Line #13 UsefulNotes/Spain


1	[[quoteright:329:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/sp-map.gif]]
2	[[caption-width-right:329:The S is not silent.]]
3
4	->''"Plus Ultra"''
5	-->-- '''National Motto'''[[note]]It means "further beyond", an IronicEcho of the legendary warning carved on the Pillars of Hercules at the mouth of the Mediterranean: ''Nec Plus Ultra'' - "nothing further beyond".[[/note]]
6
7
8	Spain ('''Spanish:''' ''España''), officially known as the Kingdom of Spain ('''Spanish:''' ''Reino de España''), is a Southern European country inhabited by more than 40 million people, home of the ''Conquistadores'' and the first language of over 400 million people, and, including the Canary Islands, is the southernmost country in Europe. It is a member of UsefulNotes/{{NATO}} and UsefulNotes/TheEuropeanUnion.
9
10	The modern day Spanish trace their descent from many peoples, [[CultureChopSuey including but not limited to]] Celts, [[AncientRome Romans]], [[UsefulNotes/AncientGreece Greeks]], [[UsefulNotes/PunicWars Phoenicians]], [[UsefulNotes/TheMigrationPeriod Visigoths, Suebians]], [[UsefulNotes/MoorishSpain Jews, and Muslims]], and the modern nation-state was formed with the union of the Kingdom of Castille and the Kingdom of Aragon in 1469 by the marriage of their respective monarchs, [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Queen Isabella and King Fernando]] and the siege of Granada in 1492, which would complete the ''Reconquista'' and end 700 years of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula. Through the discovery and later conquest of the Western Hemisphere that same year, an empire grew and soon became the one of the most powerful on the planet until its eventual decline over the course of the 1800's, culminating in [[UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWar a war]] with the UsefulNotes/UnitedStates at the very end of the century.[[note]]Although Spain still managed to keep some colonies in Africa until the 1970's.[[/note]] This, along with the failure of the conquest of Morocco and the feuds between political factions led to the [[BloodierAndGorier last and bloodiest]] of five [[UsefulNotes/SpanishCivilWar Civil Wars]]. The winner of the war, UsefulNotes/FranciscoFranco, ruled the country as a dictator for no less than 36 years until his death in 1975[[note]]and, yes, [[Series/SaturdayNightLive he is still dead]][[/note]], after which the current Constitutional Monarchy was installed, first led by Juan Carlos I before Felipe VI took over after his abdication in 2014. Spain thus became one of the few examples in the modern day in which a monarchy is restored after being overthrown for quite some time, the other being UsefulNotes/{{Cambodia}} (although to be fair, the Spanish monarchy never actually renounced their rights for their country when the Republicans took over in 1931).
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12	Spain is bordered by {{UsefulNotes/France}} and the tiny {{UsefulNotes/Andorra}} in the north-east, UsefulNotes/{{Portugal}} in the west, and the [[UsefulNotes/UnitedKingdom British]] territory of UsefulNotes/{{Gibraltar}} in the south. It is bathed by the Mediterranean Sea at its east, the North Atlantic Ocean at the west and north and the Straits of Gibraltar at the south, where the Mediterranean joins the Atlantic. Most of Spain is located in the Iberian Peninsula, but the country also has a few overseas territories, the biggest being the Canary Islands off the western coast of Africa, followed by the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as the North African cities of Ceuta and Melilla, which border UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}}.
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14	Spain's Government consists of a Prime Minister (''Presidente del Gobierno'' or ''president of the government'') elected democratically by Parliament upon nomination by the King, who is the Head of the Cabinet (''Consejo de Ministros'' or ''council of ministers''). He resides in the Moncloa Palace, Madrid.
15
16	!!Geography
17	[[index]]
18	* UsefulNotes/{{Madrid}}
19	* UsefulNotes/TheShiningAutonomousCommunitiesOfEspana
20	** UsefulNotes/CanaryIslands
21	** UsefulNotes/{{Ceuta}}
22	** UsefulNotes/{{Melilla}}
23	[[/index]]
24
25	!!History of Spain
26	[[index]]
27	* UsefulNotes/PunicWars
28	* UsefulNotes/LusitanianWars
29	* UsefulNotes/CeltiberianWars
30	* Roman Hispania
31	** UsefulNotes/{{Hadrian}}
32	** Creator/{{Seneca}}
33	** UsefulNotes/TheodosiusI
34	** UsefulNotes/{{Trajan}}
35	* [[UsefulNotes/TheMigrationPeriod Visigothic Spain]]
36	* UsefulNotes/MoorishSpain
37	* UsefulNotes/SpanishReconquista
38	** UsefulNotes/ElCidCampeador
39	* Myth/BattleOfClavijo
40	* UsefulNotes/TheKingdomOfSpain
41	** [[UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon Isabella I of Castile]]
42	** UsefulNotes/JoannaOfCastile
43	* UsefulNotes/ItalianWars
44	** UsefulNotes/GonzaloFernandezDeCordoba
45	** UsefulNotes/DiegoGarciaDeParedes
46	* UsefulNotes/TheSpanishInquisition (which [[Series/MontyPythonsFlyingCircus nobody expected]])
47	** UsefulNotes/TomasDeTorquemada
48	** UsefulNotes/ZugarramurdiWitchTrials
49	* Spanish Age of Discovery
50	** UsefulNotes/ChristopherColumbus
51	** UsefulNotes/FerdinandMagellan
52	** UsefulNotes/AmerigoVespucci
53	* [[UsefulNotes/NewSpain Spanish Conquest of America]]
54	** UsefulNotes/SpanishConquestOfTheAztecEmpire
55	*** UsefulNotes/PedroDeAlvarado
56	*** UsefulNotes/HernanCortez
57	*** UsefulNotes/LaMalinche
58	** UsefulNotes/SpanishConquestOfTheMaya
59	** UsefulNotes/SpanishConquestOfTheIncaEmpire
60	*** UsefulNotes/FranciscoDeCarvajal
61	*** UsefulNotes/FranciscoPizarro
62	*** UsefulNotes/FranciscoDeOrellana
63	** UsefulNotes/SpanishConquestOfThePhilippines
64	*** UsefulNotes/CagayanBattles
65	** Explorers:
66	*** UsefulNotes/LopeDeAguirre
67	*** UsefulNotes/VascoNunezDeBalboa
68	*** UsefulNotes/AlonsoDeOjeda
69	*** UsefulNotes/JuanPonceDeLeon
70	*** UsefulNotes/FranciscoVazquezDeCoronado
71	* Habsburg Spain
72	** UsefulNotes/CharlesIIOfSpain
73	** UsefulNotes/CharlesV
74	** UsefulNotes/PhilipII
75	** UsefulNotes/PhilipIII
76	** UsefulNotes/PhilipIV
77	** UsefulNotes/SchoolOfSalamanca
78	* UsefulNotes/TheEightyYearsWar
79	** UsefulNotes/JuanDelAguila
80	** UsefulNotes/TheDukeOfAlba
81	** UsefulNotes/JeronimoDeAyanz
82	** UsefulNotes/AlonsoDeContreras
83	** UsefulNotes/AlexanderFarnese
84	** UsefulNotes/CardinalInfanteFerdinand
85	** UsefulNotes/JulianRomero
86	** UsefulNotes/AmbrogioSpinola
87	* UsefulNotes/BattleOfLepanto
88	** UsefulNotes/JohnOfAustria
89	** UsefulNotes/AlvaroDeBazan
90	* UsefulNotes/TheWarOfTheSpanishArmada
91	* UsefulNotes/WarOfTheSpanishSuccession
92	* UsefulNotes/WarOfJenkinsEar
93	** UsefulNotes/BlasDeLezo
94	* Bourbon Spain
95	** UsefulNotes/TheBalmisExpedition
96	** UsefulNotes/AntonioBarcelo
97	** UsefulNotes/CharlesIIIOfSpain
98	** UsefulNotes/FerdinandVI
99	** UsefulNotes/FerdinandVII
100	** UsefulNotes/BernardoDeGalvez
101	** UsefulNotes/PhilipV
102	* UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWar
103	** UsefulNotes/IsaacPeral
104	* UsefulNotes/SpanishCivilWar
105	* UsefulNotes/TheFrancoRegime
106	** UsefulNotes/FranciscoFranco
107	[[/index]]
108
109	!!General Spain
110	[[index]]
111	* TorosYFlamenco, the [[TheThemeParkVersion stereotypical]] Spain
112	* {{Spexico}}, Ambiguously Spain (And UsefulNotes/{{Mexico}})
113	* UsefulNotes/NewSpanishArmada
114	* UsefulNotes/FranciscoFranco, that man. Yes, he is [[Series/SaturdayNightLive still dead.]]
115	* SpaghettiWestern, made in Italy but filmed in Spain (and set in Mexico or the American Southwest).
116	* SpanishFilms
117	* UsefulNotes/CultureOfSpain - about politics and TV
118	* UsefulNotes/SpanishLanguage
119	* UsefulNotes/SpanishNamingConventions
120	* SpanishLiterature
121	* SpanishMedia
122	* SpanishSeries
123	[[/index]]
124	[[/index]]
125
126	!!Spain in popular culture
127
128	* ''Literature/DonQuixote'': The most famous Spanish novel of all time, takes place in Spain. Actually, [[TropeCodifier it codified a lot of tropes that allowed the modern Western literature to flourish after their long decline in the Middle Ages]].
129	* ''Theatre/TheBarberOfSeville'' by Pierre de Beaumarchais.
130	* ''Theatre/{{Carmen}}'' by Georges Bizet.
131	* ''Film/UnChienAndalou''
132	* Diego Vélazquez
133	* Creator/FranciscoDeGoya
134	* Creator/PabloPicasso
135	* Creator/SalvadorDali.
136	* ''Literature/TheSunAlsoRises''
137	* ''Literature/ForWhomTheBellTolls''
138	* George Orwell wrote ''Literature/HomageToCatalonia'' about his experiences during the Spanish Civil War.
139	* ''Film/ThePrivateLifeOfDonJuan''
140	* ''Literature/TheStoryOfFerdinand'' and the Disney cartoon ''Disney/TheStoryOfFerdinand''
141	* The Looney Tunes cartoon ''WesternAnimation/BullyForBugs''
142	* ''Film/SuddenlyLastSummer''
143	* ''Film/ElCid''
144	* In ''Literature/LeBossu'' and its [[Film/LeBossu1959 1959 film adaptation]], the hero hides in Spain with the baby girl he saves from a certain death, plotting revenge for her father for over a decade before coming back to France.
145	* ''Film/MrArkadin''
146	* ''Film/ForYourEyesOnly''
147	* ''Music/SketchesOfSpain'' by Miles Davis.
148	* The comic strip ''ComicBook/MortadeloYFilemon'' is Spanish and thus takes place in Spain most of the time.
149	* ''ComicBook/ZipiYZape'': A Spanish comic strip where the adventures of the protagonists also take place in Spain.
150	* ''ComicBook/SuskeEnWiske'': The album "De Stierentemmer" takes place in Spain.
151	* The Asterix album ''Recap/AsterixInSpain'' takes place in Hispania (the Roman name for Spain).
152	* The Monty Python sketch "The Spanish Inquisition" features the Spanish Inquisition interrupting everything.
153	* Manuel the waiter in Fawlty Towers hails from Barcelona.
154	* The films of Creator/PedroAlmodovar.
155	* Land of Freedom
156	* Creator/GuillermoDelToro is Mexican, but has set a few films in Spain. ''Film/TheDevilsBackbone'' is set during the UsefulNotes/SpanishCivilWar. ''Film/PansLabyrinth'' is set a few years after the Civil War, in which the last vestiges of Republicans are being hunted down by Franco's regime. [[TearJerker Prepare your tissues before watching these two]].
157	** The [[NightmareFuel terrifying]] and [[TearJerker tearjerking]] ''Film/TheOrphanage'', executive produced by Creator/GuillermoDelToro and directed by Spaniard Juan Antonio Bayona.
158	** The equally terrifying ''Film/JuliasEyes'', [[ProductionPosse also produced by del Toro and starring the same actress, Belén Rueda]], and directed by Guillem Morales.
159	* ''Film/{{Barcelona}}''
160	* The Woody Allen film ''Film/VickyCristinaBarcelona''.
161	* The first scene of ''Film/TheWorldIsNotEnough'' is set in Bilbao.
162	* ''Film/TheSpanishApartment'' ("L' Auberge Espagnole")
163	* ''Literature/DigitalFortress'' by Creator/DanBrown presents an inaccurate version of Spain, and quite an insulting one at that. Namely, it presents Spain as being a WretchedHive full of crimes and having an inadequate healthcare system. Spain has one of the best healthcare institutions in Europe (and indeed the world) and its living standards are very high too. Maybe he confused it with some BananaRepublic in the Americas.
164	* ''Film/VantagePoint'' is set entirely in Spain, but, like above, is less about Spain and more about what Americans think about Spain. It depicts the Spanish police as terribly inept compared to the [[AmericaSavesTheDay mighty Yankees]] who could easily borrow/destroy/steal Spanish properties as if they're their own, and the Spaniards seem to treat the US president as their own (they don't)
165	* The third act of ''[[Film/TheFastAndTheFurious Fast & Furious 6]]'' is set in Spain.
166	* ''Series/TheBrave's'' sixth episode is in Seville as the protagonists try to help a Russian defector and his daughter evade capture and find safe passage to America.
167	* ''VideoGame/ResidentEvil4'' takes place in Spain, though Capcom keep denying it is Spain and saying that it [[SuspiciouslySpecificDenial is a Castilian speaking country of Europe that is not Spain]], even though the in-game map places the village in the center of the Iberian Peninsula next to Madrid and the currency in the game is the Peseta, the former currency of Spain before it switched to the Euro. The Ganados all speak [[Main/{{Spexico}} Spanish with a Mexican accent]] and Luis Sera also speaks English with a Mexican accent despite being a former cop from Madrid.
168	* ''Series/ElMinisterioDelTiempo'' takes place mostly in Spain, as the main characters are part of a Ministry in charge of protecting Spain's history from being manipulated.
169	* ''Film/CarlotaJoaquinaPrincesaDoBrasil'' revolves around the historical Spanish princess of the same name during her stay in Brazil, though Spain itself is featured briefly at the start of the movie.
170	* ''Film/{{Dagon}}'', 2001 horror movie is set in Inboca (loose translation of [[Literature/TheShadowOverInnsmouth Innsmouth]]), a fictional coast village of Galicia.
171	* Spain has won the Series/EurovisionSongContest twice: in 1968 with the song "La, la, la" by Maissel, and then a year later in 1969 with "Vivo cantando" by Salomé, the latter being part of a joint four-way tie.
172	* ''Drag Race España'' is the Spanish adaptation of ''Series/RuPaulsDragRace'', featuring a cast of Spain-based drag queens and hosted by Supremme De Luxe.
173	* ''VideoGame/PokemonScarletAndViolet'''s Paldea is based on the Iberian Peninsula, but mostly on Spain.
174	* The 2016 ''[[Film/AssassinsCreed2016 Assassin's Creed]]'' film takes place mostly in Madrid in PresentDay and in Granada and Seville in the 1491-1492 scenes.
175	----
176	[[AC:The Spanish Flag]]
177	[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/flag_of_spain.png]]
178	->Red and yellow are traditional colors of Spain dating back to the ''Reconquista'', with the yellow stripe being twice as large as the two red stripes; near the hoist side is the coat of arms.
179	----
180	[[AC:Coat of arms of Spain]]
181	[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/coat_of_arms_of_spain.png]]
182	->The coat of arms is dominated by a crowned shield containing (from upper left clockwise) the arms of Castile (gold castle on red field), León (purple lion on silver field), Navarre (array of golden chains on red field), Granada (a pomegranate fruit on a white field) and Aragon (nine alternating yellow and red stripes), as well as that of the Anjou branch of the House of Bourbon, Spain's royal family (blue field containing five fleur-de-lis with a red border), added by King Philip V (himself French-born and titled Duke of Anjou) in 1700; on either side of the shield are a pair of columns standing on watery bases, symbolizing the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules Pillars of Hercules]], a pair of promontories guarding the Strait of Gibraltar, surrounded by ribbons which read "Plus Ultra" ("Further Beyond" in Latin) and topped by the crowns of the Holy Roman Empire and the Spanish Kingdom, the former alluding to Emperor Charles V, also titled King Charles I of Spain, under whose reign Spain expanded its territories to South America and the Philippines.
183	----
184	[[AC:Spanish national anthem]]
185	->As Spain is one of the only three countries (four if UsefulNotes/{{Kosovo}} is counted) that do not have lyrics for its national anthem, click on [[https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/espana/simbolosdelestado/Paginas/audiohimno.aspx this link to hear what the anthem sounds like]]
186	----
187	[[AC:Government]]
188	* Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
189	** Monarch: Felipe VI
190	** Prime Minister (President of the Government): Pedro Sánchez
191	** President of the Senate: Pedro Rollán
192	** President of the Congress of Deputies: Francina Armengol
193	** President of the Supreme Court: Francisco Marín Castán
194	----
195	[[AC:Miscellaneous]]
196	* '''Capital and largest city:''' Madrid
197	* '''Population:''' 47,450,795
198	* '''Area:''' 505,990 sq km (195,360 sq mi) (51st)
199	* '''Currency''': Euro (€) (EUR)
200	* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' ES
201	* '''Country calling code:''' 34
202	* '''Highest point:''' Teide (3715 m/12,188 ft) (46th)

Context UsefulNotes / Spain