[[quoteright:300:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/serial_experiements_lain2_5381.jpg]]
[[caption-width-right:300:[[MindScrew Nothing is what it seems...]]]]
->"''No matter where you are, everyone is connected.''"

"It seems that there is a rumor in school that this is a prank. But I want you to know it's not."

This line is from an email sent to multiple students from Chisa Yomoda, a high school girl that recently committed suicide. "Chisa" says that she isn't truly dead, she just transferred her consciousness to the Wired, a virtual world mainly used for communication.

Fourteen-year-old Lain Iwakura isn't interested in the Wired or anything to do with computers. A quiet introvert, she has to practically be forced into social activities by her best friend, Alice Mizuki. It isn't until she's urged to check her email by Alice and the rest of her kind-of friends that Lain sees the mysterious message. Not only does "Chisa" claim to still be alive, she also says that God exists and that He lives in the Wired.

Her curiosity piqued, Lain has her tech-obsessed father buy her a new NAVI system. While Lain's mother and sister are both indifferent to her, her father is eager to help her out. He urges her to log onto the Wired, a sentiment underscored when "Chisa" leaves a similar message on Lain's classroom's blackboard. When she finally does enter the Wired to start searching for answers, everything Lain knows about herself, her family, the Wired, the world, and even God Himself will be upended by one undeniable truth: nothing and no one are what they seem.

''Serial Experiments Lain'' is an anime original created by Yasuyuki Ueda and written by Chiaki J. Konaka. The characters were designed by Yoshitoshi [=ABe=], and the animation was made by Triangle Staff with direction given by Ryutaro Nakamura. All 13 episodes of the series aired on TV Tokyo from July 1998 to September of that same year. The English release was originally handled by Creator/{{Geneon}} in 1999. When that company shut down, the series was left in limbo until Creator/{{Funimation}} rescued and re-released it in 2012.

Part {{cyberpunk}}, part psychological-horror, the series is famous within the anime community for its unconventional storytelling, surreal visuals, and stellar sound design. While there ''is'' a plot, any progression thereof is usually implied to be happening in the background, whereas the concepts the creators are exploring remain front and center. A lot of questions the series brings up as to its characters and setting is left up to the viewer, so expect plenty uses of "left up to interpretation" and variations thereof in the examples listed below.

A video game for the Platform/PlayStation was developed concurrently alongside the anime, and was released shortly after the the anime's conclusion. It takes place in a different continuity while still sharing several themes, but mostly contains its own plot and characters. Tropes specific to the video game should go on [[VideoGame/SerialExperimentsLain its dedicated page]].
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!! This series provides examples of:
* AdjectiveNounFred: The title of the series is formatted as "adjective noun name". The name used is the main character's, but what the "serial experiments" are is never directly addressed (at least not within the show itself).
* AerithAndBob: Lain, Alice, and Julie's names stick out in a cast full of otherwise normal Japanese names. There's also Karl, but he's implied to be [[TokenWhite German.]]
* AGodAmI: Masami Eiri believes himself to be God, having transcended his physical body and become one with the Wired (and, by extension, reality).
* AIIsACrapshoot: [[spoiler:If one chooses to interpret Lain as an AI. She was created to merge reality into the Wired, but turns on "God" instead and chooses to erase herself rather than assimilate humanity into the Wired.]]
* AliceAllusion: Lain's best friend, Alice, is named after Lewis Carroll's [[Literature/AlicesAdventuresInWonderland Alice]].
-->[[http://www.cjas.org/~leng/alice.htm "Alice" is Lewis Carroll's]]. I often use the "Alice" as the metaphor in my scenarios. Alice in "Lain" is same.
* AloneInACrowd: There are several times where Lain stands in one place while those around her go about their day, completely ignoring her.
* AllLowercaseLetters: the series' title is stylized like this.
* TheAlternet: The Wired is something like a giant chatroom or MMORPG where you can "see" other people. It's visually represented as a mass of swirling images and holograms or as a physical space that strange beings inhabit.
%%* AncientConspiracy: The Knights of the Eastern Calculus.
* AnimalMotifs: Lain often wears a bear pajama onesie.
* AnimeThemeSong: The song used for the anime's opening is "Duvet" by [[Music/BoaUK Bôa]], notable for its forlorn lyrics and mellow, or even melancholic, atmosphere.
* ArtificialHuman: [[spoiler:Lain is some kind of artificial being that just so happens to look and (mostly) act human. Exactly ''what'' kind of artificial being she is is never made clear.]]
%%* ArcWords: "Everything is Connected" "Close the World. Open the [[Platform/MacOS neXt]]." "Fulfill the prophecy."
* AscendToAHigherPlaneOfExistence: [[spoiler:Lain disappears from Earth after deleting herself from everybody's memories.]]
* AspectMontage: The OnceAnEpisode opening scene establishes its city location by a montage of power lines, crowds crossing roads, and the familiar Japanese "don't walk" sign. The montage also links back to the opening narration before the theme song since the location and aspects of it are set in a relatively recognizable modern-day city.
* BarbieDollAnatomy: The God-like vision of Lain in the clouds is naked and smooth all over.
%%* {{BFS}}: In video games.
* BigBad: The self-proclaimed God of the Wired is trying to merge all of humanity's consciousness with the Wired and rule above them as a God. To this end, he created an artificial being that bridges the gap between reality and the Wired, and tries to urge said being to do his bidding.
* BittersweetEnding: [[spoiler:Eiri is defeated, but Lain decides to reset the human world anyway by erasing her own presence. This means everything bad that happened thanks to Lain's existence and actions will be erased, but so will Alice's memories of Lain. Alice grows up to live a happy and peaceful life, as do most of the other characters, while Lain herself decides to be the barrier keeper between reality and the Wired.]]
%%* BlackEyesOfEvil: See CreepyChild, TheMenInBlack.
* BloodSplatteredInnocents: The incident in the club ends when the drugged up gunman shoots himself, with Lain getting splattered by some of his blood.
* BodyHorror: The God of the Wired's attempt to physically manifest is very grotesque; he's a mass of flesh, eyes, and a mouth. He grasps hold Lain and Alice with a fleshy tentacle-arm-thing, all while screaming and ranting in rage. Alice's reaction to this sight- mainly screaming bloody murder- is quite apt.
* BoyishShortHair: Lain keeps her hair short, the only exception being a chin-length clump of hair on the left side of her face.
* BrainUploading:
** Chisa implies that part of her motivation for committing suicide was so she could live within the Wired without having to think about a physical body.
** [[spoiler:As part of his plan to hook humanity up to the Wired directly, Eiri had his consciousnesses uploaded to the Wired shortly before his got himself ran over by a train.]]
* BrainyBrunette: Lain has dark brown hair and reveals herself to be a very fast learner when it comes to understanding how to use, build, and modify computers.
%%* BreatherEpisode: Layer 11 gives some welcome respite from all the nightmarish goings on.
* BrightIsNotGood: Lain's neighborhood, school and most other places she visits in the real world are frequently bathed in a bright white light. The effect is more creepy than reassuring.
%%* BrokenRecord: "LET'S ALL LOVE LAIN LET'S ALL LOVE LAIN LET'S ALL LOVE LAIN LAINLAINLAINLAINLAINLAINALAIN"
* CaughtWithYourPantsDown: Alice is caught pleasuring herself by an alternative version of Lain, one who is far more callous and cruel than the Lain Alice knows.
* CheshireCatGrin: One of Lain's alter-egos (frequently referred to as Evil Lain by fans) seems to wear a cruel, almost sadistic, grin at all times. %%Lain makes a direct reference to the famous feline when she calls one of the floating mouths she encounters in the Wired as a Cheshire Cat.
* ClingyJealousGirl: Myu-Myu gets very jealous when Taro gives Lain attention.
* ClipShow: The first half of Layer 11 is essentially a recap clip-show, featuring almost no new animation at all besides some computer effects and effects achieved by filming the show's animation on a CRT screen.
* CoolCodeOfSource: Lain apparently does all her hackery in Lisp. Specifically, she's implementing Conway's Game of Life, with code from the CMU AI repository.
* CoolestClubEver: Cyberia is a techno themed night club that's located at the bottom of an nondescript building.
%%* ContemplateOurNavels: One episode consisted almost entirely of live photographs scrolling by while the {{Narrator}} provided {{Expospeak}}.
%%* CooldownHug: Alice enters Lain's house and finds a not-quite-there Lain talking about "connecting" everyone's consciousnesses.
* CowboysAndIndians: The online shooter game ''[=PHANTOMa=]'' gets crossed with a bunch of kids playing tag in the real world.
%%* CreepyChild: There's the disturbing little girl who chases after players in [=PHANTOMa=], and then there's Chisa, and to a certain extent Lain herself.
* CreepyCrows: In the opening, Lain is surrounded by a group of crows.
* CyberpunkIsTechno: The equation of "cyberpunk = techno music" is played with within the show's soundtrack: the opening and ending themes are rock while the general background music is dark electronica, and whenever a scene takes place in the cyber night club, Cyberia, techno plays.
%%* {{Cyberspace}}: The Wired, which is the main theme. TheMetaverse, if you want the specific variant.
* ADarkerMe: Lain has two alter-egos that are both far more assertive than she is in the real world, but one of them is downright unhinged. Nicknamed Evil Lain, this version of Lain is cruel, sadistic, and doesn't have any regard for life.
* DeathGlare: In Layer 03, Lain glares at Taro when he suggests she go on a date with him. He quickly tries to [[JustJokingJustification play it off as joke]]. It's notable for being the first time Lain shows something akin to an [[BewareTheNiceOnes active emotional response]].
%%* DeusEstMachina: [[spoiler:One interpretation of Lain.]]
* DigitalAvatar: Most people have an avatar that they use when they're in the Wired. It's a sign of Lain's power that her avatar is herself.
* DigitizedHacker: [[spoiler:The God of the Wired]] turns out to be a rather nutty scientist who worked out how to upload himself onto the Wired.
%%* DoNotAdjustYourSet: When images of Lain start to appear on video screens in public places, which creeps out her sister quite a bit.
%%* DrivenToMadness: [[spoiler:Alice after seeing Eiri's physical manifestation.]]
%%* DrivenToSuicide: The man who starts shooting up Cyberia shoots himself after.
* DroneOfDread: Images of power lines are often accompanied by an ominous humming sound, phone or data lines by a faint babble of voices. It's implied that Lain is the only one who hears it when she tells the voices to "shut up" in Layer 01, startling the man beside her on the train.
* DubInducedPlotHole: The Spanish dub changes the line said by one of TheMenInBlack to Lain from "...but I love you. Love is a strange emotion, isn't it?" to "...I can't help but feel pity for your fate. You are a very special young lady." This opens the question of how he could know about her fate when [[spoiler:they're unwitting pawns who later die without understanding the situation]].
* EmotionlessGirl: Lain is introverted to the point where she doesn't show any strong emotions, content to keep to herself. This becomes less the case after engaging with the Wired and developing alternate personalities: when Lain is possessed by her self from the Wired, she becomes more assertive, even snarky.
%%* EmpathicEnvironment: Including bleak grey skies, crows, and shadows that look like blood everywhere.
* EndOfTheWorldSpecial: [[spoiler:At the end of the series, Lain decides to reset the world but without her existence.]]
* EstablishingShot: The montage of traffic and phone lines that plays at the beginning of each episode establishes the city setting where Lain lives.
%%* EternalProhibition: It's the near future, and yet on one hand, it is obvious that 10-year-old Taro is doing wrong every time he's drinking or smoking at Cyberia, and on the other hand, there are illegal future drugs like Accela.
* EveryoneOwnsAMac: Anyone who's anyone within the world of ''Lain'' owns some form of tech from the Tachibana Corporation. (Tachibana itself is loosely based on Creator/{{Apple}}.)
* EverythingIsOnline:
** Lain almost gets run over by a car because of a failure in the citywide car guidance system. Considering that the first scene depicts someone uploading their consciousness to the internet by committing suicide, conventional electrical gadgets being connected to the internet isn't far-fetched by comparison.
** [[spoiler:The premise is basically this (minus the psychokinetic powers also present): human brains have electromagnetic vibrations in them as part of the neurons' functions. Planet Earth has ubiquitous electromagnetic resonance (called Schumann Resonance), which according to the series subtly affects the functions of the human brain. Thus, the Wired is really humanity's collective unconsciousness. Eiri's Protocol 7 manipulates the Schumann Resonance in a way that connects all people's minds subconsciously without necessarily even relying on machines, which naturally are also affected. Lain appears to be the first person capable of easily switching between the two, while Chisa and Eiri took one-way trips to the Wired.]]
* EvilTwin: One of Lain's alternate personalities is a malicious being who derives pleasure from causing other people misery.
* EvilutionaryBiologist: [[spoiler:Masami Eiri]] is an odd example, being a computer scientist who believes that humans have reached the pinnacle of evolution physically and that- in order to [[EvolutionaryLevels continue evolving to more perfect forms]]- humanity has to give up their bodies for a digital existence. To that end, [[spoiler:he secretly puts code into the latest version of the protocol that controls the Wired that would connect humans together on a subconscious level through the network. He also created a physical body for Lain to aid in this effort]].
* ExtremeGraphicalRepresentation: As Lain's computer gets overgrown, the visuals it emits become less and less comprehensible.
* EyeMotifs: Most people grounded in reality in the anime have fairly large pupils in relation to their irises. Lain's [[PuppyDogEyes massive irises]] compared to her tiny pupils suggests much of her psyche is submerged in the Wired.
%%* EyeTake: Quite a bit of them.
* FacialMarkings: The God of the Wired is depicted with a vertical red stripe on each of his cheeks.
* FakeMemories: [[spoiler:Lain's memories of her family life were all created so she wouldn't question who the strangers living in her house are.]]
* FantasticDrug: Accela is a powerful nanomachine-powered stimulant that causes BulletTime, heightened senses, and delusional thoughts. It also seems to physically link the user to the Wired, and become susceptible to its more esoteric phenomena.
* FeelingYourHeartbeat: Alice puts her hand on Lain's cheek, then puts Lain's hand over her own heart to [[spoiler:try and remind Lain of her own humanity after she is nearly consumed by the Wired]].
* FictionalVideogame: ''[=PHANTOMa=]'' is an InUniverse multiplayer video game that's assecible through the Wired.
%%* FirstKiss: Taro gives Lain hers. It's kind of glossed over, though. Interestingly, she ends up with his chewing gum in her mouth, so the entire kiss affair could be just a prank by Taro.
* FiveRoundsRapid: When confronted with the CreepyChild in [=PHANTOMa=], the player shoots her several times with a FingerGun, not realizing it will have tragic consequences in the real world.
* FormulaBreakingEpisode:
** Layer 05 centers mostly around Mika [[spoiler:and her MindRape by the Knights]], with passages in which Lain engages in esoteric philosophical conversations with a CreepyDoll and phantom versions of her mom and dad.
** Layer 09 contains a lot of InfoDump about the history and development of the Internet and the World Wide Web mixed in with scenes involving Lain trying to understand who or what she is exactly, which all leads up to TheReveal [[spoiler:that the "God" Lain has been conversing with in the Wired is Masami Eiri. And he's decided to pay her a visit]].
** Layer 11 is split in half between being a budget saving recap episode [[spoiler:and revealing that Lain isn't actually human, just some software given a human form]].
%%* FreakyFridayFlip: [[MindScrew Maybe]]. Layer 10 opens with a sequence where, for lack of a better phrase, [[spoiler:Lain and Masami Eiri appear to have switched lines. Muddling the issue is the fact that despite the actual dialogue, however, their body language and delivery match what they ''should'' be saying--e.g., Eiri triumphantly questions Lain's godlike nature while Lain demurely proclaims her supreme power]].
* FreeRangeChildren: Despite being in the eighth grade, nobody really seems to care what Lain and her classmates get up to at night, [[AdultsAreUseless including her own parents]].
* FriendlessBackground: Downplayed, since Lain has friends, but she appears to have almost no actual connection to them except for Alice. %%stopped here
* GainaxEnding: Comes off as a mild example. The series is chock-full of philosophical and technological esoterica that all plays a factor in the ending, meaning that anyone who isn't paying attention to that is going to be rather confused. The fact that it's also a somewhat AmbiguousEnding doesn't really help.
* TheGameComeToLife: The online shooter game ''[=PHANTOMa=]'' gets crossed with a bunch of kids playing tag in the real world. It goes ''very, very'' awry.
* {{Gaslighting}}: One interpretation of what happens to Mika in Episode 5.
* GenreShift: Starts off as a technology focused J-horror story akin to something like ''Film/{{Kairo}}'', but gradually becomes a cyberpunk ConspiracyThriller with strong elements of PsychologicalHorror.
* GirlsLoveStuffedAnimals: Subverted. Lain pretty much ignores the collection on her windowsill and bed, and the former are usually lit from behind as creepy silhouettes.
* GodIsEvil: The God of the Wired is the BigBad. [[spoiler:Subverted as Eiri isn’t really God, Lain is.]]
* GodIsGood: [[spoiler:Lain, when she resets the world to give everyone (especially [[PseudoRomanticFriendship Alice]]) a happy ending.]]
* GoryDiscretionShot: As said before, Lain vs. the gun-toting junkie.
* GrandInquisitorScene: When TheMenInBlack take Lain to the Tachibana office in Layer 07. Eventually [[ShutUpHannibal she gets fed up with their interrogation]] and decides to leave, and they don't stop her.
* TheGreys: A Grey appears as a mysterious vision, in an episode which also references the Roswell incident. It is referenced in other episodes as well. Unlike the usual nudist Greys, it is wearing a [[Franchise/ANightmareOnElmStreet red and green striped sweater.]] [[spoiler: In Layer 11, Lain is wearing the same sweater, and her limbs are greyed out, as she checks in on Alice.]]
* HackerCave: Lain turns her room into one over time, completely with a [[OminousMultipleScreens wall of monitors]].
* HackerCollective: The KNIGHTS are a group of mysterious hackers on The Wired. [[spoiler:A list of them is eventually leaked online, leading many to commit suicide. Those who weren't were assassinated]].
* HeroicBSOD:
** [[spoiler:Mika]], after the 5th episode.
** [[spoiler:Alice]]'s HeroicBSOD is what inspired Lain to [[spoiler:{{Retcon}} herself out of existence]].
* IdiosyncraticEpisodeNaming: Episodes are called a layer and a two-digit number, for example the first episode is "layer 01". Each episode title is a single word of English.
* ImprobableAge: [[spoiler:Taro is a Knight apprentice at the age of ten.]]
* {{Infodump}}: The aptly named eleventh episode, "Infornography", is essentially a half-hour long infodump culminating in [[spoiler:TheReveal of the show's [[BigBad villain]], Masami Eiri.]]
* InformationWantsToBeFree: A central tenet of the Knights.
* InformedLoner: Lain seems to be fairly popular at her school (at least many people know her by name) despite believing she has no friends.
* InsideAComputerSystem: Pretty much the entire soul and fiber of the story.
* InsistentTerminology: They're "''Layers''", not "''episodes''".
* ItRunsInTheFamily: Lain and her father are both socially awkward individuals with a love for computers.
* IWantMyBelovedToBeHappy: [[spoiler:Only Lain takes a more... shall we say... 'active' role in Alice's life even after this...]]
* JigsawPuzzlePlot: The story is complex and we get disparate pieces of it during each episode.
* LaserSight:
** A teenager hopped up on {{nano|machines}}tech [[GRatedDrug goofballs]] shoots up a nightclub with a laser sight-equipped handgun. Just before he commits suicide, there is a camera shot where all you can see in the dim lighting are his teeth, and the laser dot on the roof of his mouth -- a very striking image.
** In the next episode, TheMenInBlack have laser sights on their high-tech eyepieces. It's never explained what function the laser sights serve, other than tipping people off that they're being watched and generally creeping them out.
* LittleMissAlmighty: [[spoiler:Lain.]]
* LonersAreFreaks: Or at least very unusual.
* MadScientist: Dr. Hodgeson, the man who created the KIDS program (an attempt to collect information on the use of [[PsychicPowers psi energy]]). [[Manga/{{AKIRA}} Sound familiar?]]
* MagicalRealism: It's never clear how much of the events of this show are happening in real life and how much are in Lain's head.
* MaleGaze:
** The deliveryman who drops off a package for a housewife with a top-of-the-line Navi. Although he's almost as interested in her computer as he is in her, the camera still pans slowly over her body from his perspective.
** The corporate bigshot (who is also [[spoiler:one of the Knights]]) takes definite interest in his female cohort crossing and re-crossing her legs.
* MasturbationMeansSexualFrustration: Alice has a PrecociousCrush on her teacher, which she deals with by masturbating in secret. Unfortunately for her Evil Lain [[CaughtWithYourPantsDown catches her doing it]] and spreads it all over school, which causes Lain's friendship with Alice to break down.
* MatrixRainingCode: Lain's computers do this at times.
* MatureWorkChildProtagonists: Lain Iwakura is a girl in middle school who still wears teddy bear pajamas. During the course of the series, she visits a night club where a man on a mind accelerating cyber drug shoots someone else and then himself, inadvertently causes her older sister to suffer a brutal MindRape that leaves her a blank slate, sees a young man playing a VR game mistake a young girl for a monster in his game and shoot her, and has her become involved with a couple of [[TheMenInBlack Men in Black]] who murder all the members of a rival faction. She catches a friend of hers masturbating while fantasizing about a teacher, and then witnesses the same friend have a complete breakdown when they're confronted with a self-styled "God of the Wired".
%%* MentalFusion
* TheMenInBlack: Lain has several encounters with the MIB watching her. Coupled with ThoseTwoGuys.
* MindRape: What the Knights do to [[spoiler:Mika]] in Layer 05. "Beep... Beep... Beep..."
* MindScrew: The best way to describe ''Serial Experiments Lain'' is to throw paranoid schizophrenia and depression in a blender, along with a heavy dose of philosophy (specifically Timothy Leary's). After blending on the "puree" setting, add a dash of {{conspiracy theor|ist}}ies, horror and Apple Computers, to taste.
** As mentioned in the introduction to this page, ''Serial Experiments Lain'' is like this because most of the plot developments are implied, and most of the explicit ones are obscured.
** You're probably going to understand it up until around episode 4. After that, it just gets progressively weirder and avant-garde; the series is much closer to an arthouse movie than a typical sci-fi anime.
* TheMostDangerousVideoGame: [=PHANTOMa=]. It's pretty invasive as-is, but once it starts leaking into the real world...
* MyDeathIsJustTheBeginning: [[spoiler:Masami Eiri throws himself under a train]] to discard his body and live in the Wired [[spoiler:as "God"]].
* NeuroVault: [[spoiler:Lain is an ArtificialHuman created to hold the Version 7 network protocol within her brain]].
* NiceJobBreakingItHero: Lain reveals the identities of the Knights, and is horrified by the consequences.
* NightmareFace: The girl from Layers 01 and 02 who was supposedly hit by a train. One word: [[spoiler:Holes]].
* NoSocialSkills: When we first meet Lain she has a wide-eyed befuddlement when faced with a social situation, to the point where she is almost mute. Her friends' bubbly interchanges are juxtaposed with an odd -- troubling gap where a response should be. She develops some skills as the series progresses: it is uphill work and Lain is never a normal girl. [[spoiler:Eventually revealed to be due to "our" Lain being but one aspect/avatar of the instrumentality that is Lain.]]
* NothingIsScarier: The series can be very creepy during the long periods when we know something is very wrong, but there is no immediate horror on-screen.
** When Mika keeps seeing messages written in red ink telling her to "fulfill the prophecy", without any idea where they're coming from or why she's received them.
** In Layer 12, Alice visits Lain at home and is very unnerved to find her house ransacked and nobody home until she comes across Lain in her room.
** However, the biggest and probably scariest example is during the penultimate episode when [[spoiler:The Men in Black end up "receiving final payment for their services". First, Lin, the shorter man with the black ponytail, sees... ''something'' that we never do and immediately starts to have a really bad seizure of sorts, with his body starting to lurch and twist around in a way that almost seems ''inhuman''. His partner Karl tries to figure out what's wrong with him before he eventually falls limp, dead with foam dripping from his mouth. Afterwards, Karl then sees whatever it was his partner saw, causing him to let out a scream that's absolutely ''bloodcurdling'', especially considering how stoic Karl is during the rest of the series. This is the last we hear or see from them before the world is reset at the end.]] The fact that we never see just ''just what in the world they saw'' when they met this fate which leads us to only imagine what it could have been arguably makes this scene one of the most terrifying in the entire 13 episode run.
* NoShirtLongJacket: [[spoiler:Eiri]]'s form in the Wired.
* ObfuscatedInterface: The interfaces found in the Wired, a virtual world, alternate between this trope and ViewerFriendlyInterface. It's very maddening to the viewer having suddenly not being able to track down the processes and codes, uselessly trying to decode them until your brain catches up.
* OlderThanTheyLook: Lain is supposedly the same age than Alice and her friends, but she looks sustantially shorter and less physically developed than them. Summed to her rather childish attributes, like her bear clothes and lack of social skill, it makes it seem that she is much younger than them.
* OnceAnEpisode: The traffic-and-telephone-lines {{montage|s}} that opens every episode, with some philosophical commentary pertaining to the episode. This is played with in the last episodes. For instance, Layer 10, ''Love'', [[spoiler:[[NothingIsScarier has absolutely no introducing commentary, just the sounds of the traffic and static]]]], and the usual opening montage only shows up about half-way into Layer 13, ''Ego''.
* OneWingedAngel: [[spoiler:Masami Eiri enters the physical world as some sort of blob of flesh.]]
* OpenTheIris: Quite a bit of the {{Reaction Shot}}s.
* OracularUrchin: Lain is an extreme variation on this type.
* OrdinaryHighSchoolStudent: Lain starts as an ordinary middle school student, grounding the series. She proceeds to become somewhat less ordinary.
* {{Otaku}}: In one episode, a fat, unshaven computer nerd is seen hacking away pathetically. [[spoiler:Though not so pathetically, because he is one of the Knights.]]
* ParanoidThriller: Easily the most famous example of this genre in anime. The show has its protagonist uncover a transhumanist conspiracy using the internet, all while leaving it ambiguous as to how much of the plot is her schizophrenic delusions.
* ParentalAbandonment: [[spoiler:Lain's parents turn out to be adoptive, because Lain is an ArtificialHuman]] They then abandon her after their "role" in her life is over, though [[spoiler:her father at least disobeys enough to say goodbye to her and tell her he loved her.]]
* ParentalNeglect: Lain's mother doesn't seem to care at all about her, ignoring her daughter's clear emotional distress after going through multiple traumatic events. [[spoiler:This is because she's not her real mother.]]
* ParkingGarage: [[spoiler:Where TheMenInBlack meet their [[YouHaveOutlivedYourUsefulness ultimate fate.]]]]
* PermaStubble: TheMenInBlack; it [[BeardOfEvil makes them look dangerous]] and makes it obvious that something is very, very wrong.
* PhoneCallFromTheDead: The anime does this with e-mail in the very first episode, kicking off the whole plot of the series.
* PhysicalGod:
** [[spoiler:Lain is effectively a god that physically exists.]]
** A more straight example would be [[spoiler:Eiri, who committed suicide to become a god]].
* PowerEchoes[=/=]PowerFloats: [[spoiler:Masami Eiri.]]
* PoweredByAForsakenChild: The appropriately named [=KiDS=] experiment, the project of a scientist who tried to tap the psychic energy of hundreds of children, apparently draining them and leaving them in a deep coma. There seemed to be a some sort of explosion caused by an overflow of psychic energy, dissolving the children's bodies, trapping them forever in the Wired. The scientist comments how no matter what he does, bringing them back to real world is impossible.
* PracticalVoiceOver: In the initial episodes, people on The Wired can be heard talking to each other about current events that affect the story and give us insight into the world outside of Lain. It even provides some {{Foreshadowing}}! That said, there are also a lot of {{Non Sequitur}}s (as is the case with the real-life Internet), so this is something of a {{Subversion}}.
* RansackedRoom: Lain's house after her parents leave.
* RealityWarper: Lain, in cyberspace.
** Thanks to [[spoiler:Eiri]]'s Protocol Seven, the Knights are able to hack reality itself.
* ReactionShot: Often one after another.
* TheReasonYouSuckSpeech: Lain delivers one to [[spoiler:Eiri/]]''[[DidYouJustFlipOffCthulhu God himself]]'' in Layer 12. He... doesn't take [[VillainousBreakdown it well]].
--> '''Lain:''' What you did was to remove all the peripheral devices that interact with the Wired. Phones, television, the network...but without those, you couldn't have accomplished anything.\\
'''[[spoiler:Eiri/]]God''': Yes, Lain, those are things which accompanied human evolution, but they are not an end in themselves. Understand that humans, who are further evolved than other forms of life have a right to greater abilities.
--> '''Lain:''' But wait a minute, who gave ''you'' those rights? The program that inserted code, synced to the Earth's characteristic frequency, into the corresponding Protocol 7 code ultimately raised the collective unconscious to the conscious level. So tell me, did you honestly come up with these ideas all by yourself?
--> '''[[spoiler:Eiri/]]God''': What is it you're getting at? No! [[ThisCannotBe It can't be!]] Are you telling me there's been a God all along?
--> '''Lain:''' It doesn't really matter, does it, [[EvilCannotComprehendGood without a body you'll never be able to truly understand]].
--> '''[[spoiler:Eiri/]]God''': It's a lie! A ''lie!'' [[VillainousBreakdown I'm omnipotent, you hear me?!]] I'm the one who gave you a body here in the Real World, and this is the thanks I get?! You were scattered all over the Wired! I gave you...'''AN EGO!'''
--> '''Lain:''' So if that's true about me, what about you?\\
'''[[spoiler:Eiri/]]God''': I'm ''different''! How '''''[[WhoDares DARE]]''''' you?! I'm '''''DIFFERENT!''''' ''[screams in incoherent rage]''
* RecapEpisode: Sort of: Layer 11 features images from previous episodes during the first 15 minutes.
* ResetButtonEnding: [[spoiler:Features a rare variation which gives the series a sense of closure: the fact that it wasn't a complete reset definitely helps.]]
* RetGone: [[spoiler:The series ends with Lain doing this ''to herself''. [[TheEndOrIsIt Mostly]].]]
* RevealShot: There are several shots where Lain or her friends have a ReactionShot followed by a RevealShot -- the camera moves out to show the horror they just saw.
* RoswellThatEndsWell: There is a discussion on the Roswell incident and conspiracy theories, and implies that the Wired might have been [[ETGaveUsWiFi created using alien technology]]. Whether that's true, and how relevant it is to the story, is left entirely open.
* {{Salaryman}}: Lain's father, who is kinder to her than her mother but still rather distant.
* SayMyName: Lain and Alice do this a lot, especially in Layer 12 and 13.
* ScaryShinyGlasses: Lain's dad has them frequently.
* SchoolUniformsAreTheNewBlack: Lain and her classmates can be seen wearing their uniform hours after school has ended, even after she's gotten home from school.
* ShownTheirWork:
** Hey look, it's Vannevar Bush and the Memex featured in an anime!
** The references to Douglas Rushkoff, John C. Lilly, Ted Nelson, and the Roswell conspiracy theories also fit with the plot very well.
** "Infornography" (Layer 11) is packed solid with this trope.
** The series may be the only anime ever to reference Marcel Proust, with the madeleines that Lain's father offers her (a type of biscuit).
** UsefulNotes/SigmundFreud: Is ''Lain'' the only show to get the term "Ego" correct? This also fits closely with the notion of "Ego" according to Descartes, especially when you consider that [[spoiler:you are remembered, therefore, you are. à la "Cogito ergo sum"]].
* SilenceIsGolden: The series often has long scenes without dialogue, including {{montages}} of Lain walking around the city or in her room. The minimalist soundtrack fits as well.
* TheSingularity: A major theme of the show, though the phrase "technological singularity" is never used explicitly in the dialogue. The show revolves around the relationship between humans and technology, and the ontological problems presented by BrainUploading and the information overload in a world that relies on the TheInternet. It depicts the possible result of a world in which the lines between the organic and the mechanical become so blurred [[TomatoInTheMirror that it becomes impossible to tell the difference]].
* SkyFace: This happens in Layer 06. Lain's face appears in the sky and freaks everyone out.
* SoundtrackDissonance: Midway through Layer 13, an upbeat pop song starts playing as life in Lain's town starts going back to normal [[spoiler:because she erases everyone's memories of her]].
* SpellMyNameWithAnS: Is the first name of Lain's friend "Arisu" or "Alice"? It's intended to be Alice, as you can see her name written clearly when Lain receives emails from her. It's also been confirmed by WordOfGod to be an AliceAllusion. However, Pioneer used "Arisu" in their subtitles, hence the confusion. The production notes booklet included with a Blu-ray/DVD set also lists her name as "Arisu".
* SplitPersonality: [[spoiler:Subverted by later making them split {{unperson}}alities.]]
* StartsWithASuicide: The series kicks off when middle schooler Chisa Yomoda jumps off a building. It then follows up with the girl's Internet conversation: "How does it feel to die?" "It really hurts :-)"
* StalkerWithACrush: Arguably one of the most depressing example in media. As much as [[spoiler: Karl]] means Lain no harm and in one case he is particularly interested in her safety (which may explain at least in part his earlier stalking), his subsequent [[spoiler: declaration of love to her still comes out as absolutely cold and contorted, and the fact that he won't even wait for or expect a response from Lain suggest that he is perfectly aware of that]]. Worse part, [[spoiler: he will die shortly after]].
* StepfordSuburbia: Lain's neighbourhood, which is [[CrapsaccharineWorld glaringly bright and white everywhere]].
* StockFootage: Closeups of telephone lines and stylized shots of city traffic at night. One repeated bit of footage is rather poignant: [[spoiler:Lain walking under telephone lines casting creepy shadows: in the last episode the same footage is shown without Lain after she erases herself from existence.]]
* StockShoujoBullyingTactics: Lain's desk goes missing and everyone, including the teacher, starts acting as if she doesn't exist right when she's questioning her own existence.
* SubwaysSuck: The train Lain takes to school.
* SurrealHorror: This anime makes the idea of going on the internet an Creator/HRGiger nightmare, physically representing it as another layer of reality. Unlike other shows which would display a friendly, clean cyberworld, this one portrays it as disorienting and bizarre. Add in hallucinations and the blending of the real world and the Wired and several scenes get quite intensely strange. Even the more mundane stuff has a surprisingly unsettling atmosphere.
* TalkingTheMonsterToDeath: Lain does this to Eiri.
* TheTapeKnewYouWouldSayThat: Or so it would seem in the first episode when Lain has a conversation with Chisa's e-mail. Justified in hindsight: Lain really was conversing with her e-mail.
%%* TeacherStudentRomance: A reciprocal one.
* TheTeamWannabe: The Knights fanboy who wanders around the streets wearing a virtual reality headset and begging them to let him join their group.
* TechnologyPorn: Depending on who you ask, this is slightly more literal than in most cases.
* TerribleArtist: Lain's doodles in her notebook are often just spirals and other random shapes.
* TheyLookJustLikeEveryoneElse: Who are the sinister, reality-hacking powerful Knights of the Eastern Calculus, you ask? [[spoiler:An executive, a fat nerd and a housewife who plays videogames with her son.]]
* ThroughTheEyesOfMadness: The series can be interpreted this way; a number of Lain's experiences resemble symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia, including visual and auditory hallucinations, loss of perception of time, paranoid delusions, and inappropriate emotional reactions. In fact, one of the symptoms of schizophrenia is the delusional belief that [[ArcWords everything is connected]] and is somehow directly relevant to the believer, no matter how innocuous or unimportant. One might call it an inability to tell signal from noise...
* TomatoInTheMirror: [[spoiler:Lain herself]].
* {{Transhuman}}: [[spoiler:Lain, certainly; Eiri, almost; perhaps the whole city or more, if you take the view that the post-reset world is a LotusEaterMachine.]]
* TrashOfTheTitans[=/=]TrashTheSet: Lain's house gains a worrying amount of mess and a nasty brown fog near the end of the series.
* TroublingUnchildlikeBehavior:
** Taro, Myu Myu and Masayuki hang out at the Cyberia, a [[CoolestClubEver cyberpunk nightclub]] mostly attended by people twice their age who goes in cyber-drugs and party hard all the time.
** Alice, Lain, Reika, and Julie all frequent the Cyberia as well despite only being 14. [[spoiler:The other Lain]] has apparently organized raves there.
** Mika, a high schooler, is implied to be having sex with a man who's at least in college.
* TwentyMinutesIntoTheFuture: Despite the opening narration claiming that it takes place in the "Present Day!", the series is said to take place around 1999 and was aired in 1998. The Wired and its associated hardware are alien imports into a pretty ordinary Japanese city that happens to have self-driving cars.
* UncannyValleyGirl: Lain of course, seeing as she is very pretty, quiet, and seemingly normal at first, except she's not a normal girl. This is played with in earlier episodes by deliberately using OffModel animation techniques so that she appears out of place with her surroundings. This is is used to full effect in Layer 08, where we see a glimpse of the Wired where each user has her face... on their own bodies. She freaks out and [[OffWithHisHead knocks the head off of one]], but that just makes it even creepier.
* UnPerson: [[spoiler:Lain does this to herself.]]
* UnreliableNarrator: The ''"Present day, Present time!"'' {{dateline}} that opens each episode, close-but-not-exactly-true, which oddly enough sets the [[MindScrew tone]] quite well.
* TheUnsmile: Lain pulls one at the end of Layer 11.
* ViewerFriendlyInterface:
** Alternates with ObfuscatedInterface so often that it alone can drive the viewer to confusion.
** Sometimes this includes real, actually cool-for-the-nineties interfaces. Layer 01, for example, shows Lain's dad's computer running [=NeXTSTEP=], the ancestor of Mac OS X and Apple [=iOS=]. [[http://twistedmatrix.com/users/glyph/images/content/screenshots/NeXTbox.png This is more or less what it looks like]].
* VillainousBreakdown: God[[spoiler:/Masami Eiri]] has one, complete with ThisCannotBe, when Lain decides to [[ShutUpHannibal stand up to him.]]
* VirtualGhost: Chisa, Eiri and others. [[spoiler:Maybe even Lain herself in the end, depending on how far she took the "erasing herself from existence" thing.]]
* TheVoice: People on The Wired start out as this but over time become TheUnintelligible as [[spoiler:Lain becomes more and more "connected" to The Wired and thus able to "understand" posts on The Wired on a level the viewer can't]]. [[MindScrew Or something like that]].
* TheWalrusWasPaul: The series was intentionally designed to be interpreted in a variety of ways. In fact, [[WordOfGod one of the producers]] has said he intended it to be interpreted differently by Japanese and American audiences. (This didn't exactly happen).
* WeirdnessMagnet: Lain and her house.
* WhatHappenedToTheMouse:
** Chisa is practically forgotten after the first few episodes, only getting a basically inconsequential mention in Layer 10, though she is shown to be alive in the rebooted post-Lain world.
** The fate of [[spoiler:Mika and Lain's fake parents]] is not revealed, although [[spoiler:after Lain hits the ResetButton, we see a scene where all three of them formed an actual family, at Lain's behest one would imagine]].
* WhereDoesHeGetAllThoseWonderfulToys: Lain's computer setup. It's made vaguely plausible in that her father seems to work as a computer engineer of some sort, but by Layer 4 she has entire racks of servers and several monitors in her bedroom.
* WhipPan: Used when Lain is conversing with her "friends", to show that even though she and her friends are separated only by a few feet, the emotional distance is unfathomable. Alice is even seen walking from the friends frame to the Lain frame a few times in Layer 02, to show that she honestly cares.
* YourMindMakesItReal: Probably one of the most true to form examples, [[spoiler:to the point where you can resurrect people or erase people them from existence simple by manipulating people's collective memories. In scientific or practical terms it's not clearly explained ''how'' the barrier between the wired and the physical world can become blurred in very real terms (though there is some reference to humans having a sort of latent sensitivity to electromagnetic frequencies), but the audience can infer that the story works on such a strongly idealistic world view that it just kind of can]].
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->''Ｌｅｔ＇ｓ ａｌｌ ｌｏｖｅ Ｌａｉｎ！''
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