Line #23 UsefulNotes/Chile


1	[[quoteright:327:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/chile-map_8377.gif]]
2	[[caption-width-right:327:[[WebVideo/MapMen It's very very very very very long and thin.]]]]
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4
5	->''"UsefulNotes/{{Spain}} foresaw the need. He acquired the necessary clay through totally legitimate ways. This clay is named "The End of the World" in local languages. But in frozen wastelands far to the South, Spain did not find what he sought. Instead, Spain found the future colony's fate in desert and sea. He knew that his son would one day achieve his destiny - not today, but in hundreds of years he will know why he was created:''\
6	\
7	''To landlock UsefulNotes/{{Bolivia}}."''
8	-->-- ''Webcomic/{{Polandball}}'' , "[[http://i.imgur.com/2aVkaQT.png Keeping True to One's Fate]]"
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10	The '''Republic of Chile''' (Spanish: ''República de Chile'') is a very long and thin country in UsefulNotes/SouthAmerica. Despite what some people think, Chile is not named after the Chili pepper, nor vice versa. Local tradition says the name "Chile" comes from the Aymara word "End of the World" or from the Quechua word "Cold place", both being very suitable definitions for the former [[UsefulNotes/PreColumbianCivilizations Inca]] province.
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12	Statistically, Chile has one of the best life qualities and economic developments in UsefulNotes/LatinAmerica[[note]]While It's not very well known, Chile was in fact the most affected country during the TheGreatDepression, in the WHOLE world.[[/note]], but it also has a big problem with economic inequality and poverty. Chile stretches from the Atacama desert to Patagonia, stopping just before UsefulNotes/{{Antarctica}} (although they do have a claim over a portion of Antarctica, to the point they have one of the few civilian settlements there, Villa las Estrellas), and also has two islands in the Pacific, the Juan Fernandez Island and [[LandmarkOfLore Easter Island]] or UsefulNotes/RapaNui, which is well known for the big rock heads called Moai that surround the island. Ironically not too many people outside of Chile know that the island is part of the country.
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14	Before the Spanish arrival, Chile was part of the Qullasuyu, the southern part of the Inca Empire. The central part corresponds to Chili and Atakama, native states allied with the Incaic administration, while the southern parts were controlled by the Mapuche tribes, who are known for successfully repelling both Inca and Spanish invaders. The southernmost area, namely Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, was populated by the Patagones or Tehuelches, a group of different tribes that were mistaken for giants by the Europeans.
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16	When the Spaniards came to UsefulNotes/TheAmericas in the 15th century, Chile was the last place they visited, because to reach it, they needed to cross the Atacama Desert, [[DeathWorld which is fifty times drier than the Death Valley]], and for a long time, Chile was known as a [[CrapsackWorld Spaniard's grave]]. When they arrived, a war lasting over 300 years began between the Spaniards and the natives, particularly the Mapuche tribes. During this period, Chile became a Spanish colony, obtaining independence in 1818 after a war of independence against the royalists. The war was led by people like Bernardo O' Higgins, [[MasterOfDisguise Manuel]] [[GuileHero Rodriguez]] and [[ColonelBadass Jose Miguel]] Carrera. [[BrokenBase Do NOT ask who was the best of them.]]
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18	Bernardo O'Higgins led the country until he was forced to abdicate in 1823. Then came 5 years of what is currently called "Ensayos Constitucionales" ([[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin Constitutional Attempts/Try-outs]]), which includes governments that lasted six, five, and even three days. After that, and guided by Diego Portales Palazuelos, Chile's governance stabilized. Between 1879-1883, it fought and defeated UsefulNotes/{{Peru}} and UsefulNotes/{{Bolivia}} in the UsefulNotes/WarOfThePacific, conquering the Litoral from Bolivia and landlocking that country (to Bolivia's continuing dismay/fury). This period of (relative) stability would last until the civil war of 1891, which gave power to the Parliament instead. This parliamentary rule lasted until the arrival of Arturo Alessandri -- the following governments would go for the presidential route, but in ''many'' different ways...
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20	In 1973, the military under General UsefulNotes/AugustoPinochet (supported by the [[MoralMyopia United States]]) performed a [[TheCoup coup d'etat]] against the [[{{UsefulNotes/Socialism}} Socialist]] government of Salvador Allende. Pinochet's [[BananaRepublic dictatorship]] lasted until 1989, when a national plebiscite was held to determine whether or not the military government should remain in power. If you happen to be among Chileans, [[BrokenBase it is usually not wise to bring up the topic]]. '''Seriously.''' It may sound weird, but Pinochet still has many [[BlackShirt supporters]], so be careful what you say.
21	With the victory of the Concertación (a [[UsefulNotes/StandardEuropeanPoliticalLandscape center-left]] coalition) in 1989, Chile entered a new era of economic growth and social changes, with many hoping for a better future. But with many of the human rights violators being pardoned, the neglectfulness of the new democratic state towards the poorer classes, and an increase of corruption among government officials, many Chileans see today a bleak future for their country.
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23	Among the many presidents the country had, Sebastian Piñera is perhaps the most (in)famous. Known for his frequent malapropism, an unbreakable record of faceplants, and [[TheJinx the seemingly justified belief that he causes bad luck to people around him,]] he is considered among Chileans as some kind of buffoon, even by his own supporters. He also descends from [[FamousAncestor Huayna Capac]], making him a member of the Royal Incaic House. [[TheKlutz Beware.]]
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25	Currently, the country is led by Gabriel Boric, a left-wing candidate of Croatian origins who beat right-wing candidate Jose Antonio Kast in the 2021 general elections. Taking charge at just 35 years old, he is the youngest president in the country's history and the second-youngest current head of state in the world.
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27	Chile, like the rest of Latin America, is a multiethnic country, but unlike other countries, the government doesn't actually register race among its citizens. This is in part due to the ruling elite being composed of white people, who were focused on bringing European immigrants to replace or mix with the native population, in a process known as ''blanqueamiento''. Another reason has to do with the loss of cultural identity among the native Picunches, who eventually embraced the new independentist movement and became today's Chileans. This created a culturally homogenous population that followed Hispanic traditions regardless of race. The only exceptions were the Reche tribes in the south of Bio Bio who became the Mapuche nation, a number of Atacameño people that rejected the new Chilean state and kept practicing some of their traditions, and the Tehuelche with some huilliche and lafkenche tribes who were too far away to actually be incorporated to the new Chilean state.
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29	Among the many immigrants that arrived to Chile, the Spanish make up the majority, followed in number by the French, Germans, Celts, Syrians and Palestinians, the last group escaping from the UsefulNotes/ArabIsraeliConflict. Other smaller communities exist, like Koreans, Afro-Chileans, Cantonese, Indians and Polynesians from Rapa Nui.
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31	The native language of Chile, Chilidugú, became extinct during the colonial era, so Spanish is the current de facto language. It's spoken fast, eliminating the s' and d's from some words. It mixes a lot of words from Chilidugun and Quechua, and it varies between the upper and lower classes. Other European languages like English, Portuguese, and French are spoken to some degree by people around the country, with fluency varying from person to person. Surviving Chilean languages are the Mapudungun languages and Southern Aymara, while many other native tongues were lost thanks to cultural assimilation and the extermination of local tribes.
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33	Notable Chileans are Creator/GabrielaMistral and Creator/PabloNeruda, who were awarded the UsefulNotes/NobelPrizeInLiterature in 1945 and 1971, respectively. Gabriela Mistral received also the National Literature Prize in 1951. Creator/RobertoBolano and Creator/IsabelAllende are also famous writers worldwide. In music, some of the country's most famous artists include [[FolkMusic folk]] singers Violeta Parra and Víctor Jara, and bands Music/LosJaivas and Music/LosPrisioneros.
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35	In sports, Chile is remembered for Marcelo Ríos, who is the first Latin American tennis player to reach the Nº1 position in the ATP singles rankings despite never winning a Grand Slam tournament. Currently, he's retired, but players like Fernando González (doubles gold medal and singles bronze medal in Athens, then silver in Beijing) and Nicolás Massu (singles and doubles gold in Athens--the first man to do so!) are still active. Chile also held the 1962 FIFA World Cup and attained its highest position ever in the competition by winning third place. Currently, soccer is by far the most popular sport.
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37	In media, the country has produced Creator/CoteDePablo, best known for her role in ''Series/{{NCIS}}'' as Ziva David; and the ACE Team, with their debut videogame VideoGame/ZenoClash.
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39	Chile is internationally known for its wines, one of the most well-known being Casillero del Diablo (The Devil's Closet) and the Carmenere, which was actually thought to be extinguished until it was re-discovered in Chile.
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41	[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Francisco_(television_host) Don Francisco]], known for hosting [[http://www.univision.com/content/channel.jhtml?chid=6&schid=6761 Sabado Gigante]] and "Don Francisco Presenta", was born in Talca, Chile. The show started on Canal 13 in 1962. Two decades later, the program moved to Miami, Florida where Univision (formerly SIN) began producing it and started to be recorded by Univision in Miami in 1986. He also hosts a famous Telethon in Chile, which is done almost once per year since 1978, to obtain funds for The Telethon Foundation, which administrates several institutions to aid children with developmental disabilities. It's seen as days of National Union, and the Criminal Rate of those days equals Christmas and New Year's Eve. If you are Latin American and have seen a Telethon in your country, it is very probable that Telethon [[FollowTheLeader is based on the Chilean one]].
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43	And finally, Chile is one of the most seismic countries in the world, constantly hit by earthquakes (3 to 4 Richter scale so common they are '''nothing''' to the Chilean people). History records show to expect a big one each 10-15 years. The Biggest Earthquake recorded in the History of Recording Earthquakes is the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Valdivia_earthquake Great Chilean Earthquake]], with a subsequent Tsunami. The most recent one is [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake the 2010 Chile earthquake]], which made up for its lateness with an 8.8 in the Richter Scale. Timing and magnitude had caused this to be compared with the Haiti earthquake of 2010. Structures and buildings upheld better in the Chilean case.
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45	Their flag is very similar to UsefulNotes/{{Texas}}' flag, though they adopted its flag in 1817, way earlier than Texas. It has also been said to be similar to the flag of the United States as a whole, only in .ZIP form.
46
47	!! See also:
48	[[index]]
49	* ChileanMedia
50	[[/index]]
51	----
52	[[AC:The Chilean flag]]
53	https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/chile_flag_7214.png
54	->The flag's similarity with that of Texas is completely coincidental. The blue canton symbolizes both the sky and the Pacific Ocean, within which is a white five-pointed star, a guide of progress and honor. The white upper stripe symbolizes the snow-capped Andes, while the lower stripe is red with the blood of Chile's liberators.
55	----
56	[[AC:The Chilean national anthem]]
57
58	->Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado.
59	->Puras brisas te cruzan también.
60	->Y tu campo de flores bordado
61	->Es la copia feliz del Edén.
62	->Majestuosa es la blanca montaña
63	->Que te dio por baluarte el Señor
64	->Que te dio por baluarte el Señor,
65	->Y ese mar que tranquilo te baña
66	->Te promete futuro esplendor
67	->Y ese mar que tranquilo te baña
68	->Te promete futuro esplendor.
69
70	->Dulce Patria, recibe los votos
71	->Con que Chile en tus aras juró:
72	->Que o la tumba serás de los libres
73	->O el asilo contra la opresión
74	->Que o la tumba serás de los libres
75	->O el asilo contra la opresión
76	->Que o la tumba serás de los libres
77	->O el asilo contra la opresión
78	->O el asilo contra la opresión
79	->O el asilo contra la opresión.
80
81	--
82
83	->How pure, Chile, is your blue sky
84	->And how pure the breezes that blow across you
85	->And your countryside embroidered with flowers
86	->Is a wonderful copy of Eden
87	->How majestic are the snow-covered mountains
88	->That were given to you by God as protection
89	->That were given to you by God as protection
90	->And the sea that tranquilly bathes your shores
91	->Promises a splendor future for you
92	->And the sea that tranquilly bathes your shores
93	->Promises a splendor future for you.
94
95	->Beloved Homeland, receive the vows
96	->That Chile gave you on your altars
97	->That you be either the tomb of the free
98	->Or a refuge from oppression
99	->That you be either the tomb of the free
100	->Or a refuge from oppression
101	->That you be either the tomb of the free
102	->Or a refuge from oppression
103	->Or a refuge from oppression
104	->Or a refuge from oppression
105	----
106	[[AC:Government]]
107	* Unitary presidential constitutional republic
108	** President: Gabriel Boric
109	** President of the Senate: Juan Antonio Coloma Correa
110	** President of the Chamber of Deputies: Ricardo Cifuentes
111	----
112	[[AC:Miscellaneous]]
113	* '''Capital and largest city:''' Santiago[[note]]Santiago is the capital, but the legislature sits in Valparaíso.[[/note]]
114	* '''Population:''' 17,574,003
115	* '''Area:''' 756,096.3 km
116	(291,930.4 sq mi) (37th)
117	* '''Currency:''' Chilean peso ($) (CLP)
118	* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' CL
119	* '''Country calling code:''' 56
120	* '''Highest point:''' Ojos del Salado (6,893 m/22,615 ft) (10th)

Context UsefulNotes / Chile