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5[[quoteright:346:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/oliverbroadway.jpg]]
6
7''Oliver!'' is a musical adaptation of ''Literature/OliverTwist'', with book, music, and lyrics all by Lionel Bart. It premiered on London's West End in 1960, and had its first Broadway production in 1963.
8
9Young Oliver Twist is just one of several dozen urchins fed a starvation diet in a workhouse. When Oliver complains too much about their meager diet of gruel, he is promptly sold to an undertaker, Mr. Sowerberry. He then escapes from the Sowerberrys and makes his way to London, where he meets a pickpocket the same age as he, who is named Jack Dawkins but calls himself the "Artful Dodger".
10
11The Artful Dodger then introduces Oliver to Fagin, an older man who keeps a whole gang of urchins that he uses as pickpockets. Oliver and The Artful Dodger go out on a wallet-stealing mission, but Oliver is arrested for the wallet that the Dodger steals. This winds up getting Oliver adopted by Mr. Brownlow, the rich man who owns the wallet. However, his criminal acquaintances, namely Fagin and Fagin's even scarier and more dangerous partner, Bill Sikes the thief, decide they want Oliver back.
12
13In 1968 the play received a highly successful film adaptation, ''Film/{{Oliver}}'', directed by Creator/CarolReed. A theatrical sequel to the play titled ''Dodger'', set seven years later and focusing on the Artful Dodger, was staged in 2008 by David Lambert.
14
15Davy Jones of Music/TheMonkees played The Artful Dodger in the original production.
16
17----
18!!''Oliver!'' provides examples of:
19
20* ActorSwap: Probably since he’s [[DemotedToExtra hardly even shown]], Charley Bates is played by two different boys.
21* AdaptationDistillation: The musical simplifies matters from the book enormously by [[LukeIAmYourFather making Mr. Brownlow Oliver's grandfather]] and leaving Monks and the Mayleys out entirely.
22* AdaptationTitleChange: The title was shortened from ''Oliver Twist''.
23* AdaptationalNiceGuy: Fagin is still not exactly a heroic character, being self-serving and at least somewhat manipulative. However, he's much nicer than his villainous book counterpart, as he does show genuine kindness and care to the children he trains as thieves and makes a dramatic contrast to the abusive and cruel adults Oliver has encountered previously.[[note]]This change was made in part to downplay the anti-Semitism in the original novel, which featured a highly [[GreedyJew unflattering and stereotypical]] portrayal of this Jewish character. In the musical, not only was Fagin made more likable, but his being a Jew was [[AmbiguouslyJewish only implied]].[[/note]]
24* AdaptedOut: Monks and the Maylies are omitted. Rose was down in the notes to appear originally, but got dropped from the story.
25* AffablyEvil: Fagin and Dodger, who, while genuinely pleasant to the kids under their care, actively look for children to recruit using many of the same criteria as modern cults. [[spoiler: Fagin, however, after seeing how Nancy and Bill turned out, has something of a change of heart and, after some soul-searching and the destruction of his operation, resolves to turn over a new leaf.]]
26* AllGirlsWantBadBoys: Nancy sings about her love of Bill Sikes, the best thief, who's a cold, bullying monster. [[spoiler: It turns out bad for her in the end - he winds up killing her.]]
27* AmbiguouslyJewish: The musical omits any direct reference to Fagin's Jewishness, but Lionel Bart (who was Jewish himself) infuses Fagin's music with what has been described as a klezmer sound, and Ron Moody (who was also Jewish) played this up, particularly on the original cast album.
28* TheArtfulDodger: Jack Dawkins. Even more so than in the book.
29* BadSamaritan: Fagin, though downplayed from the book. While still somewhat self-serving, he is portrayed as something of a whimsical LoveableRogue who does to some extent [[TeamDad care for his gang]] ([[EvenEvilHasStandards or at least loathes Sikes' treatment of them]]).
30* BawdySong: In a sort of meta-example, "Oom Pah-Pah" both refers to this kind of song and is a very mild example itself.
31* BeingEvilSucks: Alone, we see Fagin contemplating this during "Reviewing the Situation", but also noting how hard it would be to start over as a good guy.
32-->'''Fagin:''' And though I'd be the first one to say that I wasn't a saint\
33I'm finding it hard to be truly as black as they paint...
34* BerserkButton: [[BewareTheNiceOnes Do not insult Oliver's dead mother.]] Or call him a liar for that matter, doesn't matter whether you are a "work ass" calling {{jerkass}} or Bill BigBad Sikes himself, you will make an ugly scene.
35* BigWordShout:
36-->'''Oliver:''' Please sir, I want some more.\
37'''Mr. Bumble:''' [[BigWhat WHAT?!]]\
38'''Oliver:''' Please sir, I want some...more?\
39'''Mr. Bumble:''' ''MORE?!!''
40* BreadEggsMilkSquick: "I'd Do Anything" starts out with cute lines about the things the boys would do, like "Would you climb a hill? (Anything!)/ Wear a daffodil? (Anything!)" etc. Then in the third verse:
41-->"Would you rob a shop?"\
42"[[GallowsHumour Would you risk the drop?]]"\
43"[[EyeScream Though your eyes go pop?]]"\
44"[[GallowsHumour When you come down, plop!]]"
45* BrokenBird: Nancy. Her plight is summed up in her song, "As Long as He Needs Me" which explains why she stays with Sikes despite his domestic abuse.
46* TheBrute: Bill Sikes.
47* CharacterTitle: Named after the main character, Oliver.
48* CheerfulChild: Oliver brings out the best in nearly everyone he meets, even Fagin. The exceptions to this [[HumansAreBastards are the completely heartless]].
49* ChildhoodFriendRomance: Both Nancy and Sikes grew up in Fagin's gang of child pickpockets, and some stage productions deliberately imply this trope when casting a younger actor as Sikes.
50* CompositeCharacter: In the book, the doctor who looks after Oliver is a separate character from Mr. Grimwig, Mr. Brownlow's friend who expresses doubts about Oliver's trustworthiness. In the musical, they are combined into the character of Dr. Grimwig.
51* CompressedAdaptation: A lot of plot convolutions and their related characters, particularly regarding Oliver's tangled family history, get left out.
52* ContrivedCoincidence: Oliver witnesses and initially gets blamed for Dodger pick-pocketing, [[spoiler: his own great uncle, no less.]]
53* CreepyMortician: The Sowerberrys, a whole family of this. They even get a song, "That's Your Funeral."
54* CriminalFoundFamily: The musical tones down the harsh character of the master thief Fagin, and his gang of apprentice pickpockets seem to be a found family for orphan Oliver. Both the stage and film versions include the rollicking song "Consider Yourself", and almost makes being a street urchin in Victorian London seem like fun. Oliver does want to be considered "one of" the gang.
55* CrowdSong: "Consider Yourself".
56* DarkReprise:
57** "It's a Fine Life" is first sung by Nancy and Bet as a relatively cheerful song, but is later reprised by Nancy, Bill Sikes, Fagin, and Dodger in a more sarcastic and dark manner.
58*** When you look at Bill's treatment of Nancy, the original becomes pretty dark on its own: "Though you sometimes do come by/The occasional black eye/You can always cover one/'Till he blacks the other one/But you don't dare cry!"
59*** In the original version (and subsequently mounted productions of the show) the orchestration, similar in tone to the rowdy, cheerful way it was sung earlier, gives this moment in the show a severe case of LyricalDissonance. The Cameron Mackintosh revival, mounted in the West End in 1994 and 2008, remedied this unfortunate imbalance, thanks largely to orchestrator Bill Brohn and arranger Chris Walker.
60** "As Long As He Needs Me" is another example: the first time Nancy sings it to demonstrate how she won't give up Bill despite his abuse, the second is right before [[spoiler:Bill decides he doesn't need her anymore - and murders her in cold blood]].
61* DeliciousDaydream: The song "Food, Glorious Food" is sung by the boys in the workhouse, who are imagining said glorious food while sick of the gruel they're being served.
62* DemotedToExtra: Charley Bates. His role is greatly reduced from the novel. Likely done to put more emphasis on the Artful Dodger.
63* DisproportionateRetribution: Speaking Bill Sikes' name aloud is, apparently, grounds for being killed, even if it's a whisper. He claims he actually followed through and ''did'' kill someone for boasting that he could his name in vain.
64* DomesticAbuse: Bill Sikes to Nancy.
65* DoubleEntendre: The entirety of "Oom-Pah-Pah" is a glorious pileup of double entendres, with just enough subtlety to avoid being cut from even the most kid-friendly productions. Though it's up to the viewer to decide whether "oom-pah-pah" is meant to be alcohol, sex, or both. [[spoiler:Considering that it's presented as a drinking song, the former is the most likely, although not by much.]]
66-->'''Nancy:''' [[LampshadeHanging They all suppose what they want to suppose]]\
67When they hear "oom-pah-pah"!
68* DownerEnding: The only character who has a happy ending is Oliver himself. And that's ''after'' watching Nancy killed by Bill Sikes, who is then killed trying to escape with Oliver. Must've been pretty traumatic to be a part of...
69* TheDreaded: Sikes. The moment he arrives in the tavern after "Oom-Pah-Pah" the whole place goes dead quiet, seguing perfectly into his VillainSong.
70-->'''Sikes:''' Strong men tremble when they hear it\
71They've got cause enough to fear it\
72It's much blacker than they smear it\
73Nobody mentions... my name.
74* DrunkenSong: "Oom-Pah-Pah": "There's a little ditty they're singing in the city, espec'lly when they've been on the gin or the beer..."
75* TheElevenOClockNumber: "Reviewing the Situation".
76* EvenEvilHasStandards: Fagin seems to dislike Bill Sikes's penchant for violence and his treatment of Nancy. The thieves and pickpockets under his care also react with horror when Sikes beats Nancy in front of them. Also, [[spoiler:when Sikes tells the gang that he murdered Nancy, Fagin is visibly horrified and refuses to help him escape]]. Even Bullseye, Sikes' rough and tough guard dog, refuses to follow his master after [[spoiler:he murders Nancy]].
77* EverythingHasRhythm: During "Consider Yourself", everyone does this with whatever it is they happen to be doing. Except maybe Dodger and Oliver.
78* ExplainExplainOhCrap: "Reviewing the Situation" is this trope in musical form. Having realized that the life of a criminal, with all its "trials and tribulations", might not be the best thing for him, and he muses over possible alternatives: getting married, living in society, getting an honest job. Each time, though, he comes to the realization halfway through that the "solution" he's describing would not be an improvement (for example, a wife would just nag him and take his money), leading him to conclude:
79-->I think I'd better think it out again.
80* TheFagin: Fagin.
81* FatalFlaw: Nancy's misplaced UndyingLoyalty to the monstrous Bill Sikes.
82* FoodSongsAreFunny: "Food, Glorious Food". A bunch of starving workhouse boys sing of having all the food they want.
83* HakunaMatata: "Consider Yourself".
84* HaveAGayOldTime: "Who Will Buy" has Oliver recite the line "I'm so high, I swear I could fly." This is referring to an ''emotional high'', of course - He's just really happy.
85* HaventYouSeenXBefore:
86-->'''The Artful Dodger:''' ''[to Oliver, who has just arrived in London]'' Whatchu starin' at? 'Aven't you never seen a toff?
87* HeelFaceTurn:
88** Nancy is forced by Sikes to lead Oliver into a trap so he can be brought back to Fagin. Later she risks her own life to save Oliver from Sikes.
89** Sikes's dog Bullseye. [[spoiler:After Sikes murders Nancy, Bullseye runs back to the crowd and leads them to Sikes and Oliver]].
90** Fagin considers the benefits of this in the song "Reviewing the Situation", but quickly changes his mind.
91** Fagin decides at the end that, with the breaking up and arrest of his gang, along with the loss of his precious treasures, there has never been a better time to change his ways.
92* IAmSong: Bill Sikes' "My Name".
93* IAmVeryBritish: In the first half, the difference is made stronger due to a juxtaposition of 'proper' and Cockney English.
94* IAmWhatIAm:
95** Fagin seems to always come back to the IAmWhatIAm decision.
96** Nancy is fully aware of the fact that Bill is a [[{{Jerkass}} complete bastard]], but she can't help [[AllGirlsWantBadBoys loving him]], complete with song. [[spoiler:And then, to top off the love fest, he kills her.]]
97* IgnoredEpiphany: Fagin, while "Reviewing the Situation," considered going straight and the situations it might result in, but finally decided:
98-->I'm reviewing the situation.\
99I'm a bad 'un and a bad 'un I shall stay!\
100You'll be seeing no transformation,\
101But it's wrong to be a rogue in ev'ry way.
102* ImGoingToHellForThis: Bill Sikes has this to say:
103-->Once bad, what's the good of turning?\
104In Hell, I'll be there a-burning\
105Meanwhile, think of what I'm earning\
106all on account of my name.
107* InnocentFlowerGirl: Though unnamed, the Rose Seller has one of the loveliest solos in the show. The part is often cast and costumed to evoke this character archetype.
108-->Who will buy my sweet red roses\
109Two blooms for a penny?
110* IrrelevantActOpener: "Oom Pah Pah" is a drinking song. Looks like it's named after everyone's favorite thing, too.
111* {{Jerkass}}:
112** Noah Claypole [[KickTheDog cheerfully insults Oliver's dead mother.]]
113** Bill Sikes takes this to an extreme.
114* KickTheDog: Bill tries to kill Bullseye, but he not only runs away, but leads the chase right to him.
115* KnightOfCerebus: Bill Sikes. The show gets ''much'' darker once he shows up.
116* LargeHam: Fagin.
117%%* LaughablyEvil: Fagin.
118* LighterAndSofter: Granted, most musicals are this by nature, but still, the original book is pretty grim.
119* LoveableRogue:
120** Fagin, [[AdaptationalHeroism de-emphasizing]] his GreedyJew characterization in the original. Particularly notable is Ron Moody's cheerfully hammy performance in the 1968 film version. (He even stands up for Oliver on two occasions.)
121** Jack Dawkins, aka the Artful Dodger, is also a "kinder gentler" version; he steals to survive but bears no malice. In fact, the [[TokenEvilTeammate only truly evil gang member]] is Sikes.
122* LoveMartyr: Poor Nancy has this BAD for Bill Sikes. She recognises this in "As Long As He Needs Me", but even though he's a murderous thug and robber who beats her and plans to kill Oliver, she still can't bring herself to hand him over to the law.
123-->As long as life is long\
124I'll love him, right or wrong\
125And somehow I'll be strong\
126As long as he needs me.
127* MassiveMultiplayerEnsembleNumber: "Who Will Buy?"
128* MoodWhiplash: The unbridled joy of "Oom Pah Pah" is followed immediately by the appearance of the sinister Bill Sikes and his chilling rendition of "My Name".
129* MusicalWorldHypotheses: The musical is mostly Alternate Universe, though the songs Nancy sings at the Three Cripples Inn ("It's a Fine Life" and "Oom Pah Pah") can fit into Diegetic.
130* NobleDemon: Fagin is a thief, who trains others to be thieves, and works with Bill Sikes, but deep down he doesn't like his life and wishes the things he does weren't necessary, and tries his best not to be too bad. This trope is exemplified in the song "Reviewing the Situation":
131-->Though I'd be the first one to say that I wasn't a saint\
132I'm finding it hard to be really as black as they paint\
133I'm reviewing the situation\
134Can a fellow be a villain all his life?...\
135I'm a bad 'un and a bad 'un I shall stay\
136You'll be seeing no transformation\
137But it's wrong to be a rogue in every way\
138I don't want nobody hurt for me\
139Or made to do the dirt for me\
140This rotten life is not for me\
141It's getting far too hot for me\
142There is no in-between for me\
143But who will change the scene for me?\
144I think I'd better think it out again!
145* OdeToFood: "Food, Glorious Food" is sung by the boys in the workhouse about how they're sick of gruel and want to eat all these other foods instead, including hot sausage with mustard, cold jelly and custard, pease pudding, and a great big steak.
146* OldTimeyAnkleTaboo: "Oom-pah-pah":
147-->Pretty little Sally\
148Goes walking down the alley\
149Displays her pretty ankles to all of the men\
150They can see her garters\
151But not for free-and-gratis--\
152An inch or two, and then she knows\
153When to say when!
154* OrphanageOfFear: The workhouse.
155* OurNudityIsDifferent: The hooker-advertising-her-wares strip tease described by Nancy:
156-->Pretty little Sally\
157Goes walking down the alley\
158Displays her pretty ankles for all of the men\
159They can see her garters\
160But ''not'' for free and gratis --\
161An inch or two, and then she knows when to say when!
162* PinballProtagonist: Oliver's an orphan, gets passed from orphanage, to a funeral home, then gets kicked out and gets picked up by the thieves guild, then is taken in by a rich old man. It's a musical, and the characters mostly sing around him as well.
163* PleaseIWillDoAnything: "I'd Do Anything" is mostly one guy saying he'd do anything for a girl, and the girl making ridiculous or strange suggestions, to all of which he agrees. Then Fagin co-opts it, and does the routine with his gang of loyal street urchins, and his suggestions are a little darker.
164%%* ProtagonistTitle
165* RelatedInTheAdaptation: Well, not really related, but a verse of “You Got To Pick A Pocket Or Two” mentions that Bill Sikes was one of Fagin’s trainees as a child, while in the book, he was just a robber that Fagin knew.
166--> Take a tip from Bill Sikes\
167He can whip what he likes\
168I recall he started small\
169He had to pick a pocket or two
170** This applies to Oliver and Mr. Brownlow in this adaptation as well. In the novel, Mr. Brownlow was a friend of Oliver's father, and would have been his sister-in-law had his bride-to-be, Oliver's paternal aunt, not died on their wedding day. In the musical, Oliver's mother Agnes is Brownlow's daughter, who ran off when her fiance jilted her (to spare her father the shame of her out-of-wedlock pregnancy). This makes Brownlow Oliver's grandfather, a plot point borrowed from David Lean's film version. The film version of the musical makes Oliver's mother his niece instead of his daughter.
171* RollingPinOfDoom: "Only it's wise to be handy with a rolling pin when the landlord comes to call!"
172* ARoundOfDrinksForTheHouse: {{Discussed}} (optimistically) in "Consider Yourself".
173--> Always a chance we'll meet somebody to foot the bill \
174 Then the drinks are on the house!
175* SayMyName: ''Oliver!''
176** But especially in "[[VillainSong My Name]]"
177--->'''Sikes:''' What is it?
178* TheScottishTrope: [[InvokedTrope Invoked.]] Bill Sikes claims to have murdered a man who boasted he could say his name in vain.
179* SidekickSong:
180** "You've Got To Pick A Pocket Or Two" serves as an AntiVillain Song for Fagin.
181** "Consider Yourself" sung by The Artful Dodger.
182** Fagin also gets arguably the most fun song in the entire show, "Reviewing the Situation." He shares the reprise with Dodger.
183* SparedByTheAdaptation:
184** [[spoiler:Fagin]] avoids capture and execution in the end.
185** [[spoiler:The Artful Dodger]] avoids arrest and being sent to Australia.
186** [[spoiler:Bullseye]] does not fall to his death leaping up at [[spoiler:Sikes' body]] as in the novel.
187* {{Undertaker}}: The Sowerberries get to sing about how wonderful their work looks at the funeral.
188* UnholyMatrimony: Subverted with the Bumbles. In their early scenes, they flirt a lot and get a whole silly love song to themselves, but by the end of the play when they reappear, having finally tied the knot, it's clear that, being awful people, they have only managed to [[AwfulWeddedLife make one another miserable]].
189* VillainSong: "[[VillainousAdviceSong You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two]]" for Fagin, "My Name" for Sikes. Other characters who have villainous traits such as the Bumbles and the Sowerberries have their own in "Oliver" and "That's Your Funeral" respectively.
190* VillainousAdviceSong: "You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two".
191* WelcomingSong: The boys sing "Consider Yourself" to welcome Oliver into their gang.
192* WhatHappenedToTheMouse: The fate of Bet in the book is to [[spoiler: end up in an asylum over the trauma of Nancy's death]], but she disappears in the musical. A lot of productions will feature her as the one who shouts [[spoiler: "You've murdered Nancy!"]] in the ending.
193* WhenImGoneSong: "Be Back Soon". The pickpocket boys sing to Fagin and he sings back as they prepare go out into the street to pickpocket. The song mainly references returning, but considering that stealing at the time could conceivably carry a death sentence by hanging, an ominous cloud hangs behind the cheery tune and lyrics. Some examples:
194** From Fagin:
195--->Fare thee well, but be back soon\
196Who can tell where danger's lurking
197** and
198--->Give me one long, last look, bless you
199** And the boys:
200--->We must disappear\
201We'll be back here\
202Today... perhaps tomorrow
203* WhenYouSnatchThePebble: During the "You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two", Fagin lets his urchins demonstrate pick pocketing to Oliver by letting them steal things from his coat. He's not trying that hard to stop them, though, since he's not training them.
204* WideEyedIdealist: The title character.
205* WouldHitAGirl: Throughout the play, Nancy is a punching bag for Bill Sikes and the beatings grow progressively worse. In the end, Nancy tries to leave with Oliver, but Bill follows them and confronts them by London Bridge. Oliver tries to stop Bill from trying to grab Nancy, but is unsuccessful; Bill – in an unprecedented display of barbaric savagery – brutally clubs Nancy to death (in the original stage play; she has also been strangled, stabbed and/or had her throat slit). Bill takes Oliver hostage and uses the lad as a bargaining tool to ensure his freedom, but Bill is still caught and killed.
206* YourMom: Noah insults Oliver's mom and outright calls him a bastard.
207
208
209!!Other specific productions add examples of:
210* BreakingTheFourthWall: In a London revival, Fagin breaks the fourth wall during a few of his monologues, especially when he is play acting with his 'treasures'. For example, he was looking through an opera glass and pretending he was at a theatre, gesturing towards the Stalls in the actual theatre (where the most expensive seats are) and mentioning that was where all the rich people were, then gesturing at the top tier and saying that was full of poor people. In the second monologue he started recounting the story of the musical and ended up saying: "What the Dickens am I going on about?"
211* CompositeCharacter: Bet will sometimes appear in "Consider Yourself" and be the one to scream [[spoiler: "You murdered Nancy!"]] towards the end.
212* FakeFood: In some productions applesauce stands in for the gruel eaten by the workhouse orphans in the opening scene. It's easy to "set up" (no cooking required), easy to clean off of prop bowls and spoons, is readily gobbled by a group of 8-14 year-old kids, and looks "truly disgusting" from the audience.
213* GenderFlip: In some productions, the Artful Dodger is played by a girl.
214* LeaningOnTheFourthWall: In some productions , the lyrics for "Reviewing the Situation" end with "There is no in between for me/But who will change the scene for me?", whereupon the set immediately starts to revolve as Fagin heads back to the fireplace to count his money.
215* MediumAwareness: In one production in London, the orchestration uses a violin soloist during "Reviewing the Situation". Since a violin is one of the items that Fagin has in his box of treasures, there were several PlayedForLaughs moments where Fagin, apparently hearing the violin solo, would stop and stare at the violin, and pick it up to examine it. The same part also featured a long monologue by Fagin where he seemed perfectly aware that he was on stage in a theatre.
216* RelatedInTheAdaptation: Some productions make Nancy and Bet sisters as opposed to best friends.
217* SparedByTheAdaptation: Some productions leave [[spoiler:Nancy]]'s death ambiguous, implying there's a chance she survived.
218
219!!The sequel ''Dodger'':
220* AdaptationExpansion: This expands on the novel's statement that Dodger got sent to a penal colony in Australia.
221* AmoralAttorney: Two crooked lawyers Snitchey and Craggs.
222* AscendedExtra: Bet, who was a SatelliteCharacter in the original, is now upgraded to the female lead.
223* TheJailer: The antagonist is a jailer called Jarver.
224* LadyMacbeth: Mrs Jarver is more evil and maniacal than her husband.
225* PromotedToLoveInterest: Bet now becomes Dodger's girlfriend.
226* RedemptionQuest: The plot involves Oliver helping Dodger reform.
227* YoungerAndHipper: With a seven-year TimeSkip, Oliver and Dodger are now teens.

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