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7* Mocked in ''Series/TheDailyShow'''s ''[[Literature/AmericaTheBook America: The Book: A Citizen's Guide To Democracy Inaction]]'', which contained a chart demonstrating how as the Congo's "[[BlatantLies Inherent Lies]] in [[NonIndicativeName Name]]" had increased, so had its oppression level.
8-->Sub-Saharan Africa's largest nation has grown more oppressive over the decades, and its name has kept pace.\
9Congo. Lies in name: 0. Oppression level: bloody.\
10Republic of the Congo. Lies in name: 1. Oppression level: sadistic.\
11Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lies in name: 2. Oppression level: inhuman.\
12People's Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lies in name: 3. Oppression level: genocidal.\
13[[Music/{{REM}} Shiny Happy People's]] Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lies in name: 5. Oppression level: [[DontAskJustRun hide]].
14** Although the Republic part isn't really a lie.
15* ''Literature/ApeAndEssence'' by Aldous Huxley has a post-apocalyptic Satanist theocracy which has to remind its subjects, when they want to do something the church disallows, that "this is a Democracy... in which every proletarian enjoys perfect freedom."
16* ''Literature/AtlasShrugged'': Every non-United States country we hear about in Ayn Rand's novel is the "People's State of (Fill in the Blank)". Of course, they are all [[{{Dystopia}} oppressive, poverty-stricken hellholes]]. Argentina and Chile are stated to have been non-People's States countries, and others are suggested to exist. The transitions seem both inevitable and [[StuffBlowingUp to not go well]]. In Chile's case, the transition comes midway through the book, as just one more step the world is taking towards universal communism.
17* In Creator/RobertAHeinlein's short story ''Coventry'' the most totalitarian nation in the Coventry is called "The Free State".
18* The Commonwealth of States from ''Literature/DarkLife'' sound like it would be an example of The Federation. While it does look like they may be an actual federation (you know like the United Sates, Mexico, Canada, Australia, Austria, Germany, Switzerland or Russia), but they are far from fitting [[PropagandaMachine the]] [[CorruptPolitician trope’s]] [[GovernmentExploitedCrisis definition]].
19* Inverted on the ''Literature/{{Discworld}}''. Ephebe, the only democratic nation, is headed by a Tyrant. Yes, the Tyrant is regularly voted out of office.[[labelnote:+]]This also calls back to ancient Greece, when "tyrant" meant a ruler who rose to power via unconventional means such as a populist coup, not inheritance or election, before it picked up its modern connotation.[[/labelnote]]
20** Democracy is, in fact, considered inherently flawed by the rest of the Discworld, on the basis that there's no way to keep Nobby Nobbs out of the voting.
21** Played more or less straight in ''The Compleat Discworld Atlas'', where it's revealed that the Agatean Empire is now the People's Beneficent Republic of Agatea. Madame Chairwoman is Twoflower's daughter Pretty Butterfly, who's not really ''evil'' as such, but the included list of regulations does suggest that the typical peasant doesn't have much more freedom than he did under a succession of insane emperors. And probably a lot less than he did under Emperor Cohen. This was foreshadowed back in ''Literature/InterestingTimes'', when Rincewind predicted that if the Red Army overthrew the empire and announced the guys standing in fields looking after water buffalo now ruled themselves "by means of the People's Committee" there probably wouldn't actually be many water-buffalo-string-holders on the Committee, and probably quite a few members of the Red Army.
22%%* The Republic of Zangaro on Frederick Forsyth's ''Literature/TheDogsOfWar''.
23* ''Literature/{{Emberverse}}'': The Provisional Republic of Iowa. In theory, it maintained its pre-Change system of government, but in practice is a hereditary dictatorship (and becomes a full-blown feudal monarchy in later books, thanks in no small part to Mathilda's meddling) where people can be sent to slave labor in mines for stepping out of line. The other states in the Midwest, which are essentially Iowa's puppet states, are implied to be much the same. It says a lot about [[CrapsackWorld the state of things]] that [[BlackandGreyMorality they're considered the good guys, at least compared to]] [[ReligionOfEvil the Church Universal and Triumphant]].
24* Creator/IsaacAsimov's ''Literature/FoundationSeries'':
25** "Literature/TheMerchantPrinces": The Republic of Korell, which is for all intents and purposes a one-man state ruled by an extremely repressive and vicious ruler named Commdor Asper Argo, who styles himself as JustTheFirstCitizen and assures visitors that he is called the [[BlatantLies "Well-Beloved"]]. It is also wretchedly poor, has a SecretPolice and the infrastructure, like the population, seems poor and underdeveloped. The main character of the story, Hober Mallow, sourly notes that for such a beloved man, his house (which is more like a Palace) is unnaturally well-defended, heavily fortified and has a large complement of guards.
26--->''"Korell is that frequent phenomenon in history: the republic whose ruler has every attribute of the absolute monarch but the name. It therefore enjoyed the usual despotism unrestrained even by those two moderating influences in the legitimate monarchies: regal 'honor' and court etiquette."''
27** "Literature/TheMule": The Foundation has fallen into an inherited dictatorship, full of corruption and inefficiency. Associated colonies self-identifying as [[ProudMerchantRace Traders keep up the old mercantile traditions]], with civil war looming between the [[DecadentCourt corrupt central government]] and the democratically focused population until the Mule comes in [[ConflictKiller and smashes both]].
28* The Republic of Gilead, a Christian fundamentalist theocracy in ''Literature/TheHandmaidsTale''. In Gilead (which is supposedly somewhere in the US), women have little to no rights, are forbidden to read, write or hold a job, and fertile ones are used as brood mares for the upper class. Society is rigidly divided, privacy is practically nonexistent, [[SecretPolice the secret police]] is everywhere, and rebels deviating from societal or religious norms are hanged publicly. It's also implied that Jews and people of color have been massacred.
29* ''Literature/HarrisonBergeron'': America becomes this under Handicapper General Diana's rule. Everyone is equal (except her), but no one outside the elite is free.
30* ''Literature/HonorHarrington'':
31** In the backstory, the Republic of Haven becomes the ''People's'' Republic of Haven when it makes its legislature hereditary and becomes a BreadAndCircuses welfare state, and keeps the name when it undergoes a revolution and becomes an unholy mix of [[UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution Revolutionary France]] and [[DirtyCommunists Communist Russia]]. It only gets better after a ''second'' revolution, where it drops the "People's". The trope is [[DiscussedTrope discussed]] by William Alexander, Lord of the Manticoran Exchequer, when he complains that public opinion in the Solarian League backs Haven because it is a republic while Manticore is TheEmpire, and the people of the Solarian League assume that [[GoodRepublicEvilEmpire a republic must be a democracy while an empire must be autocratic]]. Later on, Havenite Secretary of War Thomas Theisman muses that he ''really wishes'' he could just have Arnold Giancola, the guy he ''knows'' is behind the resumption of the shooting war with Manticore, taken behind a shed and shot, but specifically notes they have to do everything by the book to show they are not the ''People's'' Republic of Haven anymore.
32*** In one of the ''Worlds of Honor'' short stories, a group of oppressed women and children escaping the planet Masada in a stolen spaceship need to figure out which ship in orbit they should seek help from: one from the Star Kingdom of Manticore, or one from the People's Republic of Haven. They decide that they should avoid the latter, because if it really cared about people, [[SuspiciouslySpecificDenial they wouldn't feel the need to say so in their name]].
33** Played with by the Star ''Empire'' of Manticore. They fit the dictionary definition (an aggregate of nations or people ruled over by an emperor or other powerful sovereign or government). But they aren't ''imperial'', as in, they don't go out and conquer new territory. Every star nation that has joined has been the one to ''[[VoluntaryVassal ask]]'' to be annexed. This is considered to be a superior fate to ending up under the aforementioned People's Republic of Haven, or the Solarian ''League'', which ''is'' imperial in all but name.
34* Creator/TomKratman:
35** ''Literature/{{Caliphate}}'': The Boer Free State is an apartheid regime ruled by a white conservative elite that enslaves the black population (it's no coincidence that it shares the same name with the real-life example of the [[UsefulNotes/DemocraticRepublicOfTheCongo Congo Free State]]). They control virtually all of Sub-Saharan Africa with the exception of Zululand, an black-majority kingdom that serves as a vassal to the Boers.
36** ''Literature/ADesertCalledPeace'' specifically points this out in a paragraph that goes something like this: People's Republic means dictatorship. Democratic Republic means oppressive and corrupt dictatorship. People's Democratic Republic means really oppressive and corrupt dictatorship with genocidal ambitions.
37* ''Literature/TheOrphanMastersSon'', a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel about life in the CrapsackWorld known as the [[UsefulNotes/NorthKorea Democratic People's Republic of Korea]].
38* Creator/GeorgeOrwell
39** In ''Literature/AnimalFarm'', the Farm declares itself a republic years after it has turned into a totalitarian state, so that it can have one-candidate elections.
40** ''Literature/NineteenEightyFour'':
41*** Averted with Oceania, which is never given a pre-title at all. As [[spoiler:O'Brien]] explains in the third-act GrandInquisitorScene, the Party has no illusions about what they are or [[{{Dystopia}} what kind of society they are creating]]. They even distribute a fake book to lure in possible rebels, which they titled "The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism", which is a pretty accurate DoubleSpeak descriptor for their form of government. Since "Ingsoc" is short for English Socialism, and Orwell himself was an avowed socialist, Oceania might have been at least nominally a republic at first, though the Ministry of Truth has since been ruthlessly eliminating all evidence that freer forms of government could ever have existed.
42*** While not countries themselves, the names of Oceania's Ministries fit this trope in spirit - the Ministry of Peace is concerned with maintaining the ForeverWar between the three world governments, the Ministry of Plenty maintains an artificial famine to keep the populace in line, the [[PropagandaMachine Ministry of Truth]] is in charge of defining what is "true" for the moment through creating propaganda and obscuring information that the Party doesn't want to be public knowledge, and the [[StateSec Ministry of Love]] instills "love" towards Big Brother by committing nightmarish ColdBloodedTorture against dissidents.
43* ''Literature/TheReluctantKing'': Vindium became a "republic" whose First Consul later had anyone who disagreed with him beheaded, convinced that his opinions were infallibly true, with anyone against him an "enemy of the people". The people, meanwhile, he defined solely as those who shared his views, even if those were a minority. Because of this, he held any vote against him to be invalid by definition. Not happy with just Vindium, he tried to spread his wondrous "republican" values through conquest, which led to his death.
44* According to the [[Literature/JetlagTravelGuides travel guide]] for ''San Sombrèro'', the "full and technically correct" name of the country is the "Democratic Free People's United Republic of San Sombrèro". The country is run by warlords who are replaced with other warlords as often as the people change their bedsheets.
45* In ''Literature/ShootingScript'', by Gavin Lyall, the ''Republica Libra'' is a Central American state with a name that means (obviously) "Free Republic". Naturally, it's really a dictatorship run by whichever general or "liberator" won the most recent civil war, which one doesn't matter, and which lasts only until the next civil war.
46* In the ''Literature/SkolianSaga'', the Eubeian Concord is TheEmpire, ruled by a race of sadistic anti-empaths with [[RedEyesTakeWarning red eyes]], called Aristos or Traders. Everyone else is a slave, and, as one character puts it, "the Aristos are only in concord about their desire to conquer and enslave everyone else, and their slaves have no choice but to be in concord with their masters."
47* ''Literature/ASongOfIceAndFire'' had the old Valyrian Freehold, despite its name its very much TheEmpire, and it practiced slavery just as much as the old Ghiscari Empire it supplanted (though from the scant information we have, it seems to have been a matter of exact words in the same way the Roman Republic, one of the Freehold's inspirations: the Valyrian Freehold was a Freehold ''for Valyria itself''... which was only a fraction of the territory under Valyrian dominion).
48* ''Literature/SpaceCaptainSmith'' has two. As its name suggests, the Democratic Republic of New Eden is a hellish theocratic tyranny. Then there is the Greater Galactic Happiness, Friendship, and Co-operation Collective, which is run by demented sadistic lemming-men intent on conquest.
49* In a ''VideoGame/SplinterCell'' novel, Sam Fisher muses that, as a rule, the level of a country's dictatorship is directly proportional to the number of democratic descriptives in its name.
50* In the ''Literature/SwordOfTruth'' series, the fortress city of the royal line that rules D'Hara is called the People's Palace. The name actually fits, in a weird way: the entire structure's design is that of a power spell, meant to sap energy from spellcasters on the grounds and give it to the ruling Rahl. The spell form, though, is "drawn" with all the people moving through the palace, so without them, it would be powerless. The D'Haran army in the first book was called the People's Army of Peace...
51* ''Franchise/StarWarsLegends'': ''Literature/LegacyOfTheForce'' has TheRepublic become reorganized into the [[TheFederation Galactic Federation of Free Alliances]] following its initial collapse during the [[OutsideContextProblem Vong War]]. During the Second Galactic CivilWar, Jedi Knight Jacen Solo fell to the DarkSide and became Darth Caedus, pushing through increasingly dictatorial reforms such as internment and assassination of dissidents and the formation of a SecretPolice before JumpingOffTheSlipperySlope [[spoiler: and murdering his aunt, Jedi Master Mara Jade Skywalker]].
52* Creator/PoulAnderson's "Withit's Collegiate Dictionary", from ''Literature/ThereWillBeTime'', contains the following definition:
53-->''Republic:'' A country whose government is chosen not on a basis of heredity or riches but by the electorate, from whom political power grows.\
54''People's Republic:'' One in which the electorate consists of a gun barrel.
55* The ''Literature/ThursdayNext'' series has a People's Republic of Wales which has a president for life and has opened a free trade zone in the manner of China. England itself in the series might count, as it is a republic rather than a monarchy, and although it isn't really markedly Socialist, it is fairly Orwellian and dominated by a MegaCorp.
56* In ''Literature/Timeline191'', the CSA under President Jake Featherston. Firstly, despite its name, the Confederate States (which, in RealLife as well as in the series, started out as a confederation of states with a somewhat weaker central government), becomes a unitary totalitarian state, where everyone must fall in line with Featherston and take their marching orders from Richmond. Secondly, the Freedom Party is about anything but freedom, as is lampshaded in the series. Considering it's an alternate-history version of UsefulNotes/NaziGermany (complete with Featherston eventually wanting to kill every black person in the Americas), the hypocrisy is intentional.
57* The Heiburg Republic in ''Literature/UndefeatedBahamutChronicle'' is actually a military dictatorship where soldiers routinely brutalize the citizens. It wasn't always this way, but oppression by a more powerful country created a need for greater military power, leading to the current situation.
58* While The United Human Federation (which is a lie from the start since in only controls the inner planets) in Dani and Eytan Kollin's ''Literature/{{Unincorporated}}'' series starts out fairly democratic, in fact it starts by increasing the franchise by granting it to anyone who joins the military, it becomes less as the series progresses. By the final book a cabinet member admits that they are well on the way to becoming a socialist state and perhaps even a communist one, even though they started out, [[CrapsaccharineWorld on the surface at least]] as a libertarian paradise.
59%%* This has sort of happened in ''Literature/WildCards'', with the People's Paradise of Africa, which encompasses the Congo.

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