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* [[Characters/Timeline191UnitedStatesofAmerica The United States]]
* [[Characters/Timeline191ConfederateStatesofAmerica The Confederate States]]

[[foldercontrol]]
!!Blacks
!!![[foldercontrol]]

[[folder: Congaree Socialist Republic ]]

[[folder:Cassius]]
The hunter for the Marshlands plantation, Cassius is a secret Marxist revolutionary who becomes Chairman of the Congaree Socialist Republic during the Great War. A committed and fanatical revolutionary, Cassius is willing to burn down the entire CSA in order to better the Confederacy's blacks.
----
* CharacterDeath: At the end of ''Breakthroughs'' when he's shot by Confederate soldiers.
* ColdSniper: As the Marshlands' hunter, Cassius is a ''very'' good shot, and has ice water in his veins.
* DirtyCommunists: A hardcore Marxist.
* DoomedMoralVictor: Cassius' revolution ultimately fails, but his actions help bring the Confederacy to its knees in the face of the Union onslaught. Things get even worse for African-Americans afterwards, with anti-black riots and the election of the genocidally-inclined Freedom Party, which attempts to eradicate every one of the Confederacy's black residents. Yet in the end, it's Cassius namesake, Cassius Madison who brings down the Confederacy, and the newly Re-United States grants blacks equal rights with whites.
* EnemyMine: He doesn't harbor any particular love for the United States but he happily accepts the weapons they covertly send to help arm his rebellion.
* EvilVersusEvil: Cassius is a bad man, no doubt, but Anne Colleton and the rest of the Confederates he's up against are even worse.
* GloriousLeader: Of the Congaree Socialist Republic.
* HangingJudge: As Chairman of the Congaree, Cassius acts as a judge at the People's Tribunals. Unsurprisingly, he doesn't vote to spare a lot of white plantation owners.
* ImAManICantHelpIt: Invoked when he needs an excuse for why he disappeared from the Marshlands for several days in a row. He claims that he was out hitting on a girl at another plantation.
* KangarooCourt: Runs People's Tribunals in which he executes white plantation owners after trials that last a few minutes.
* KnowWhenToFoldEm: Surprisingly yes. When Confederate troops crush the Congaree Socialist Republic, Cassius allows most of his revolutionary comrades to flee, even while he himself retreats into the marshes to carry on fighting.
* TheLeader: Of the Congaree Socialist Republic.
* ManipulativeBastard: Plays Anne Colleton, Scipio, and everyone else with relative ease.
* MeaningfulName: He's named for [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Cassius_Longinus Gaius Cassius Longinius]], one of the ringleaders of the plot to assassinate UsefulNotes/JuliusCaesar. It's a fitting name for a revolutionary leader, and may double as a case of NamesToRunAwayFromReallyFast.
* NoHistoricalFiguresWereHarmed: It's harder to spot than many, thanks to his skin tone and dialect, but as the charismatic leader of the Confederacy's black socialists, Cassius is the stand-in for UsefulNotes/VladimirLenin.
* ObfuscatingStupidity: In front of Anne Colleton and other white authority figures Cassius plays to every Confederate stereotype about brainless Negroes who can only think with their reproductive organs in order to hide just how smart he is. That he's even literate, let alone running a Communist revolution, comes as an enormous surprise to the likes of Anne.
* TheRevolutionWillNotBeCivilized: Mass murder and threats of mass rape are not beneath Cassius.
* ScaryBlackMan: Absolutely terrifying in his commitment to the revolution, and a crack shot with his hunting rifle.
* ShortLivedBigImpact: All told, he's only in three books and is never a P.O.V character but him being a leading figure in the Red Rebellion had lasting consequences all the way up through the end of the series.
* SmarterThanYouLook: Cassius' low-brow dialect and backwoods accent conceal a very capable intellect.
* UnholyMatrimony: With fellow revolutionary Cherry.
* VillainousFriendship: For all the doubts that the two of them have about each other, and all the mutual distrust and suspicion, Cassius does seem to consider Scipio a friend, and helps him escape the Congaree Socialist Republic at the end.
* WellIntentionedExtremist: Cassius is a brutal revolutionary who has no problems disregarding UsefulNotes/TheLawsAndCustomsOfWar, or killing anyone who is deviating from the revolutionary path. At the same time, he genuinely believes that the CSA's blacks (and poor whites for that matter) will be better off after his revolution.
* WhereDaWhiteWomenAt: Invoked and parodied. When the CSA threatens to hang every black revolutionary they get their hands on, Cassius responds by threatening to rape every white woman living in Congaree territory. The Confederates, convinced that all blacks have an innate desire to rape white women, immediately back off.
[[/folder]]

[[folder:Scipio]]
The butler at the Marshlands plantation, Scipio can talk like an educated white man. More or less against his will, he is dragged into Cassius' Red revolution, and acts as their face in dealings with the Confederacy. In the aftermath of the collapse of the Congaree Socialist Republic, he finds himself on the run.
----
* ActionSurvivor: [[spoiler: (Until he isn't, at least.)]] Especially during the Red Revolution, Scipio is drawn into a ''lot'' of dangerous situations -- none of them by his own choice. He has no aspirations to heroism, using his wits and skills simply to get out of these situations alive.
* DroppedABridgeOnHim: Dies in a Freedom Party gas chamber.
* GuileHero: repeatedly uses his upper-class white man's voice to survive or get the upper hand on his enemies. When he's reluctantly dragged into one of the many black Marxist uprisings in UsefulNotes/WorldWarI, he becomes the 'face' of the Congaree Socialist Republic, because his accent and erudition deeply unsettle the various white officers he negotiates with occasionally. Later, after he's escaped to Georgia, and is living under a new name, during the various anti-black riots that break out during the Great Depression, he uses his education to convince a white rioter that he's one of the leaders of the pogrom. The rioter even calls him 'sir.' The reason for this is that, in the CSA, accent is closely tied to class, and so, while his skin says that he's barely better than a slave, his accent says he's a Senator.
* HeroicNeutral: Most of his actions are simply to survive and/or protect his family
* KnowWhenToFoldEm: Scipio never wanted to be part of the socialist revolution, and went along with it only because it was clear they were taking over the area and would kill him if he protested. He always has a very realistic view of what's going to happen to the revolution, and is the first to counsel retreat or surrender when it's clear that they've failed.
* ObfuscatingStupidity: From his first introduction, Scipio is shown to be adept at 'code-switching'. He frequently uses this to his advantage, using a black Congaree accent and feigning lack of understanding when he needs to convince white characters that he's unimportant, and adopting erudite, upper-class speech patterns when he wants to be seen as a person of consequence.
* OnlySaneMan: The ''only'' reason Anne Colleton spares him after his involvement in the black Marxist uprising is because Scipio did his best to restrain Cassius' excesses. He is also the Only Sane Man in the sense that he seems to be the only member of his revolutionary cell who makes a realistic assessment of its chances for success.(Which would be somewhere between slim and none.)
* TheSmartGuy: The brains of the Congaree Socialist Republic, however reluctant a participant he was in it.
* SympatheticPOV
* TooCleverByHalf: Remarked on by most white people who really get to know him.
* VillainousFriendship: Scipio is hardly villainous, but Cassius certainly is. The two of them have serious issues with one another, Scipio disliking Cassius' revolutionary dogmatism and brutality, and Cassius doubting Scipio's loyalty to the cause. Yet in the end the two of them are friends, and Scipio ultimately names his son after his old revolutionary comrade.
* YouAreACreditToYourRace: As in the case of Cincinnatus, this happens to him a lot. Jerry Dover notes that if Scipio were a white man, he'd probably be a lawyer or a Congressman.
[[/folder]]

!!![[/folder]]

[[folder: Other Characters ]]

[[folder:Cassius Madison]]
Scipio's son, whom he names for his old revolutionary comrade. He manages to dodge the gas chambers and join a guerilla band led by Gracchus. During ''In At The Death'', he is the one who ultimately kills Jake Featherston.
----
* ArsonMurderAndAdmiration: He and Clarence Potter express these sentiments about one another during their single meeting.
* TheCynic: Just being a black in the CSA will make a cynic out of you, but after living through the genocide, Cassius has few, if any, illusions left.
* DeadGuyJunior: A rather sarcastic one too, given the rocky relationship between Scipio and the original Cassius.
* DeadpanSnarker: Cassius inherited his father's (and his namesake's) penchant for sarcastic commentary.
* HollywoodAtheist: Played with. Cassius was already leaning towards atheism when his family was captured in a church and sent to a death camp convincing him that god cannot possibly be real.
* MeaningfulName: In-universe. Like the man he was named for, he takes up arms against his white Confederate oppressors, and ultimately finishes the original Cassius' job, bringing down the CSA with a single shot.
* NamedAfterSomebodyFamous: Named for the leader of the African-American revolutionary movement, though he himself doesn't necessarily know it.
* LaResistance: As part of Gracchus' revolutionary band.
* SympatheticPOV: Easily one of the most sympathetic characters, in fact, given all that's happened to him.
* YouAreACreditToYourRace: Even people who don't like blacks will open doors for the kid who killed Jake Featherston.
* YouKilledMyFather: Shoots Jake Featherston for having his family murdered.
[[/folder]]

[[folder:Cincinnatus Driver]]
A driver for a Confederate company, Cincinnatus becomes involved with both the Confederate and Red undergrounds during the Union occupation of Kentucky, before ultimately deciding that his alleigance lies with the United States.
----
* BadassDriver: From the beginning. He eventually becomes a Union auxiliary, driving supply trucks for the US Army.
* DoubleReverseQuadrupleAgent: During the early parts of the series, where he plays the CS underground, the Red rebels, and the Union against each other.
* HeelFaceRevolvingDoor: Of a sort. During the Great War novels, he considers the USA to be ''slightly'' better than the CSA, but still rotates between working for them, the CSA, and the Reds, mostly just trying to stay alive. However he firmly settles on face during WWII, when he signs up with the American Army for the express purpose of crushing the CSA.
* OddFriendship: With Apicus and Lucullus Wood, whose politics he disdains, but is friends with nonetheless.
* ParentsAsPeople: Tries his best to be a good father to Achilles and Amanda, despite his lack of education and the demands of first his job and then the war.
* SympatheticPOV: From ''American Front'' to ''In At The Death''.
* TookALevelInBadass: Not at first, but as the series progresses he takes immense levels in it.
* TooCleverByHalf: The opinion of most of the racists who meet him.
* YouAreACreditToYourRace: Gets hit with this a lot by white characters.
[[/folder]]

!!Canadians

!!![[/folder]]

[[folder: Canadian Resistance ]]

[[folder:Arthur [=McGregor=]]]
A Canadian farmer who lives with his family in Rosenfeld, Manitoba. A Canadian patriot who opposes the American incursion into, and eventual occupation of, his homeland, Arthur nonetheless unwillingly cooperates with the Yanks until they shoot his son, Alexander, for sabotage. Then he embarks on a desperate quest for revenge.
----
* BerserkButton: Do ''not'' suggest his son may actually have been guilty of the deeds for which he was executed.
* CreateYourOwnVillain: Arthur turns from a farmer, determined to stay out of the conflict, to a committed terrorist and saboteur when the occupying forces accuse his son of blowing up a train and execute him. Arthur is certain that his son was innocent, and was executed for being friends with the wrong people. [[AmbiguousSituation It's never entirely clear whether that's true or not.]]
* GrenadeHotPotato: Ends up playing this with Custer. [[spoiler: Loses.]]
* LaResistance: A one-man version of after his son is executed by the U.S. occupying forces on charges of sabatoge. [[spoiler: At least until he plays GrenadeHotPotato with Custer]].
* LaserGuidedKarma: Let's just say he pays for his actions in a very, very appropriate way.
* PapaWolf: Arthur hated the occupying Americans from the start, but insisted that his family take no part in the fighting, in hopes of keeping them safe. When his son is accused of attacking a troop train and executed, he begins to wage a one-man guerilla war against the American forces.
* RevengeBeforeReason: His driving motivation for most of his story arc.
* SympatheticPOV: Operates more like a true member of LaResistance than a terrorist, targeting only US military personnel (he doesn't even attack Canadian collaborators, due to his first attack, in which he intended to kill an American officer and collaborator, going horribly wrong and killing the collaborator's innocent son, who was the same age as his own executed son) and seeking to limit the damage he inflicts. And what father, given the means, ''wouldn't'' seek to avenge the death of his son at the hands of foreign soldiers?
[[/folder]]

[[folder:Mary [=McGregor=] Pomeroy]]
Younger daughter of Arthur [=McGregor=], Mary is just as ardent a Canadian patriot as her father, and just as eager for revenge on the Yankees who killed her brother [[spoiler: and father]]. She takes up her father's methods, and learns from his mistakes. Unlike her father, who did his best to strike military targets (and thus was more akin to a soldier, and retained considerable sympathy), Mary is essentially a terrorist and targets anyone, including [[spoiler: Jonathan Moss' Canadian wife and child]]. Also unlike her father, [[spoiler:she is ultimately captured and executed]].
----
* IAmNotMyFather: Invoked. Mary's first line of defense, when she's suspected in various bombings, is to try to persuade authorities that this is the case, and that she's being persecuted because of her parentage. It's complete [=BS=], of course; the only way in which she's not like her father is that she's a ''lot'' more ruthless.
* IgnoredEpiphany: When she learns that her bomb killed [[spoiler: Dorothy Moss, a very young child]], Mary questions whether what she did was wrong. Don't worry, she gets over it in less than half a page.
* MoreDeadlyThanTheMale: She is more patient, more methodical, and generally more effective than her father in their shared cause. That said, Mary prefers murdering innocents to targeting soldiers, and thus avoids the high security surrounding American military installations in Canada.
* PursuingParentalPerils: She takes up her father's one-man terror campaign against the U.S. conquest of Canada.
* RevengeBeforeReason: Like father, like daughter.
* TheRevolutionWillNotBeCivilized: ''And how!'' Becomes a terrorist to continue her father's resistance. [[spoiler: Becomes a martyr for the Canadian rebels in UsefulNotes/WorldWarII.]]
* [[TurnOutLikeHisFather Turn Out Like Her Father]]: Maude [=McGregor=] tries in vain to dissuade Mary from following in Arthur's footsteps.
* WouldHurtAChild: If that child is American -- or half-American.
* [[SympatheticPOV Unsympathetic P.O.V.]]: Like Roger Kimball, Mary is horrifyingly evil, despite, again, her crimes being paltry compared to those of far more sympathetic characters. Even the fact of her relatively normal home life, with a husband and child, does little to temper her evil, as almost every one of her entries involves her carrying out, plotting, or mentally cackling about the prospect of slaughtering innocents with explosives.
[[/folder]]

!!![[/folder]]

[[folder: Others ]]

[[folder:Lucien Galtier]]
A Quebecois farmer who lives with his family near the small town of Riviere-du-Loup. He is initially opposed to the American occupation of Canada, but becomes reconciled to the Americans when his daughter marries one.
----
* BilingualBonus / ForeignCussWord / PrecisionFStrike: Provides the reader with a thorough grounding in French Canadian profanity over the course of the series.
* LesCollaborateurs: A very ambiguous example. Galtier hates the American occupiers, but never takes any real action for or against them, even after they seize his crops and seize part of his land to build a field hospital. Eventually, his daughter falls in love with an American doctor, and Galtier gives his blessing for them to get married. He notes several times how odd it is that he hates the Americans less and less, and how conflicted he feels about it.
* DownOnTheFarm: Galtier is never seen outside the context of the day-to-day business of his farm and family.
* TheEveryman: Moreso than most other characters, as he's never directly involved in the fighting but nonetheless has his life turned upside down by its consequences.
* MayDecemberRomance: Leads to his [[spoiler: OutWithABang]].
* NonHumanSidekick: Some of the best (and funniest) dialogue in the series takes place within the context of Lucien's one-sided conversations with his draft horse on the way to and from market.
* ReallyGetsAround: But at least he waited until after his wife had died.
* SilverFox: Implied.
* SympatheticPOV: The most sympathetic of the Canadian characters (although he's no longer Canadian at the end). Generally friendly and the ''only'' POV character who hurts or betrays ''no one'' (other than himself) in the entire series!
[[/folder]]

[[folder:Wilf Rokeby]]
Postmaster in Rosenfeld, Manitoba; conduit for rumors and information spread by everyone (both Canadians and occupation troops) in town.
----
* BuryYourGays: One of only a couple of characters who are even ''hinted'' at as being gay in the entire series, although it's never outright stated and his portrayal is mainly through the eyes of the [=McGregors=], who have their own biases concerning him. [[spoiler: Ends up in prison after Mary [=McGregor=] sets him up as working for the resistance. As he is not a young man--Rokeby was ready to retire when this took place--and the occupation forces are not known for being gentle, his ultimate fate does not appear kind, though it takes place off-page.]]
* DoubleReverseQuadrupleAgent: Informed Arthur [=McGregor=] of the location of the officer who killed his son, allowing [=McGregor=] to exact revenge. Only later does [=McGregor=] [[OhCrap realize that Rokeby may be sending information]] on ''him'' to the occupation as well. Mary also suspects Rokeby of working for the occupation when he cautions her on continuing her father's activities.
* GoneHorriblyRight: Mary [[spoiler: plants evidence in Rokeby's post office that implicates him as part of a resistance cell. In fact, Rokeby was loyal to the occupation and [[LaserGuidedKarma reveals information that leads to Mary's eventual capture]] even though he was imprisoned himself on other charges.]]
* TheQuisling: Although he was postmaster when Canada was still independent, the [=McGregors=] suspect him of being one to keep his job. [[spoiler: They're right]].
[[/folder]]

[[folder:Laura Secord [[spoiler: Moss]]]]
A Canadian farmer living in Berlin, Ontario, and widow of a pilot shot down in the First Great War. [[spoiler: After a ''very'' contentious courtship, remarries with Jonathan Moss]].
----
* BelligerentSexualTension: With Moss
* LesCollaborateurs: Certainly from the standpoint of [[spoiler: Mary [=McGregor=]]] despite being a descendant of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Secord the Real Life Canadian patriot]] of the same name.
* CrazyCatLady: Stated to be supporting a large number of feral cats on her farm. As she is widowed and isolated on her homestead, this appears to be the trajectory Laura's headed on when Jonathan meets her.
* DefrostingIceQueen: Although more fire than ice.
* DownOnTheFarm: Where Jonathan first encounters her.
[[/folder]]