books have the same title scheme as the Kathy Reichs novels that the series is based on, and "Kathy Reichs" is the name of Brennan's fictional forensic anthropologist.)
* ''Blush'', the fashion magazine whose offices are the setting for ''JustShootMe''.
* The Chronicle, the tabloid from [[TooGoodToLast the short-lived show]] of the same name.
* The fat sci-fi paperback ''StephenColbert's Alpha Squad 7: Lady Nocturne: A [[ParodySue Tek Jansen]] Adventure'' is, inexplicably, not popular with publishers. Colbert eventually decided to self-publish in the form of comic books and animated shorts, both of which ''do'' exist in RealLife.
* Agent [=McGee=]'s novels in ''{{NCIS}}''. Even proves to be a plot point.
* Shortly after the above quote from ''RedDwarf'', Holly beams a hologramattic copy of the Space Corp Directives into Rimmer's hands, proving they exist. It's much thinner than you might think. The rules are apparently in small type.
* In an episode of CornerGas, at the end Brent does a "if you want to find out more, visit your local Library!" segment with the books featured in the episode. One of them he mentions is something "the prop guy made up" but is "a good read".
* The Bro Code, which Barney quotes on various occasions in one episode of ''HowIMetYourMother''. Barney claims it was written by his ancestor Barnabas Stinson on the back of the U.S. Constitution. It is heavily implied that Barney just made it all up, making this a ''fictional'' fictional document.
* Richard Castle's MANY novels in ''{{Castle}}''.
** Well, the Derek Storm novels at least. ''Heat Wave'' is being [[{{Defictionalization}} Defictionalized]].
* On {{Lost}}, Sawyer reads a fictional manuscript for a novel called "Bad Twin" that was later Defictionalized.
** Between season 5 and 6, a fictional documentary TV episode on the DHARMA Initiative has been released.

[[/folder]]

[[folder: Video Game ]]

* Several games have used fictional documents as part of the documentation. Well-known examples include text adventures from {{Infocom}} and {{Ultima}} series.
* MetalGearSolid has a few books mentioned in the game. Most notably one called "In the Darkness of Shadow Moses", a novelization of the events of the first game which is available to read on the main menu of [=MGS2=].
** [[DisContinuity Some consider]] the Gamecube remake The Twin Snakes to be a video game based on the novel, which would naturally embellish certain events, explaining how Snake could kick a missle in mid-air.
* Any number of texts found within ''TheElderScrolls'' games, ranging from popular histories such as ''The Real Barenziah'' and ''A Brief History of the Empire'', through religious texts such as ''For My Gods and Emperor'' and ''36 Lessons of Vivec'', to novels such as ''A Dance in Fire'' and ''The Wolf Queen''. Many of the histories presented within the game are contradictory and at odds with each other, leaving it up to the reader to piece together the history of Tamriel for him/herself.
** This editor's personal favorite is Oblivion's ''The Lusty Argonian Maid''. It's... umm... a novel.
** And Boethiah's Pillow book is unmentionable.
** This troper found a good laugh in ''The Madness of Pelagius,'' after having read ''The Wolf Queen vol. 8,'' which describes an amulet given to Pelagius that robs the wearer of sanity over the course of years.
* This troper still fumes over this trope applying to 'Jacob's Shadow' in [[DeusEx Deus Ex]].
* ''MonkeyIsland 2'' has an entire library of fictional documents, mostly comprised of various jokes, in-jokes, and parodies.
* The ''Emigre Document'' of ShadowHearts, seemingly based on the untranslatable ''Voynich Manuscript'' carries in it all manner of [[DangerousForbiddenTechnique dangerous knowlege]] including resurrection. That part always fails in the most catastrophic ways possible, usually summoning [[CosmicHorror soulless abominations]] from your loved ones corpse to devour them and you as well. [[spoiler:Except for two recorded times. And in the first example, the corpse couldn't take the stress and dissolved before the process finished.]]
** If that is not Lovecraftian enough, also available is the ''R'lyeh Text'', translated as ''Codex of Lurie'', which I believe you find in a nudie mag.
* In the vein of plot-important fake books is ''In-Laqetti'', of Persona2 fame. A composition of [[SoYouWantTo/WriteAConspiracyTheory patchwork conspiracy]] including aliens, Mayans, and [[AdolfHitler Master-D himself]], which would apparently cause the [[EarthShatteringKaboom world to go bye-de-bye]]. Thanks to a bit of [[WordsCanBreakMyBones kotodama]] and extreme Wikiality, things start coming true.
* The hugely popular novel (and later play) LOVELESS is frequently quoted by Genesis in ''FinalFantasyVII Crisis Core'', It's apparently very moving, but we never find out what the novel is actually about.
* BaldursGate is full of these. Some provide plot-relevant information ("The History of the Dead Three") other just notes on the setting. One is a recipe for cookies.
* In BeyondGoodAndEvil, Jade's sidekick Double H quotes passages frequently from the the 'Carlson & Peeters' military manual, a BigBookOfWar. While the player eventually does see a section of the book in digital form, most of what we know about the book is from Double H offering advice from the book as quoted passages: "If you can't go through a door, go around it!". Perhaps one of the few fictional documents which also serves as inspiration for someone's BattleCry.

[[/folder]]

[[folder: Web Comics ]]

*''GunnerkriggCourt'': While researching the minotaur, Antimony was unimpressed with ''Gainsbury World Mythology'' and ''Mythology 4 Kidz!'' as sources. Later, she's seen reading ''TannhauserGate'', and Kat borrows ''Important Stuff (Like Science)'' from the library.
* In part 2 of the Lebanese comic [[http://www.malaakonline.com Malaak: Angel of Peace]], a collage of fictional newspapers is used on one page to suggest that the heroine has piled up missions and has been noticed by the general public. The papers' titles and contents (ads included) are all parodies of actual papers and places.
* The various popular Heterodyne Boys pulp novels in GirlGenius.
* The various mad science journals (including the New Journal of Malology) from ''Narbonic''.

[[/folder]]

[[folder: Western Animation ]]

* ''The Shepherd's Journal'' in ''[=~Atlantis: The Lost Empire~=]''.
* One episode of ''KimPossible'' features the "classic novella" ''Lo The Plow Shall Till The Soil Of Redemption''. One critic describes it thusly: "snobby, pompous, overwritten, and the pictures [are] in black and white!"


[[/folder]]

[[folder: Print Media ]]

* ''CalvinAndHobbes'' has ''Hamster Huey and the Gooey Kablooey'', as well as ''Chewing'', a magazine about chewing gum. (Also, ''Commander Coriander Salamander And 'Er Singlehander Bellyander'', the sequel to ''Hamster Huey'' is mentioned once.)
* ''{{Peanuts}}'' made reference to a whole series of books starring ''The Six Bunny-Wunnies'' on various adventures, authored by one Helen Sweetstory. Over a dozen titles were given, each usually mentioned only once, but ''The Six Bunny-Wunnies Freak Out'' is the most widely remembered for having been banned by the local school board and subsequently championed by Linus.

[[/folder]]

[[folder: Film ]]

* ''MirrorMask'' has "The Really Useful Book" and "A Complete History of Everything"
* In the original novel ''Frankenstein'', the actual method of bringing [[FrankensteinsMonster the Monster]] back to life is never detailed. In the MelBrooks film ''YoungFrankenstein'', this fact is parodied by the discovery of a book by Frankenstein entitled simply ''How I Did It''.

[[/folder]]

[[folder: Tabletop Games ]]

* MagicTheGathering has numerous fictional documents that are quoted in cards' flavor text and in some of the novels and comics. Some of the notable ones include ''The Antiquities War'', an epic poem about the Brothers' War that the comics and novel are [[LiteraryAgentHypothesis supposedly based on]]; ''Sarpadian Empires'', whose first six volumes are quoted in Fallen Empires flavor text and whose seventh volume was printed as a card in Time Spiral; and ''The Underworld Cookbook'', which is only quoted on three cards (one of which is from the self-parody expansion Unhinged), but whose author's name, Asmoranomardicadaistinaculdacar, is the longest word ever to appear on a Magic card. ''The Love Song of Night and Day'' actually exists and was written as part of the worldbuilding for the Mirage expansion, and can be read [[http://www.wizards.com/Magic/Magazine/Article.aspx?x=mtgcom/feature/145 here.]]
* A pair of [[{{Defictionalized}} meta-examples]] from DungeonsAndDragons: ''The Book Of Exalted Deeds'' and the ''Book Of Vile Darkness'', which exist as powerful artifacts in-universe and useful splatbooks out-of-universe.
** Furthermore, this editor has encountered all-too-many wizards and other book-collector type PCs and NPCs who have a copy of the Monster Manual or the Campaign Setting Guide to ''a different campaign setting'' among their libraries.
** ''ForgottenRealms'' uses it via its LiteraryAgentHypothesis: at least ''Aurora's Whole Realms Catalogue'' and every ''Volo's Guide to [blank]'' are supposed to be "actual" books printed on Toril, and some others, like ''Elminster's Ecologies'' mostly consists of various in-'verse {{exposition}} texts.
* The ''Ravenloft'' campaign setting features the Tome of Strahd, an exceedingly rare manifesto written by Strahd von Zarovich which serves as the foreword of the Ravenloft sourcebook. Also, and more popularly, there are the Van Richten's Guides, written by famed doctor and monster hunter Ruldolph van Richten. Copies of these books are published and distributed by the doctor's office and serve as guides on proper hunting techniques. Often, Dr. van Richten complains in his books that there are so many other inferior and incorrect works on monster hunting in existence that he sees it as his duty to put out properly researched guides that won't get novice hunters killed. Out of universe, the Guides exist and are written in the author's voice for the fluff sections, though it is assumed that any crunchy statistics and in-game information is ghosted out of the in-universe versions.
* Much of the rich background information for ''{{Warhammer 40000}}'' is conveyed through quotes, [[AfterActionReport after-action reports]], or excerpts from fictional investigations, histories, or [[ApocalypticLog journals]]. In an example of {{Defictionalization}}, one such book, ''The Imperial Infantryman's Uplifting Primer'', has actually been published.

[[/folder]]

[[folder: Anime and Manga ]]

* Much of ''PrincessTutu'''s plot revolves around the fictional fairytale ''The Prince and the Raven''.
* Near the end of the ''ChronoCrusade'' manga, there's quotations from both Mary Magdalene's prophecies, and Azmaria's memoir. It's implied that at least some of the manga is "based on" the book Azmaria wrote.
* ''DNAngel'' has a plotline focused around the fictional fairytale ''Ice and Snow''--which turns out to be the edited, abridged version of the original tale, ''Ice and Dark''.
* The villain of ''{{Monster}}'' bases his identity on a [[MindRape brainwashing]] children's book. The story, along with several others, is reproduced in the series with full text and illustrations.
* ''{{Chobits}}'' features a picture book which corrosponds to the main character so completely that is becomes of little wonder when its revealed that [[spoiler: it was written specifically for her.]]

[[/folder]]

[[folder: Misc ]]

*This troper has yet to find any evidence that ''InstrumentOfGod'' exists outside this wiki.
**[[{{Zephid}} This troper]] found some red links to ''InstrumentOfGod'' in the entry for the Great Gazoo on TheOtherWiki.
** You can actually download a PDF copy of the book from its website: http://www.in-the-matter-of.com/instrument.pdf
** Similarly, this troper has yet to find any evidence that the anime ''Goro Goro Iki'' exists other than on TheOtherWiki and in lists of anime series that might just be copied from it. The page has been up for some time without getting deleted...
*** This troper heard a random reference to it in a LetsPlay, dubbed "The only watchable anime" by the reviewer. Then again, he could just be pulling legs...
*** Well, as it turned out, it was eventually deleted, so it is a hoax after all.

[[/folder]]

[[folder: Web Original ]]

* The entry on the [[{{precursors}} Jormungand Imperium]] in ''OpenBlue'''s [[AllThereInTheManual Worldbook]] quotes multiple fictional documents as the source of information for the otherwise completely unknown lost civilization.

[[/folder]]

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