| 1 | [[quoteright:321:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/screen_shot_2014-08-05_at_5_09_10_pm_6844.png]] |
| 2 | [[caption-width-right:321:Go on. Start humming it. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LML6SoNE7xE You know you want to.]]]] |
| 3 | |
| 4 | The term ''Legendarium''[[note]]A Latin word meaning a collection of legends, such as lives of Christian saints[[/note]] is used as a collective term for all the HighFantasy works of Creator/JRRTolkien set in the world of Arda/Middle-earth. (To be exact, Middle-earth[[note]]spelt with hyphen and lowercase e[[/note]] is a continent in the world Arda, but the former is also commonly used to refer to the whole universe.) The term is used mostly out of convenience, as Tolkien used it informally in private letters a few times but never really gave the entirety of his [[TheVerse fictional universe or setting]] a proper "label" otherwise. So while not strictly a FanNickname, fans of his works, including academia, have gone on to use it more than he did. |
| 5 | |
| 6 | The earliest drafts of the great stories of the legendarium were written around the time of UsefulNotes/WorldWarI, and continued to grow from there on. Tolkien worked on the legendarium for most of his life, continually exploring it further, developing and changing it again and again. |
| 7 | |
| 8 | The first book published, ''The Hobbit'', actually wasn't intended as part of the legendarium, only to borrow some material. When Tolkien began writing the ''Hobbit''-sequel that was to become ''The Lord of the Rings'', he moved the story of both books into the Middle-earth setting. This fact is responsible for the seeming inconsistencies in tone and canon between ''The Hobbit'' and the other Middle-earth works; this is often mistaken for the world and story having matured up by those who [[OlderThanTheyThink do not know it existed before]]. He also made some minor changes in a later edition of ''The Hobbit'' to match better with ''The Lord of the Rings'', while also providing an in-universe justification for the original discrepancies in the latter. |
| 9 | |
| 10 | The published books are: |
| 11 | [[index]] |
| 12 | * ''Literature/TheHobbit'' (first edition 1937) |
| 13 | * ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings'' (originally published in three volumes; first edition 1954--55) |
| 14 | * ''The Adventures of Tom Bombadil'' (collection of "in-universe" poetry, 1962; also compiled together with non-legendarium works like ''Literature/FarmerGilesOfHam'' in the anthology ''The Tolkien Reader'', 1966) |
| 15 | * ''Literature/TheSilmarillion'' (first edition 1977) |
| 16 | * ''Literature/UnfinishedTalesOfNumenorAndMiddleEarth'' (1980) |
| 17 | * ''Literature/TheHistoryOfMiddleEarth'' (12 volumes, 1983--96) |
| 18 | * ''Literature/TheChildrenOfHurin'' (2007) |
| 19 | * ''Literature/TheHistoryOfTheHobbit'' (2 volumes, 2007) |
| 20 | * ''Literature/BerenAndLuthien'' (2017) |
| 21 | * ''Literature/TheFallOfGondolin'' (2018) |
| 22 | * ''[[Literature/TheNatureOfMiddleEarth The Nature of Middle-earth]]'' (2021) |
| 23 | * ''Literature/TheFallOfNumenor'' (2022) |
| 24 | [[/index]] |
| 25 | |
| 26 | Only the first three were published during his lifetime; the rest were published posthumously by his son and literary executor Christopher, except ''The History of The Hobbit'' which is by John Rateliff, ''The Nature of Middle-earth'' by Carl F. Hostetter, and ''The Fall of Númenor'' by Brian Sibley. Of these, ''The Silmarillion'' and ''The Children of Húrin'' consist of a single narrative edited together from Tolkien's texts, while the rest are collections of Tolkien's material (with commentaries and notes), ranging from complete narratives to early and new drafts, to essays. |
| 27 | |
| 28 | ''The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien'' (1981) includes some details and elaborations about the stories which are not found anywhere else, and ''Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien'' (1979) and ''J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator'' (1995) contain numerous illustrations of Arda, although these books are not concerned solely with the Legendarium. Several of JRRT's linguistic texts which did not appear in ''The History of Middle-earth'' have been published in the periodicals ''Vinyar Tengwar'', ''Parma Eldalamberon'', and ''Tyalië Tyelelliéva''. Some of these were later collected in ''The Nature of Middle-earth''. |
| 29 | |
| 30 | Additionally, there are several titles used for collective bodies of stories (which are used in the fictional world, and also real-world terms to include all relevant material independently of published books), among them: |
| 31 | * The ''Ainulindalë'' (the creation of the universe) |
| 32 | * The ''Valaquenta'' (the Account of the Valar) |
| 33 | * The (''Quenta'') ''Silmarillion'' (the First Age and wars surrounding the Silmarils) |
| 34 | * The ''Narn'' (''i chîn Húrin'') (the story of the Children of Húrin) |
| 35 | * The ''Akallabêth'' (History and Downfall of Númenor in the Second Age) |
| 36 | * The ''Red Book of Westmarch'' (Bilbo and Frodo's journeys, including supplementary material) |
| 37 | ---- |
| 38 | !!Adaptations |
| 39 | There have been adaptations in various media: |
| 40 | |
| 41 | !! {{Audio Play}}s |
| 42 | * ''AudioPlay/{{The Lord of the Rings|1955}}'' (1955-1956) - Twelve episodes adaptation for Creator/{{BBC}} Radio's Third Programm |
| 43 | * ''AudioPlay/{{The Hobbit|1968}}'' (1968) - An adaptation for Creator/{{BBC}} Radio |
| 44 | * ''AudioPlay/{{The Lord of the Rings|1979}}'' (1979) - Radio adaptation by Bernard Mayes, produced by The Mind's Eye for US National Public Radio. |
| 45 | ** ''AudioPlay/{{The Hobbit|1979}}'' (1979) |
| 46 | * ''AudioPlay/DerHobbit'' (1980) - German radio series |
| 47 | * ''AudioPlay/TheLordOfTheRings'' (1981) - An adaptation for Creator/{{BBC}} Radio |
| 48 | * ''AudioPlay/{{Hobit}}'' (1989) - Slovak radio series |
| 49 | * ''AudioPlay/DerHerrDerRinge'' (1991-1992) - German language radio adaptation |
| 50 | * ''[[AudioPlay/PanPrstenov Pán prsteňov]]'' (2001-2003) - Slovak radio series |
| 51 | |
| 52 | !! ComicBooks |
| 53 | * ''The Hobbit'' (1964-1965) - Published in ''Princess and Girl'' magazine in the United Kingdom. |
| 54 | * ''ComicBook/TheLordOfTheRings'' (1979-1981) - Based on the Ralph Bakshi animated adaptation, illustrated by Luis Bermejo. While available in several European countries and translated into their respective languages, [[NoExportForYou it was never published in English]]. |
| 55 | * ''The Hobbit'' (1989) - Three-issue series published by Eclipse Comics, adapted by Chuck Dixon, and illustrated by David T. Wenzel. |
| 56 | |
| 57 | [[index]] |
| 58 | !! Film |
| 59 | * ''[[WesternAnimation/JRRTolkiensTheHobbit The Hobbit!]]'' (1966) - an animated short created from a failed attempt to make a full-length animated movie. |
| 60 | * ''Script/JohnBoormanLordOfTheRings'' (1970) - Script for an unproduced film adaptation by Creator/JohnBoorman, best known for taking significant liberties with the source material. |
| 61 | * ''WesternAnimation/TheHobbit'' (animated) - The [[Creator/RankinBassProductions Rankin/Bass]] animated adaptation of this book. |
| 62 | * ''WesternAnimation/{{The Lord of the Rings}}'' (animated) - The Creator/RalphBakshi animated adaptation (covers about 1 1/2 of the books). |
| 63 | * ''WesternAnimation/{{The Return of the King}}'' (animated) - The Rankin/Bass animated adaptation of the third part. |
| 64 | * ''Film/TheLordOfTheRings'' (film series) - The live-action adaptation trilogy by Creator/PeterJackson. Easily the most well-known version. |
| 65 | ** ''Film/TheLordOfTheRingsTheFellowshipOfTheRing'' (2001) |
| 66 | ** ''Film/TheLordOfTheRingsTheTwoTowers'' (2002) |
| 67 | ** ''Film/TheLordOfTheRingsTheReturnOfTheKing'' (2003) |
| 68 | ** ''The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim'' (2024) - An animated feature film set centuries before ''The Lord of the Rings'' trilogy, featuring Helm Hammerhand's defense of Rohan from a Dunlending invasion. |
| 69 | * ''Film/TheHobbit'' (film series) - Another trilogy of Peter Jackson live-action adaptations. |
| 70 | ** ''Film/TheHobbitAnUnexpectedJourney'' (2012) |
| 71 | ** ''Film/TheHobbitTheDesolationOfSmaug'' (2013) |
| 72 | ** ''Film/TheHobbitTheBattleOfTheFiveArmies'' (2014) |
| 73 | |
| 74 | !!{{Gamebooks}} |
| 75 | * ''Tolkien Quest'' published by Iron Crown Enterprises using the [=QuestGame=] System. |
| 76 | ** ''Night of the Nazgûl'' (1985) |
| 77 | ** ''The Legend of Weathertop'' (1985) |
| 78 | * ''Middle-earth Quest'' published by Iron Crown Enterprises using the [=QuestGame=] System. |
| 79 | ** ''Rescue in Mirkwood'' (1986) |
| 80 | ** ''A Spy In Isengard'' (1988) |
| 81 | ** ''Treason at Helm's Deep'' (1988) |
| 82 | ** ''Mines of Moria'' (1988) |
| 83 | |
| 84 | !! LiveActionTelevision |
| 85 | * ''Series/TheTaleOfTheRing'' (1971) - A Swedish two-part adaptation of ''Fellowship''. Based on and featuring music by Bo Hansson. |
| 86 | * ''Series/{{Jackanory}}'' (1979) - A ten episode adaptation of ''The Hobbit''. |
| 87 | * ''The Hobbit'' (1985) - Soviet teleplay adaptation of ''The Hobbit''. |
| 88 | * ''Series/TheKeepers'' (1991) - Soviet two-part adaptation of ''Fellowship''. |
| 89 | * ''Series/TheHobbits'' (1993) - A Finnish {{miniseries}} adaptation of ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''. |
| 90 | * ''Series/TheLordOfTheRingsTheRingsOfPower'' (2022) - Creator/PrimeVideo series about the Second Age. |
| 91 | |
| 92 | !! {{Pinball}} |
| 93 | * ''Pinball/TheLordOfTheRings'' (2003) - Created by Creator/{{Stern}}; based on Peter Jackson's film trilogy. |
| 94 | * ''Pinball/TheHobbit'' (2016) - Created by Creator/JerseyJackPinball; based on Peter Jackson's film trilogy. |
| 95 | |
| 96 | !! TabletopGames |
| 97 | * ''Conquest of the Ring'' (1970) |
| 98 | * ''The Battle of Helm's Deep'' (1974) |
| 99 | * ''Siege of Barad-Dur'' (1975) |
| 100 | * ''TabletopGame/TheRingbearer'' (1975) |
| 101 | * ''TabletopGame/QuestOfTheMagicRing'' (1975) |
| 102 | * ''Battle of the Five Armies'' (1975) |
| 103 | * ''The Siege of Minas Tirith'' (1975) - A board wargame published by Fact and Fantasy Games. |
| 104 | * ''War of the Ring: The Game of Middle-earth'' (1976) - A board wargame published by Fantasy Games Unlimited. |
| 105 | * ''Middle-earth Wargames Rules First Part: Mordor & the West'' (1976) |
| 106 | * ''The Games of Middle-earth'' (1977) - Board wargames published by Simulations Publications, Inc. |
| 107 | ** ''Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith'' |
| 108 | ** ''Sauron'' |
| 109 | ** ''War of the Ring'' |
| 110 | * ''There and Back Again'' (1977) |
| 111 | * ''The Hobbit Game'' (1977) |
| 112 | * ''The Lord of the Rings Adventure Game'' (1978) |
| 113 | * ''The Hobbit: The Adventures of Bilbo in Middle-earth from The Lord of the Rings'' (1978) |
| 114 | * ''Riddle of the Ring'' (1982) - Tabletop game by Iron Crown Enterprises. |
| 115 | * ''The Fellowship of the Ring'' (1983) - Tabletop game by Iron Crown Enterprises. |
| 116 | * ''The Lonely Mountain - Lair of Smaug the Dragon'' (1984) - Tabletop game by Iron Crown Enterprises. |
| 117 | * ''TabletopGame/TheBattleOfFiveArmies'' (1984) - Tabletop game by Iron Crown Enterprises. |
| 118 | * ''TabletopGame/MiddleEarthRolePlaying'' (1984) - TheRolePlayingGame by Iron Crown Enterprises. |
| 119 | * ''TabletopGame/{{Ringgeister}}'' (1992) |
| 120 | * ''The Hobbit Adventure Boardgame'' (1994) - Board game published by Queen Games in Europe and Iron Crown Enterprises in North America |
| 121 | * ''Middle-earth Collectible Card Game'' (1995) - The CCG by Iron Crown Enterprises. |
| 122 | * ''The Lord of the Rings Tarot Deck and Card Game'' (1997) |
| 123 | * ''La Battaglia dei Cinque Eserciti'' (1997) |
| 124 | * ''Lord of the Rings'' (2000) - A board game originally published in by Kosmos in Germany. |
| 125 | * ''[[TabletopGame/LordOfTheRingsTheSearch Lord of the Rings: The Search]]'' (2001) |
| 126 | * ''The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game'' also known as ''The Hobbit Strategy Battle Game'' and ''Middle-earth: Strategy Battle game'' (2001) - The tabletop miniature wargame by Creator/GamesWorkshop that takes inspiration from both the Jackson films and the original books. |
| 127 | * ''The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game'' (2001) - The CCG by Decipher. |
| 128 | * ''The Hobbit: The Defeat of Smaug'' (2001) |
| 129 | * ''Der Herr der Ringe: Die Gefährten'' (2001) |
| 130 | * ''The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game'' (2002) - [[/index]]TheRolePlayingGame by Decipher.[[index]] |
| 131 | * ''Tri-Memo: The Lord of the Rings – The Two Towers'' (2002) |
| 132 | * ''El Señor de los Anillos: Las Dos Torres'' (2002) |
| 133 | * ''Risk: The Lord of the Rings'' (2002) - [[/index]]A strategy game based on ''TabletopGame/{{Risk}}''.[[index]] |
| 134 | * ''Lord of the Rings: The Duel'' (2002) |
| 135 | * ''Lord of the Rings: The Confrontation'' (2002) |
| 136 | * ''Der Herr der Ringe: Die Zwei Türme'' (2002) |
| 137 | * ''Lord of the Rings: Wizards' Duel'' (2003) |
| 138 | * ''[[/index]]TabletopGame/{{Monopoly}}: The Lord of the Rings Trilogy Edition[[index]]'' (2003) |
| 139 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: Combat Hex Tradeable Miniatures Game'' (2003) |
| 140 | * ''Lord of the Rings: Battle of Destiny'' (2003) |
| 141 | * ''Lord of the Rings Trivia Game'' (2003) |
| 142 | * ''The Lord of the Rings Labyrinth'' (2003) - [[/index]]A game based on ''TabletopGame/{{Labyrinth}}''. |
| 143 | * ''Lord of the Rings'' (2003) |
| 144 | * ''Der Herr der Ringe: Die Rückkehr des Königs'' (2003) |
| 145 | * ''TabletopGame/WarOfTheRing'' (2004) - A strategy board game published by Ares Games. |
| 146 | ** ''The Battle of Five Armies'' (2014) |
| 147 | ** ''Hunt for the Ring'' (2017) |
| 148 | * ''Stratego: Lord of the Rings Trilogy Edition'' (2004) - [[/index]]A game based on ''TabletopGame/{{Stratego}}''.[[index]] |
| 149 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Board Game'' (2004) |
| 150 | * ''The Lord of The Rings: Board Game'' (2007) |
| 151 | * ''Middle-earth Quest'' (2009) |
| 152 | * ''[[TabletopGame/TheHobbitBoardGame The Hobbit: Board Game]]'' (2010) |
| 153 | * ''TabletopGame/TheOneRing / Adventures in Middle-earth'' (2011) - [[TheRolePlayingGame The tabletop RPGs]] by Creator/Cubicle7. They're essentially the same game, but use different systems - ''The One Ring'' uses its own unique system, while ''Adventures in Middle-earth'' uses 5th edition ''TabletopGame/DungeonsAndDragons''. |
| 154 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game'' (2011) - The LCG by Creator/FantasyFlightGames. |
| 155 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: The Complete Trilogy – Adventure Board Game'' (2012) |
| 156 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth'' (2012) |
| 157 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: Nazgul'' (2012) |
| 158 | * ''Der Hobbit: Eine unerwartete Reise – Das Spiel zum Film'' (2012) |
| 159 | * ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey – Das Kartenspiel'' (2012) |
| 160 | * ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey – Adventure Board Game'' (2012) |
| 161 | * ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Board Game'' (2012) |
| 162 | * ''TabletopGame/TheHobbitCardGame'' (2012) - A trick-based card game featuring Bilbo, Thorin, Gandalf, Smaug, and Bolg. |
| 163 | * ''[[TabletopGame/CerberusEngineGames The Lord of the Rings/The Hobbit Deck-Building Game]]'' (2012/2013) - An inter-compatible series of deck-builders by Cryptozoic Entertainment. |
| 164 | * ''The Lord of the Rings Dice Building Game'' (2013) - A dice-building game produced by Creator/WizKids. |
| 165 | * ''Der Hobbit: Smaugs Einöde'' (2013) |
| 166 | * ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey – Journey to the Lonely Mountain Strategy Game'' (2013) |
| 167 | * ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' (2013) |
| 168 | * ''Hobbit Tales from the Green Dragon Inn'' (2013) - A story telling card game by Creator/Cubicle7. |
| 169 | * ''The Hobbit: Enchanted Gold'' (2014) |
| 170 | * ''Love Letter: The Hobbit – The Battle of the Five Armies'' (2015) - Game based on ''TabletopGame/LoveLetter'' by Seiji Kanai. |
| 171 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: Journey to Mordor'' (2015) - A press your luck dice game. |
| 172 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: Quest to Mount Doom'' (2018) - A boardgame by Creator/GamesWorkshop. |
| 173 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: Journeys in Middle-earth'' (2019) - A boardgame by Creator/FantasyFlightGames. |
| 174 | * ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Party'' (2020) - A game from Weta Workshop set during the opening scenes of ''An Unexpected Journey''. |
| 175 | * ''Lord of the Rings: Battle in Balin's Tomb'' (2021) |
| 176 | * ''The Lord Of The Rings: Adventure To Mount Doom'' (2023) - A co-operative game from KOSMOS. |
| 177 | * ''The Lord of the Rings Adventure Book Game'' (2023) - Third entry into Ravensburger's ''Adventure Book Game'' series. |
| 178 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: Tales of Middle-earth'' (2023) - A ''TabletopGame/MagicTheGathering'' set. |
| 179 | |
| 180 | !! Video games |
| 181 | * ''VideoGame/{{Shadowfax}}'' (1982) - A simple action game where Gandalf rides around and blasts Nazgul, by Postern Ltd. |
| 182 | * ''VideoGame/{{The Hobbit|1982}}'' (1982) - An InteractiveFiction game by Creator/MelbourneHouse. |
| 183 | * ''[[VideoGame/LordOfTheRingsGameOne Lord of the Rings: Game One]]'' (1985) - An InteractiveFiction game by Creator/MelbourneHouse. |
| 184 | * ''VideoGame/TheShadowsOfMordor'' (1987) - An InteractiveFiction game by Creator/MelbourneHouse. |
| 185 | * ''VideoGame/WarInMiddleEarth'' (1988) - A RealTimeStrategy game by Creator/MelbourneHouse. |
| 186 | * ''The Crack of Doom'' (1989) - An InteractiveFiction game by Beam Software. |
| 187 | * ''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol I'' (1990) - Role-playing games by Interplay Productions. |
| 188 | ** ''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol II: The Two Towers'' (1992) |
| 189 | * ''Riders of Rohan'' (1991) - a strategy game co-developed by Beam Software and Papyrus Design Group |
| 190 | * ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsVolume1'' (1994) - an action role-playing game produced by Interplay Productions for the Platform/{{SNES}} |
| 191 | * ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsTheFellowshipOfTheRing'' (2002) - An ActionAdventure game by Creator/{{Sierra}} / Creator/{{Vivendi}}. |
| 192 | * ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsTheTwoTowers'' (2002) - An action game by Creator/ElectronicArts. |
| 193 | * ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsTheReturnOfTheKing'' (2003) - An action game by Creator/ElectronicArts. |
| 194 | * ''VideoGame/{{The Hobbit|2003}}'' (2003) - An ActionAdventure game by Vivendi Universal. |
| 195 | * ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsWarOfTheRing'' (2003) - A RealTimeStrategy game by Creator/{{Sierra}} / Creator/{{Vivendi}}. |
| 196 | * ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsTheThirdAge'' (2004) - A role-playing game by Creator/ElectronicArts. |
| 197 | * ''VideoGame/TheBattleForMiddleEarth'' (2004) - A RealTimeStrategy game by Creator/ElectronicArts. |
| 198 | ** ''The Battle for Middle-earth II'' (2006) |
| 199 | ** ''The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king'' (2006) |
| 200 | * ''[[VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsTactics The Lord of the Rings: Tactics]]'' (2005) - A tactical role-playing game for the Platform/PlayStationPortable. |
| 201 | * ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsOnline'' (2007) - An MMO by Turbine. |
| 202 | * ''[[VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsConquest The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'' (2009) - A team-based action game by Pandemic. |
| 203 | * ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsAragornsQuest'' (2010) - An ActionAdventure game by Headstrong Entertainment. |
| 204 | * ''[[VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsMiddleEarthDefense The Lord of the Rings: Middle-earth Defense]]'' (2010) - A mobile game developed by Glu Mobile |
| 205 | * ''VideoGame/WarInTheNorth'' (2011) - An action-RPG by Snowblind. |
| 206 | * ''VideoGame/GuardiansOfMiddleEarth'' (2012) - A [[MultiplayerOnlineBattleArena MOBA]] by Creator/MonolithProductions. |
| 207 | * ''VideoGame/LEGOTheLordOfTheRings'' (2012) |
| 208 | ** ''LEGO The Hobbit'' (2014) |
| 209 | ** ''VideoGame/LEGODimensions'' (2015) - A MassivelyMultiplayerCrossover among licensed LEGO properties that includes elements from the Peter Jackson films, including Gandalf as one of the three main characters of the story mode. |
| 210 | * ''[[VideoGame/TheHobbitKingdomsOfMiddleEarth The Hobbit: Kingdoms of Middle-earth]]'' (2012) - A mobile game developed by Kabam. |
| 211 | * ''[[VideoGame/TheHobbitArmiesOfTheThirdAge The Hobbit: Armies of The Third Age]]'' (2013) - A browser game developed by Kabam. |
| 212 | * ''[[VideoGame/TheHobbitAnUnexpectedJourneyAJourneyThroughMiddleEarth The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - A Journey through Middle-earth]]'' (2013) - A browser game |
| 213 | * ''[[VideoGame/TheHobbitTheDesolationOfSmaugOrcAttack The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Orc Attack]]'' (2013) - A browser game |
| 214 | * ''VideoGame/MiddleEarthShadowOfMordor'' (2014) - An action-RPG by Creator/MonolithProductions in an AdaptationDistillation AlternateTimeline of both the books and Peter Jackson's films. |
| 215 | ** ''VideoGame/MiddleEarthShadowOfWar'' (2017) |
| 216 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: Legends of Middle-earth'' (2014) - An app-based game developed by Kabam. |
| 217 | * ''The Hobbit: Battle of the Five Armies - Fight for Middle-earth'' (2014) - A hack and slash for mobile |
| 218 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: Adventure Card Game'' (2019) - A digital version of ''The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game''. |
| 219 | * ''[[VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsJourneysInMiddleEarth The Lord of the Rings: Journeys in Middle-earth]]'' (2019) - Based on Creator/FantasyFlightGames' ''The Lord of the Rings: Journeys in Middle-earth''. |
| 220 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: Rise to War'' (2021) - A mobile strategy game developed by [=NetEase=], Inc. |
| 221 | * ''The Lord of the Rings: Heroes of Middle-earth'' (2023) - Turn-based strategy RPG for mobile devices. |
| 222 | * ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsGollum'' (2023) - Narrative adventure game from Creator/DaedalicEntertainment. |
| 223 | * ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsReturnToMoria'' (2023) - A co-op survival crafting game developed by Free Range Games and published by North Beach Games. |
| 224 | |
| 225 | !! Non-canonical works |
| 226 | |
| 227 | Non-canonical works are additions to the legendarium by authors other than Tolkien, with various legal status. They are not considered proper Arda or Middle-earth lore by Tolkien scholars or buffs, but rather form their own alternate continuities. |
| 228 | |
| 229 | * ''Literature/BoredOfTheRings'' - Parody of ''The Lord of the Rings'' written and published in 1969 by the staff of the Harvard University humor magazine, ''The Harvard Lampoon''. |
| 230 | * ''Fanfic/TheLastRingbearer'' - The novel by the Russian author Kirill Eskov, an alternative retelling of the ''Lord of the Rings''. |
| 231 | * ''Fanfic/BeyondTheDawn'' - The novel by the Ukrainian author Olga Chigirinskaya, set in the First Age of Arda. |
| 232 | * ''[[Literature/MuddleEarthStewart Muddle Earth]]'' - Another parody of ''The Lord of the Rings'' by Paul Stewart. |
| 233 | * ''Literature/TheSoddit'', a parody novel of ''The Hobbit'' by Adam Roberts that was marketed as a SpiritualSuccessor to ''Bored Of The Rings''. It got a prequel called ''The Sellamillion'' that parodied ''The Silmarillion''. |
| 234 | [[/index]] |
| 235 | ---- |
| 236 | !! Tropes appearing in multiple books of the ''legendarium'': |
| 237 | |
| 238 | %%%General or famous tropes mostly, please; details of specific works should go there to avoid clutter, unless they don't have a page yet. |
| 239 | |
| 240 | %%% |
| 241 | %%% Zero Context Example entries are NOT allowed on wiki pages. All such entries have been commented out. |
| 242 | %%% Add context to the entries before uncommenting them. |
| 243 | %%% |
| 244 | |
| 245 | * TheAgeless: Elves are naturally immortal; death can come though physical injury, poison, or mental/psychological injury. Orcs, who are ([[FlipFlopOfGod usually]]) understood as corrupted elves, are hinted in a few places to be similarly ageless, but this is not explicitly stated. |
| 246 | * AllAccessibleMagic: Elves often express some confusion as to what humans and hobbits mean by "magic", as they use it to refer to both the Elves' works, which are born from a very deep and broad knowledge of the world, and to Morgoth and Sauron's "deceptions". Elves have picked up a lot of knowledge over the course of their aeon-long lifespans and the tutelage of the world's creators, and can do things with it that ''seem'' magical (such as creating seemingly enchanted artifacts or shielding their lands from detection and decay), whereas wizards are actually the earthly forms of an order of angels called the Istari, and therefore know the laws of the universe by heart (having worked closely with the guys who wrote 'em in the first place). As such, even the most complicated and wondrous arts that they practice could be taught to people of other races with sufficient time and care. Morgoth and Sauron, being devils, probably actually do and teach witchcraft to their servants (but it's equally likely this is the same intimate knowledge of the laws of reality being put into practice). There are some things that can't be explained by real-lfife science, like "a mirror that shows the future" and "a ring that contains the soul and burning malice of an actual demon", but which still boil down to either things that are possible through ''in-universe'' "science" or the demons' dark works. |
| 247 | * AllThereInTheManual: The Appendices made up nearly half of ''The Return of the King''. |
| 248 | * AlwaysChaoticEvil: |
| 249 | ** Tolkien himself was troubled by the unfortunate implications of this trope. The problem is that races like the orcs were described in his published work as being almost genetically evil. As a believing and devout Catholic Tolkien realized the theological implications of this stance. Given the Catholic underpinnings of Arda's theology, Morgoth (the BigBad) may have corrupted the souls of elves to become orcs, but even with all Morgoth could do, any living creature should still have a chance, however small, of redemption, repentance and forgiveness. Tolkien's characterization essentially denied the possibility of redemption for the orcs. It was in part this conflict that kept him from releasing any of the other parts of his Legendarium in his lifetime, as he could never quite reconcile this portion of his fantasy world with his deeply-held faith. |
| 250 | ** Even in ''The Lord of the Rings'' there are hints that Tolkien may have wavered on this, as Elrond's reflections on the Last Alliance states that of all beings in Middle-earth, only the Elves were undivided. This means not only that some Men and Dwarves fought on the side of Sauron, but ''also'' implies that there may have been Orcs and Trolls that fought ''against'' his forces (though, [[EnemyCivilWar given the combative nature of Orcs]], they may not have fought on the side of the Alliance ''per se'', but used the conflict as an excuse to settle grievances between tribes). |
| 251 | * AngelsDevilsAndSquid: The setting has angels called Ainur, devils in the form of [[FallenAngel fallen Ainur]], and much stranger things that are neither. |
| 252 | ** Ungoliant is a colossal dark spider-like being of pure blight and destruction, said to come from the Void. |
| 253 | ** Gandalf briefly discusses "nameless things" that dwell deep underground. He doesn't go into much detail, but he mentions that they predate Sauron and are mysterious even to him. |
| 254 | ** Tom Bombadil may not seem like a "squid", but he still qualifies. There are suggestions he might be some kind of ancient elemental force, but his nature is vague and ambiguous (notwithstanding theories that he was a Maia who "went native"). Even Tolkien doesn't know what he is. |
| 255 | ** The Watcher in the water is commonly portrayed as a kraken-like creature, though Tolkien didn't describe the creature's attributes, save for having 21 tentacles. Because the ''Silmarillion'' notes that Morgoth's creatures universally shun water, it is likely that the Watcher, though malevolent, is not allied to Sauron. |
| 256 | * AnimalEspionage: Radagast's affinity with animals allows him to use them as his eyes and ears. |
| 257 | * AppropriatedAppellation: Many names and bynames. E.g.: Bilbo's (and later Frodo's) sword (technically dagger, but big enough for hobbits to be a short sword), Sting, got its name from the {{Giant Spider}}s Bilbo fought with it. Aragorn is given the name Strider by the Breelanders and later on uses it (translated into Elvish) as the name of his dynasty. |
| 258 | * ArtifactOfDoom: |
| 259 | ** The One Ring and the Nine Rings are the kind of artifacts that take over your mind, [[AgeWithoutYouth turn you into a wraith]], and usually make you Sauron's slave. Oh, and if Sauron ever gets the One Ring back he can take over the world. |
| 260 | ** The Seven Rings given to the Dwarves qualify to a lesser extent, causing them to fall to {{Greed}}. As for the Three Rings, which were made without Sauron's direct influence, they're not without danger, but only become a true example of the trope if subjugated under the One Ring. |
| 261 | * AuthorAppeal: |
| 262 | ** In case you missed it, Tolkien likes linguistics, trees, music, and [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Tolkien dark-haired grey-eyed women.]] |
| 263 | ** Tolkien's love of plants deserves a special mention, as academic botanists have examined the various descriptions of flora and its locations in different parts of the Legendarium and have found it to be highly accurate as regards real, non-magical plants. (Barring a couple of exceptions for artistic license.) |
| 264 | * AuthorAvatar: WordOfGod points to [[Literature/TheSilmarillion Beren]] and [[Literature/TheLordOfTheRings Faramir.]] In fact, "Beren" appears on Tolkien's tombstone under his real name. "Luthien" likewise appears on his wife's tombstone next to his. |
| 265 | * BadassBookWorm: Examples include Faramir and Finrod Felagund. |
| 266 | * BigBad: Morgoth in the First Age, Sauron in the Second and Third. |
| 267 | * BittersweetEnding: Tolkien put one at the end of nearly every single story he wrote. The Dark Lords and their servants ''are'' each defeated, but only after the loss or destruction of yet more of the ancient beauty of the world. The exceptions are the real [[DownerEnding Downer Endings]], such as the one in ''The Children of Húrin''. |
| 268 | ** In ''The Hobbit'', Smaug's dead and the dwarves got their gold, but thousands have been killed in the destruction of Laketown and the Battle of the Five Armies. |
| 269 | ** In ''The Lord of the Rings'', the Ring has been destroyed, but Frodo now has PTSD from all the things that he saw or experienced on his journey, the Elves all have to either leave Middle-earth or "diminish" from a proud race of Precursors into TheRemnant, and ten of thousands of people have been killed in the war. |
| 270 | * BlackSpeech: Sauron's Black Speech is the TropeNamer. |
| 271 | * BringNewsBack: As described in the extended account of the disaster of Gladden Fields. |
| 272 | * CentralTheme: |
| 273 | ** Throughout the Legendarium there is a continuing theme that being evil will end up [[VillainDecay destroying you]], even if you started out with [[WellIntentionedExtremist noble]] [[TheDarkSideWillMakeYouForget intentions]]. For example, Sauron began by wanting to bring order to the world and being one of the greatest [[OurAngelsAreDifferent Maia]]. However, by joining [[{{Satan}} Morgoth]] to do so he became more ruthless and cruel, ending up becoming the evilest being after Morgoth. Similarly, Saruman starts out as the greatest of the Wizards, but after joining Sauron (with the intention of [[TheStarscream betraying him]] once he gets the ring), is cast from the Istari, loses most of his power, and ends up using his power to bully and oppress Hobbits ForTheEvulz. |
| 274 | ** The claim that "nothing is [[RousseauWasRight evil in the beginning]]. Even Sauron was not so." When Sam sees one of the Southrons who fought for Sauron die he wonders whether he was really evil and would have preferred to stay at home. Tolkien himself criticized the way that during the war civilians were being killed in the enemy countries and found the idea of judging whole races bad horrific. |
| 275 | * ChangingOfTheGuard: Between ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'' |
| 276 | * TheChosenPeople: The Atani -- that is, humanity itself -- are the Chosen People. Unlike other races such as elves and dwarves, the fates of Men are not bound to Arda until it ends, but [[BlessedWithSuck through dying]] go ''beyond'' it. Therefore, they are said to have the ability to shape their destinies beyond the fate of the world, and were set apart by [[{{God}} Eru]] for this purpose. |
| 277 | * ColdBloodedTorture: Both Sauron and Morgoth are fond of it. Orcs do it for entertainment. |
| 278 | * ColorCodedWizardry: The five wizards who came to Middle-earth were Gandalf the Grey, Saruman the White, Radagast the Brown, and the Blue Wizards Alatar and Pallando, who went farther east and never appeared in any proper Middle-earth stories. |
| 279 | * ConLang: Tolkien stated that his interest in languages actually spawned Middle-earth as a place for them to exist. He created a world-full system of languages, language families and dialects ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Middle-earth#List_of_languages just read through them.]]), with an internal history, along with several scripts and modes in which they could be written. Although most of them are not actually fully detailed languages, several are more detailed, and at least the Elven languages Quenya and Sindarin are complete enough to be used, learned and spoken. The attempts by fan scholars and creators of adaptations (e.g. the Creator/PeterJackson films) to extrapolate from and expand the existing material are usually referred to as ''Neo-(insert language name)''. |
| 280 | * CommonTongue: Different lingua francas existed for different times and places: |
| 281 | ** In the westlands in the Second and Third Ages, the Common Speech was Westron, a mixed language developed from Mannish languages, mixing Adûnaic (Numenórean) and local Middle-earth languages. In the Third Age it was spoken by lots of peoples either as a mother tongue (e.g. hobbits and Breelanders) or as second language ''lingua franca''. In ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[TranslationConvention it is substituted by English]]. |
| 282 | ** In Beleriand during the wars against Morgoth, Sindarin became the ''lingua franca'' between all Elves, Dwarves, and Men. Even the Orcs used a twisted, debased version of it. |
| 283 | * ConstructedWorld: Arda is a sort of border case: It's a highly detailed example of worldbuilding, yet it's intended to be our own world's prehistory rather than a separate universe. |
| 284 | * TheCorruption: Because the Rings of Power were made with Sauron's methods, who in turn made the One Ring to rule them all, wearing the Rings exposes one to his power; the Nine Kings of Men were eroded completely and became the Nazgul. The One Ring itself, which contained a measure of Sauron's power, was the ruin of Isildur and Smeagol and came close to corrupting Bilbo and Frodo. Sam bore the ring briefly and seemed unaffected, but at the end of his life he was taken across the Sea for healing. No one who touched the Ring was unscathed. |
| 285 | * CreationMyth: The ''Ainulindalë'' (aka "The Music (literally "singing") of the Ainur"). The Ainur are basically the equivalent of the angels in Christianity. |
| 286 | * CrypticBackgroundReference: Often characters and the narrative refer back to the broad well of Middle-earth's history and culture, but don't necessarily explain those for the ignorant reader. Some of these references are explained through other material, while some are left entirely unexplained. |
| 287 | * DestructiveSaviour: |
| 288 | ** The people of Beleriand are relentlessly harried and killed by the evil Morgoth. The desperate remnant calls upon the Valar -- extremely powerful gods or angels. The Valar come in force, launch the "War of Wrath" [[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_of_Wrath]] and utterly defeat Morgoth -- but in the process, nearly all of Beleriand is flooded and sinks under the sea, only a few mountain tops surviving as small islands. And what would become the Elven kingdom of Lindon, which was originally the eastern edge of Beleriand (the Blue Mountains being the border of Beleriand). |
| 289 | ** The setting also has a Ragnarok equivalent in which the evil of Morgoth will be entirely purged from Middle-earth. Fortunately or not it will also be TheEndOfTheWorldAsWeKnowIt as all of Eä will be ''remade''. |
| 290 | * DirectLineToTheAuthor: |
| 291 | ** The core of the story (''Literature/TheHobbit'' and ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings'') exist InUniverse as Bilbo's diary and Frodo's account of his adventures, and is called the ''[[FictionalDocument Red Book of Westmarch]]''. This original ''Red Book'' was copied into an edition called ''The Thain's Book'', to which someone added a few volumes of "Translations from the Elvish" by Bilbo. This was copied in turn by one "Findegil, the King's Writer" -- the date this copy was made is the last dated event in the book, so we can presume Tolkien "discovered and translated" this copy. \ |
| 292 | The story begins with Bilbo's homely descriptions of the hobbit characters' interaction, gradually changes to Frodo's scholarly and [[PurpleProse slightly purple narration]] throughout most of the rest of the book, and ending with Sam's down-to-earth, humble (but still educated) language towards the end -- the second half of Book Six, detailing the Scouring and renewal of the Shire, is directly implied to have been written by Sam ("I ''have'' finished. The last few pages are for you"). |
| 293 | ** In ''Literature/TheBookOfLostTales'', the earliest version of ''Literature/TheSilmarillion'', the stories are told via a FramingDevice of elves telling them to an Anglo-Saxon mariner, [=Æ=]lfwine, who stumbled upon the Elvish island Tol Eressëa, who then [[CharacterNarrator writes them down]] and takes them back to England. His book is found long afterwards in the ruins of an old house and ends up with Tolkien who, being a Professor of Old English, translates it. The two contradict each other because the "Anglo-Saxon mariner" framing story gives us one version of events (''The Book of Lost Tales''), while Bilbo is the editor/author of ''Translations from the Elvish'' (aka ''The Silmarillion''), a different account of the same myths. |
| 294 | * DivineBirds: The TopGod Manwë is associated with air and sometimes sends birds with tidings, particularly eagles. In ''Literature/TheHobbit'', the eagles are independent yet prefer the forces of good over evil, whereas in ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings'' they are specifically ordered to help Gandalf and appear as DivineIntervention in the climax to help the army of Men and to rescue Frodo and Sam from Mount Doom. |
| 295 | * {{Doorstopper}}: ''The Lord of the Rings'' is a simply enormous book. ''The History of Middle-earth'', if taken together, is much longer. |
| 296 | * DragonsAreDemonic: Dragons, such as [[Literature/TheHobbit Smaug]] and [[Literature/TheSilmarillion Ancalagon the Black]], are described as creations of Morgoth (the setting's Satan {{Expy}}) that are inherently evil as a whole. |
| 297 | * DugTooDeep: The dwarves of Moria awakened a balrog in their excavations. It earned the epithet "Durin's Bane" and Moria was bereft of dwarves and populated with goblins by the time the Fellowship enter. |
| 298 | * EasterEgg: All of Tolkien's works about Middle-earth, as well as the many volumes of unpublished works edited by his son, have inscriptions (usually on the title page) that can be transliterated from his fictional alphabets into English. |
| 299 | * ElaborateUndergroundBase: Tons. Utumno, Angband, Khazad-dûm, Menegroth, Nargothrond, Erebor...the list goes on. |
| 300 | * EldritchAbomination: |
| 301 | ** Ungoliant in ''The Silmarillion''. She might be merely a fallen Maia of incredible power, but nobody is quite sure. She's said to have come out of the Void, and she became so powerful that she nearly devoured Morgoth himself. |
| 302 | ** "Far, far below the deepest delvings of the Dwarves, the world is gnawed by nameless things. Even Sauron knows them not. They are older than he. Now I have walked there, [[TakeOurWordForIt but I will bring no report]] to darken the light of day. " |
| 303 | * EnchantedForest: |
| 304 | ** Despite Tolkien's great love for trees and forests, his mythopoeia doesn't neglect this common trope of European myths and legends. The Old Forest, Taur-nu-Fuin, Mirkwood, and Fangorn all make use of it. Generally, however, only the forests that were severely abused by loggers or directly corrupted by the Dark Lords ended up this way. The only real exception is Doriath, because Melian deliberately made it that way to defend the kingdom from invasion. |
| 305 | ** Most Men believe Lorien is supernaturally dangerous, but it's not; the lies of Morgoth and Sauron, and, admittedly, the acts of the Elves themselves to defend their kingdom, have made them fear it. |
| 306 | * TheEveryman: Hobbits, who also double as the AudienceSurrogate in a world of mighty wizards and brave warriors. |
| 307 | * EvilCannotComprehendGood: Invoked several times. Saruman and Sauron make seemingly stupid mistakes, and are eventually defeated, because they can't figure out what their enemies are thinking. Morgoth likewise cannot comprehend the motives of good people, such as mercy. |
| 308 | * EvilCounterpartRace: Many of the Evil races are counterparts to the generally Good races, which might be {{justified}} by the fact that Morgoth, the originator of all Evil in Middle-earth sans (possibly) Ungoliant, explicitly cannot create new life or matter but can only pervert and corrupt what already exists. |
| 309 | ** Orcs in particular are seen as evil counterparts to the elves. Both races serve members of the Ainur (the orcs are specifically loyal to the fallen Vala Morgoth and later to the fallen Maia Sauron, whereas the elves are loyal to the rest of the Ainur pantheon), and beyond that, they practically act in reverse of each-other: elves enjoy sunlight and protect forests whereas orcs despise and destroy both these things, elves are generally creatures of wisdom, beauty and merry music whereas orcs are creatures of hate and monstrousness. Furthermore, although the exact origin of orcs is uncertain, one origin that was popularized by the ''[[Film/TheLordOfTheRingsTheFellowshipOfTheRing Fellowship of the Ring]]'' movie is that orcs were originally created from elves which Morgoth imprisoned and tortured beyond recognition. |
| 310 | ** Orcs can also be regarded as the evil counterpart of hobbits: both races are smaller than Men, but whereas hobbits like simple, rural living and are generally peaceful and kind folk beyond the odd gossip; orcs generally hate everything, even each-other, and tend to turn everything they can into monstrous industry. |
| 311 | ** The dwarves have a couple Evil Counterpart races: goblins and dragons. Goblins are said to be short and to enjoy living underground within mountains, whilst dragons are said to be greedy, covetous, apathetic to others, and prideful; and both species ''love'' hoarding treasure -- these are all traits which are also present in dwarves, but dwarves differ in that they can also be fiercely loyal, kind and hospitable. Furthermore, dwarves put the effort into making many of their riches themselves, whereas dragons and goblins simply steal them (it's explicitly stated that dragons can't make "so much as a brass pan" themselves). |
| 312 | ** Trolls were explicitly made by Morgoth as his own counterpart to the Ents. Both seem to be elemental beings to a degree (the Ents are essentially tree people whilst the trolls turn to stone in sunlight). Ents are protective tree-shepherds which can be slow to act, whereas trolls are simply flesh-eating, murderous monsters which are slow to ''think''. |
| 313 | ** The Balrogs are Evil Counterparts to the wizards. Both groups are Maiar in Middle-earth taking physical form, and some accounts even say there's a prime number of either group in total (there are five wizards, and some accounts hold that there were seven Balrogs in total although other accounts say there was many more). Whereas the wizards were sent to Middle-earth by Valinor to aid the Free Peoples and they're clothed in the forms of old Men, the Balrogs were created by Morgoth from Maiar who sided with him and were incarnated in the forms of shadowy, fiery demons. |
| 314 | * EvilIsSterile: A strong theme in both ''Literature/TheSilmarillion'' and ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings'' is that evil beings like Morgoth and Sauron are incapable of true creation, but can only corrupt what exists toward their ends. |
| 315 | * EvilOverlord: The Dark Lords Morgoth and Sauron play up this trope as they fall more and more into evil. Saruman also tried to become one, although his career was cut off before he became the lord of anything other than Isengard. |
| 316 | * EvilTowerOfOminousness: These appear frequently in Middle-earth where the Evil Overlords have set up: Barad-dûr, Minas Morgul, the Tower of Cirith Ungol in Mordor, and Orthanc in Isengard. Morgoth's Thangorodrim, the Mountains of Tyranny, fill the same conceptual spot in the First Age. |
| 317 | * EvilWeapon: One of the major themes of ''The Lord of the Rings'' is that evil can never be defeated by using evil methods. Using the One Ring could never have overthrown Sauron, except by setting up a new Dark Lord in his place, and Saruman descended into Dark Lord territory just from his lust for the Ring. In both ''The Silmarillion'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'', warfare in general is largely ineffective; people can and must defend themselves by warfare, but war is not what finally eliminates the Dark Lords from Middle-earth. JRRT very much treated war as an evil thing. |
| 318 | * ExploringTheEvilLair: Beren and Lúthien sneaking through Angband in disguise, Frodo and Sam sneaking through Mordor, Bilbo burglarizing Smaug's lair in Erebor, and Mablung poking around in Glaurung's lair in Nargothrond. |
| 319 | * TheFairFolk: Tolkien's treatment of the High Elves was a reaction to the way elves were dealt with in contemporary fiction -- either as this trope or as childish fairies. In Arda only ignorant Men like Boromir regard Elves as TheFairFolk. However, Tolkien's conception then [[FollowTheLeader caught on among later fantasy writers]] and in the end people like Creator/TerryPratchett reacted in turn back towards TheFairFolk. |
| 320 | * FantasyCounterpartCulture: With the exception of the Shire itself, which was modeled on the idealized 19th-century English countryside, the cultures of the westlands of Third Age Middle-earth are roughly equivalent to those of Dark Age Europe based on political situations and cultural aspects. |
| 321 | ** The political situation of Gondor and Arnor may remind one of Byzantium and Rome, who faced threats from the East (Huns, Ottomans, etc.) at various times in their history. Strangely, when Tolkien was asked about this comparison, he said that he regarded Gondor as being closer to AncientEgypt--who admittedly often had the same problem. |
| 322 | ** Gondor was a direct descendant of Númenor, whose culture sounds Punic. The fact they were bilingual (speaking both a Semitic-like Adûnaic language and Elvish Sindarin), were a seafaring people and worshipped an evil god named originally Melkor ("He who arises in might") match Ancient Carthage: speaker of both Punic and Greek, seafaring, worshipped a nasty[[note]]Not precisely ''evil''; evidence is scanty, with some suggesting him to be a deified former King of Tyre (Carthage was a Tyrian colony), and other suggest him to be more of a melancholy underworld god after the fashion of Hades[[/note]] god who demanded human sacrifices[[labelnote:NB]]These sacrifices were rare; they were strictly made by the ruling elite--Carthage was an oligarchic republic (not entirely unlike Rome, truth be told)--who would [[OffingTheOffspring sacrifice their own children]] in times of crisis, suggesting they were a last resort and a symbolic practice to show the populace that they were suffering, too.[[/labelnote]] and was named ''Melkart'' (which can be interpreted as "Mighty one"[[note]]A more accurate translation is "King of the City;" you can see this more easily if you speak a modern Semitic language (especially Hebrew): it's from ''Melk'' (Semitic root M-L-K=Hebrew ''Melech'', Arabic ''Malik'', meaning "king") and ''qart'' (Semitic root Q-R-Y=Hebrew ''kirya(t)'', Arabic ''qaraya(t)'', meaning "settlement" or "village").[[/note]]). |
| 323 | ** The Rohirrim have aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture, and have been compared to Vikings that rode horses rather than ships. Their Eotheod ancestors are based on the then-perception of Goths as a people of Germanic horse-warriors. The Rohirrim military is still this while their language has developed into the later Germanic language of Anglo-Saxon. The fact they had been a people of warrior-peasants whose entire culture ran around the horse and who lived on ''plains'' (as opposed to the hilly landscape of the British Isles) also makes them comparable 16th-19th century Russian UsefulNotes/{{Cossacks}}. |
| 324 | ** The Southrons are a vague, nonspecific representation of African and Middle-Eastern peoples, as in the medieval writings Tolkien emulated, which always spoke of these in exotic terms. Similarly, the Easterlings are a vague representation of nomadic peoples from the East (i.e. Huns, Tartars, Mongols). However, the Easterlings of Khand are called Variags, a term used for Viking mercenaries in Constantinople. |
| 325 | ** The Dwarvish language is inspired by Semitic languages and their displacement throughout Middle-earth draws comparisons with the Jewish diaspora, but the Dwarvish culture resembles more that of Early Middle Ages Germanic peoples: metalworkers, builders, axe-armed. |
| 326 | ** Please note that the languages he based his invented languages on do not necessarily determine the cultural equivalence of the people who use them. Sindarin was based on Welsh, and Quenya on Finnish, but Grey Elves aren't Welsh, and High Elves aren't Finns. |
| 327 | * FantasyPantheon: The one creator god, Eru Ilúvatar, and his creations the Ainur, Valar and Maiar, who function as angels or minor gods. |
| 328 | * FantasyWorldMap: Most of the books have a helpful map of the lands, geographic features, and cities. Or two. Or three. |
| 329 | * FireWaterJuxtaposition: Kings in Tolkien's works tend to die by fire, while queens tend to drown; |
| 330 | ** Feänor, Fingon, Turgon, Maedhros and Gil-Galad, all high-king of the elves, die by fire or heat. |
| 331 | ** Elwing and Idris both leave Middle-earth by sea, while Tar-Miriel of Númenor and Erendis drown. |
| 332 | * GenerationalSaga: Parts of the Legendarium cover in detail the rise and fall of the great elf houses, most notably the house of Fëanor, but also that of Thingol and Melian, various houses of Men like Húrin, etc. In the case of the elvish houses, the previous generations are highly active in influencing (and possibly scuttling) the fortunes of their heirs while everyone is still alive thanks to immortality. In the case of Beren and Lúthien's heirs, the story covers their lines of descent from their immediate children all the way to Aragorn and Arwen hundreds of generations later. Even hobbits are covered with the adventure of Bilbo leading directly into the far graver adventures of his heir Frodo. |
| 333 | * GiantSpider: Ungoliant in ''The Silmarillion'', Mirkwood's spiders in ''The Hobbit'', and Shelob in ''The Lord of the Rings''. They're all related: Ungoliant is Shelob's mother, and Shelob is the mother of the Mirkwood spiders. |
| 334 | %%%* GollumMadeMeDoIt |
| 335 | * GondorCallsForAid: The TropeNamer comes from the ''Film/LordOfTheRings'' films, but the reason that Gondor ''does'' call Rohan for aid is due to an event in the backstory of both nations. Back when the Rohirrim were the Éothéd, the ruling steward of Gondor sent Eorl the Young a last-ditch call for help during a siege, only to receive no reply. It turns out Eorl didn't answer because he only left a skeleton force to guard the noncombatants and brought every other capable warrior he had--not sparing one for a messenger. Thus, 7,000 cavalry and 500 archers turned up at Celebrant to ''everyone's'' surprise.[[note]]The messenger who found him, Borondir, rode with them[[/note]] |
| 336 | * GrandFinale: ''The Lord of the Rings'' marks the end of the Third Age of Middle-earth and is chronologically the very last installment. |
| 337 | * GreenAesop: The destruction of nature by industry is a common theme in Tolkien's work. |
| 338 | * HarmonyVersusDiscipline: Or, as Tolkien himself put it, Art versus Machine (or Magic). The Elves in his works are masters of Art (Harmony), which means using one's inherent potential of "subcreation" to the fullest, while the antagonists (Melkor, Sauron, Saruman) represent the Machine/Magic (Discipline), which means using whatever tools at hand to bend nature to one's will and rebel against the established order. |
| 339 | %%%* HealingHands |
| 340 | * HeavenVersusHell: The setting does not have a traditional Heaven or Hell, but the celestial creations of Eru Illuvatar, the Ainur, can be divided into the Forces of Good and the Forces of Evil, the latter being those fallen Maiar (lesser celestials) who have followed the fallen Valar (higher celestial) [[SatanicArchetype Morgoth]] in his ways. Thus, any fight between these beings fits the trope. Gandalf's battle against the Balrog, mostly an OffscreenMomentOfAwesome in the books but depicted onscreen in the Peter Jackson films, comes to mind. |
| 341 | * HeroicAmbidexterity: A posthumously published essay ("Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals") reveals that Tolkien at least for a time entertained the idea that elves are ambidextrous (although this never actually showed in any of the Middle-earth books). |
| 342 | %%%* TheHerosJourney |
| 343 | * HiddenElfVillage: The Elves generally survive in Middle-earth by hiding in out-of-the-way places such as Doriath, Nargothrond, Gondolin, Rivendell, and Lothlórien. They had larger countries too, but those tended to get destroyed first. |
| 344 | %%%* HighFantasy |
| 345 | * {{Hobbits}}: The TropeNamer and TropeMaker. |
| 346 | %%%* HonorBeforeReason |
| 347 | * IGaveMyWord: Interestingly, the keeping of binding oaths ends up leading to trouble more often than not. The Oath of Fëanor drives him and his sons to numerous outrages against their would-be allies. It's probably for this reason that Elrond tells the Fellowship explicitly that they are ''not'' bound by an oath and should only go as far as their own will dictates. |
| 348 | * IHaveManyNames: Rather common, due among other things, to: 1) having names and their translations in various languages, 2) people (and places/things) gaining names and ephitets due to their archievements/history, and more so if they travel and gain lots more names in different places, 3) Elves being an especially language-and-name-loving people and thus being generous with names, e.g. Elven custom gifting them with several names. |
| 349 | * IncorruptiblePurePureness: Several. |
| 350 | ** Hobbits are resistant to the corruption of the Ring because of their humble, honest, and forthright natures. The only two beings to ever voluntarily give it up, Bilbo and Samwise, are both hobbits. |
| 351 | ** Subverted with elves. Although it's true that Maeglin is the only elf who ever served the Enemy willingly (and after being tortured by him), other elves frequently demonstrated their ability to be arrogant, nasty, selfish, and outright murderous when they put their minds to it. |
| 352 | ** The Dwarves are interesting sort. Dwarves could be greedy and suspicious, but Aulë made them so stubborn-- in part to defend against Melkor's corruption-- that few Dwarves ever served Melkor or Sauron. |
| 353 | * IdyllicEnglishVillage: The Shire from ''Literature/TheHobbit'' and ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings'' is basically Tolkien's idealized version or a FantasyCounterpartCulture of an English {{Arcadia}} with hobbits. |
| 354 | * InhumanlyBeautifulRace: Elves in Tolkien's works are almost invariably described as being good-looking. The three best-looking females in the history of Middle-earth (Lúthien, Galadriel, and Arwen) are all Elves. The Valar also count, although they cheat, since their bodies are artificial and custom-made, so their beauty is limited only by modesty and imagination. |
| 355 | * InterspeciesRomance: Very rare, and usually requires implicit or explicit divine dispensation, but it does happen from time to time. |
| 356 | ** Melian, an angel, and Thingol, an elf. Thanks to angelic VoluntaryShapeshifting, Melian gave herself a flesh-and-blood body and the two had children. |
| 357 | ** Lúthien, Thingol and Melian's half-angel half-elf (but biologically elven) daughter, and Beren, a human. They had to [[{{Understatement}} jump through some hoops]] to get the okay from daddy, though. |
| 358 | ** Tuor, a human and son of Huor, wed Idril Celebrindal, an elf and daughter of King Turgon of Gondolin. Their son was Eärendil the Mariner, who successfully sailed to Valinor to plead Middle-earth's case to the Valar. |
| 359 | ** Aragorn, a human, and Arwen, an elf, with ''many'' parallels drawn to Lúthien and Beren above, right down to Aragorn needing to defeat the local DarkLord as an EngagementChallenge. This time, though, it wasn't because Arwen's father (Elrond) was being a dick-- he was Aragorn's foster father, after all-- but because the only way he was willing to leave his daughter behind in Middle-earth was if it were made safe from evil for the foreseeable future. |
| 360 | ** Tom Bombadil, the "eldest," and Goldberry, a river nymph. Even [[ShrugOfGod Tolkien]] isn't entirely sure ''what'' Bombadil is, but he's ''probably'' not a nymph. [[invoked]] |
| 361 | %%** Aegnor/Andreth (StarCrossedLovers... ''Oh, how!''), Finduilas/Túrin (one-sided), Mithrellas/Imrazôr (married until she pulled a MissingMom). |
| 362 | * InvisibleWriting: There are several kinds of magical invisible writing. First is called "moon letters" and is written with silver pens and unknown ink that is only visible in moonlight. In ''Literature/TheHobbit'', Thorin's map to Erebor has such invisible script. Second (not quite an ink but similar) is ''ithildin'', a metal alloy that only reflects starlight and moonlight when certain magical spells are recited, and is normally transparent, used to decorate the Gates of Moria which blend seamlessly with rock. Revealing ithildin is the only way to see these gates. |
| 363 | ** Bilbo Baggins's magic ring seemed ordinary enough, with nothing apparent on its inner surface. However, once Gandalf the Grey threw that ring into the hearth fire and later retrieved it, it's fateful inscription appeared: "One Ring to rule them all ..." |
| 364 | %%* LadyOfWar |
| 365 | * LeftJustifiedFantasyMap: The main action in Middle-earth takes place in what is meant to be Europe in an imaginary time-period. The Great Sea (Belegaer) corresponds to the Atlantic Ocean. |
| 366 | * LightFireJuxtaposition: Light is strictly divine, and it's associated with elves, Maiar, and forces of good. Fire, however, can be used by both good and evil forces and is more heavily associated with the latter: Morgoth, Sauron, dragons and Balrogs all utilize fire. |
| 367 | * MagicalWeapon |
| 368 | ** Elvish swords glow blue, but only in the presence of orcs or goblins. |
| 369 | ** The swords found in the barrow downs after the Hobbits' imprisonment there in ''Literature/TheFellowshipOfTheRing'' were forged in old Arnor, and seem to have some enchantment which allow Merry to wound the [[TheDragon Witch King of Angmar]] with it and thus allow Eowyn to finish him off. |
| 370 | ** In ''Literature/TheChildrenOfHurin'' Anglachel/Gurthang was a [[BlackSwordsAreBetter black sword]] made of ThunderboltIron that on top of being abnormally strong and able to resist the potent acid of a dragon's blood also possessed some degree of sentience, enjoying fighting evil, and briefly talked to Turin before his suicide, promising to kill him quickly and drink his blood so that it could forget being used to kill its master Beleg. |
| 371 | * ManlyTears: Crying is not stigmatized, and there are many instances of manly men weeping, whether it is for grief, terror, joy, or any other reason. (As men do in the old epics that JRRT emulated.) |
| 372 | ** To cite just one example: Aragorn is so overwhelmed with grief at the death of Boromir, weeping bitterly over the latter's body, that when Gimli and Legolas come upon the scene, they think at first that Aragorn himself has been perhaps mortally wounded. |
| 373 | ** Gandalf ''encourages'' Sam, Pippin, and Merry to weep when Frodo is going away forever. |
| 374 | --> ''"I will not say 'do not weep', for not all tears are an evil."'' |
| 375 | * MenActWomenAre: |
| 376 | ** In ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings'', Galadriel doesn't do much of anything beyond giving gifts and advice to heroes. However, Galadriel was a legit ActionGirl in the ''The Silmarillion'', leading her people across the local equivalent of the North Pole, on foot, when some JerkAss burned the ships that were supposed to come back for them. |
| 377 | ** Averted with [[ActionGirl Éowyn]], even dispatching the Witch-King of Angmar, leader of the Nazgûl. Even then, her status as female is part of the LoopholeAbuse to get around the prophecy that says "It is not by the hand of MAN that the Witch-King will be slain", a thing she points out. She also decides to StayInTheKitchen upon [[NoGuyWantsAnAmazon meeting and marrying a Gondorian noble]]. In fairness, he also settles down and becomes a NonActionGuy; he was never a warrior by choice, only taking up the sword in a defensive war against an imminent threat. |
| 378 | ** Aragorn's LoveInterest, Arwen, and Sam's LoveInterest, Rosie Cotton, are barely even characters, sitting at home and waiting patiently for the menfolk to come back from the war and [[StandardHeroReward marry them]]. |
| 379 | ** The effects of this trope are most obvious simply from how few mentionable female characters LOTR has, despite having tons of characters in total. Of the 38 entries on its [[Characters/TheLordOfTheRings character page]], only four are female, and one of them is a giant spider. [[Characters/TheHobbit The Hobbit's page]] has no women at all. No female characters ever join the lead adventuring party, even temporarily. |
| 380 | ** Averted with [[WorldsMostBeautifulWoman Lúthien]]. Her father sends her suitor on an impossible EngagementChallenge and locks her in a treehouse, supposedly for her own protection. Lúthien promptly escapes and rescues Beren, her suitor, from a dungeon. She then helps him with the quest (and arguably contributes more than he does), despite not being an ActionGirl in the traditional sense. She caps it off by putting ''Morgoth'' (Tolkien's equivalent of Satan) to sleep ''by singing''. One does not need to be a warrior to be a badass. |
| 381 | * MisplacedVegetation: The presence of potatoes and pipe-weed. Middle-earth is based on Europe, and both potatoes and the pipe-weed plant (which is specified as being a variety of ''Nicotiana'', or tobacco) are from the Americas. However, the colonial period had so entrenched them in English society that Tolkien included them even though they technically broke the rules of the setting.[[note]]It is something of an original sin of fantasy among the botanically inclined, as subsequent tales inspired by his works have gone on to carelessly use potatoes without regard to their origins.[[/note]] |
| 382 | * {{Mithril}}: The trope started with the "truesilver" of Moria in ''The Lord of the Rings''. |
| 383 | * MixedAncestryIsAttractive: Down the ages of Middle-earth, repeated mixed marriages first between the [[InhumanlyBeautifulRace angelic Maiar]] and the elves, and then between elves and Humans, have produced people of unearthly beauty. |
| 384 | ** ''Literature/TheSilmarillion'': Dior, (the son of Luthien, herself the WorldsMostBeautifulWoman, and half-elf and half-Maiar) is called "Dior the beautiful" and "Dior the fair", and the narration emphasizes that his "threefold race" heritage contributed to his beauty. |
| 385 | --->Then Dior arose, and about his neck he clasped the Nauglamir; and now he appeared as the fairest of all the children of the world, of threefold race: of the Edain, and of the Eldar, and of the Maiar of the Blessed Realm. |
| 386 | * {{Mordor}}, although the real Mordor is only in part a wasteland. The whole south of it is fertile farmland to feed Sauron's armies, it just isn't visited in any story. |
| 387 | * SugarWiki/MostWonderfulSound: [[invoked]]Part of Tolkien's aim in devising the Elvish languages. |
| 388 | * MutualEnvy: Elves and Humans envy each other. Humans are mortal and die after a comparatively short time, and our souls have to leave the World after we die, so we envy the Elves' "immortality." TheAgeless Elves, who ''very'' slowly get tired of living but can't die of old age and certainly can't leave the World dead or alive, know that they're all going to be here when it comes to an end. They envy Humans for being able to leave when we get "weary," and for having the option to keep existing after the end of Time. Elves call death a "Gift," which can rub mortals the wrong way. |
| 389 | * MysteriousBacker: Eru and the Valar in all of His works. |
| 390 | * {{Mythopoeia}}: JRRT named this genre and was one of the earliest authors (though not the first) to write in it. All of Arda was conceived as a set of myths and legends for England, because England didn't have any and because Tolkien regarded a language without legends as lifeless. |
| 391 | * NamesToRunAwayFromReallyFast: The names of the Enemy are usually Elvish (Quenya or Sindarin, to be precise), and will usually reflect how the Elves feel about them. For example, Melkor is Quenya for "He Who Arises In Might" and Morgoth is Sindarin for "Dark Enemy/Black Enemy". Sauron is Quenya for "Abomination", and his lesser used Sindarin name is Gorthaur, which means "The Abhorred Dread". |
| 392 | * NarrativePoem: Both as stories written by Tolkien in that format and as poems appearing or being referenced inside the narrative. |
| 393 | * NearVillainVictory: Tolkien coined the word "eucatastrophe" to describe this trope, and he used it at the end of both ''The Silmarillion'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''. |
| 394 | * NoManOfWomanBorn: ''The Lord of the Rings'' is co-TropeNamer with Creator/{{Shakespeare}}. In the case of ''The Lord of the Rings'', the Witch-King of Angmar is certain no man can defeat him. The ones who defeat him are ultimately a woman and a non-human, neither of which qualify as "man" in the ways the story uses the word. |
| 395 | * NoOneGetsLeftBehind: Leaving friends behind in danger is an anathema to most of the protagonists. Fingon went right into the heart of Morgoth's stronghold because he still had fond memories of his friendship with Maedros despite the subsequent kinslaying and betrayals of Maedros' father. Aragorn, Gimli, and Legolas chase an entire company of Uruk-hai across Rohan ''on foot'' for three consecutive days rather than leave the hobbits in their clutches. |
| 396 | * {{The Numbered Things}}: There's the Two Trees, the Two Lanterns, the Three Rings, the Seven Rings, the Nine Rings, and of course the One Ring. |
| 397 | * NurseryRhyme: ''Literature/TheAdventuresOfTomBombadil'' is an entire book of them. Scads more show up in ''The Lord of the Rings''. |
| 398 | * OlderThanTheyLook, ReallySevenHundredYearsOld: Life expectancy varies considerably among various peoples, even various human peoples, and by time and place. Additionally, some individuals have been extraordinarily longlived even by the standard of their people. |
| 399 | * OnlyOneName, {{UsefulNotes/Patronymic}}s, and IAmXSonOfY: Most cultures commonly have a given name(s) and use patronymics. Only the Hobbits and Men of Bree and the Shire use Western-style inherited family names. |
| 400 | * OurElvesAreDifferent: Elves are an ancient race and the first mortal people to be created. They're TheAgeless, and while they can be killed by violence they never succumb to old age. They're also more closely tied to the world than Men are; while Men's souls will depart the world for unknown destinations after death, Elves linger eternally as incorporeal wraiths. They're also a demising people, badly sapped in strength and numbers by ages of wars and calamities, and by the time of the War of the Ring the few to remain in Middle-earth are largely in the process of preparing to leave it for the earthy paradise beyond the western seas. |
| 401 | %%* PalantirPloy: The Palantíri in ''The Lord of the Rings'' are the trope-namers. |
| 402 | * PhosphorEssence: Especially Elves and sometimes members of other people are at times perceived as if a light shines through them or their eyes. With changed perception this can even be intensified, as Frodo while having ghostly vision sees the elf Glorfindel as a brilliant figure compared to the dark silhouettes of mortals. |
| 403 | * PhysicalReligion: At least for the Elves living in the West, the Valar and Maiar live as neighbours and interact with them. In Middle-earth open contact has been more rare and increasingly so; mostly single Ainur interacting with smaller populations or single individuals. For most peoples in Middle-earth, they only know of the Valar through legend, or they only have fragmented and filtered knowledge, if they even know of them at all. |
| 404 | * PlayfulPursuit: Luthien does this to Beren in one of the early versions of their tale after she's seen him watch her in the woods with a dreamy expression on his face a couple of times. She just wants him to meet her parents and inadvertently sets the plot in motion. |
| 405 | * PossessingADeadBody: It's left implicit, but it seems the Barrow-Wights are dark spirits inhabiting the bodies of the dead, rather than regular undead as their mythological inspiration. |
| 406 | * {{Precursors}}: Númenorean civilization. |
| 407 | * PrimordialTongue: Primitive Elvish is the ancient language of the first elves, who called themselves the Quendi, "those that speak with voices", to distinguish themselves from non-speaking animals. The modern elvish languages, Quenya and Sindarin, are its descendants; they sound so different because they evolved in geographically separated populations from a common ancestor. |
| 408 | * ProphecyTwist: The Witch-King of Angmar is confident that no man will slay him. He goes down to Eowyn and Merry, a woman and a hobbit. |
| 409 | * ProportionalAging: Hobbits live to about 90-100 years, with proportionate aging. Merry and Pippin, in their thirties, are considered young adults, and Frodo, in his fifties, is just shy of middle age. Hobbits are also noted to have their adolescence in their "tweens" (which in this case means twenty, not twelve). |
| 410 | %%%* ProudWarriorRaceGuy |
| 411 | * PyrrhicVictory: Common, as part Tolkien's belief that WarIsHell. You may be able to defend yourself through war, and may even defeat your enemy, but it will always come at very high cost. A few specific examples: |
| 412 | ** The War of Wrath in ''The Silmarillion'' ends with Morgoth's defeat, but the continent of Beleriand was laid waste in the battle and sank under the sea. (Also as a result, the Valar and Maiar decide to no longer user their power to directly intervene in the war against evil, making the later battles against Sauron all the more difficult.) |
| 413 | ** The Last Alliance managed to defeat Sauron, but lost so many people that the kingdoms of Elves and Men ended up depopulated and ripe for attack by Sauron's human allies, which led to the destruction of Arnor and the reduction of the Elves to just a few small settlements. |
| 414 | ** The final victory over Sauron in ''The Lord of the Rings''. The destroying of the Ring led to the final waning of 'magic' in Middle-earth and the departure of the remaining Elves to the West. |
| 415 | * RankScalesWithAsskicking: Generally the great heroes and villains in the stories are the princes, lords, and other aristocrats. It's rare for a "common" person like Samwise to be a great hero. |
| 416 | * RestrictedExpandedUniverse: |
| 417 | ** The video games have long faced restrictions from two opposite directions because the licenses to adapt original literary works and Creator/PeterJackson's [[Film/TheLordOfTheRings movies]] were sold to separate studios. On one side were the games unable to use any of the designs, lines or actors from the movies even when they were very well-known and liked (''The Fellowship of the Ring'', ''VideoGame/TheHobbit2003'', ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsWarOfTheRing'', ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsOnline''). On the other side were the games unable to include anything at all that was not explicitly referenced on-screen in the movies, severely limiting available plotlines (''The Two Towers'', ''The Return of the King'', ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsTheThirdAge'', ''VideoGame/TheBattleForMiddleEarth''). And of course, nobody at all has the rights to ''Literature/TheSilmarillion'' and ''Literature/UnfinishedTalesOfNumenorAndMiddleEarth'', placing events and characters exclusive to those books permanently off-limits. |
| 418 | ** Eventually, some studios were able to obtain both licenses, allowing for the games ''The Battle for Middle-Earth II'' (and its expansion pack) and ''War in the North'' to combine the likeness of actors and location designs with various elements that were AdaptedOut from the movies. The general consensus is that (quality of the gameplay nonwithstanding) this allows for a much more coherent Middle-Earth experience. |
| 419 | ** Meanwhile, ''VideoGame/TheLordOfTheRingsOnline'' is still going strong after seven years and five expansion packs, but its license is limited to ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings'' and its Appendices only. Rumours are, even ''Literature/TheHobbit'' material cannot be used if it wasn't also mentioned in LOTR as well. This, among other things, prevented the developers from making a proper tie-in to ''Film/TheHobbitAnUnexpectedJourney'' - players had to revisit Bilbo's path in the "present" days of the War of the Ring instead. |
| 420 | ** LOTRO also isn't allowed to change the main story in any way, so a lot of the quests don't directly relate to the plot ("Bring Me Twenty Wolf Ears") and those that do are portrayed as being things that help the main characters without actually being able to have a huge impact on the outcome. |
| 421 | * RightfulKingReturns: The whole ''Lord of the Rings'' ends on this note, with Aragorn taking the throne of Gondor after hundreds of years without a king. |
| 422 | * RingOfPower: The twenty Great Rings of Power, and countless lesser Rings, forged in Eregion under the guidance of "Annatar" (a.k.a. Sauron). |
| 423 | * RocBirds: The Giant Eagles are colossal, [[TheAgeless ageless]], [[NobleBirdOfPrey benevolent]] agents of the chief PhysicalGod on Middle-earth. Their leader Thorondor was described as 180 feet tall and powerful enough to scar [[GodOfEvil Morgoth]] himself. Although their true nature was left ambiguous, Tolkien speculated that they could be [[OurAngelsAreDifferent angelic Maiar]] in animal form. |
| 424 | * RoyalBlood: The kin of Númenor. Númenorians in general had longer lifetimes than baseline humans as a reward for fighting the forces of Morgoth, but the royal family took it even further by virtue of being descended from Tar-Minytaur, Elrond's brother and a half-elf. ([[HeinzHybrid more or less]]). Since the nobility of Gondor and Arnor are descended from Númenor's royals, they tend to have longer lifespans and some magical powers. This is later deconstructed in Gondor, since it leads to a civil war when king Valacar marries Vidumavi, the daughter of Vidugavia, the King of Rhovanion. |
| 425 | %%%* SacredHospitality |
| 426 | * SamusIsAGirl: Dernhelm is a woman? [[NoManOfWomanBorn Oh Crap!]] |
| 427 | %%%* SeriousBusiness |
| 428 | * ShadowArchetype: |
| 429 | ** Gollum is the Shadow of Bilbo and Frodo Baggins -- and, to some extent, Samwise. |
| 430 | ** Sauron is to an extent the Shadow of both Gandalf and Galadriel, while Saruman is a more specific shadow of Gandalf. |
| 431 | %%%* ShownTheirWork |
| 432 | * SpaceJews: In a late interview from the 1970s, Tolkien likened the Dwarves to Jews in terms of their Dwarvish language ''Khuzdul'' being Semitic-influenced, and in the way they maintained their own culture while living among others.[[note]]People taking this ''way'' beyond what he actually said make him out to be an anti-Semite, thinking he referred to the GreedyJew stereotype, though ''dvergar'' being associated with gold and riches come straight from mythology. Instead, he was a committed anti-racist, to the extent where he wrote a vicious letter to a publisher in UsefulNotes/NaziGermany who had asked if he was of "Aryan" descent, tearing the man down several pegs and pointing out the flaws in Nazi doctrine as only a Professor of Linguistics and expert on Norse/Germanic mythology can. He sarcastically pointed out that the true Aryans were Persians (Iranians) and Indians, and in response to the implied question about whether he was actually of Jewish descent, he said that he regretted he wasn't. A politer, but still harsh letter was sent instead.[[/note]] |
| 433 | * SpeakFriendAndEnter: The Gate of Moria in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is the TropeNamer. That password would have been so much easier to figure out if only Celebrimbor had used a comma! |
| 434 | * SpeciesSpecificAfterlife: Their respective fates after death are the most crucial difference between Elves and Men: |
| 435 | ** Elves, being strongly tied to the physical world, linger within it after death in the form of shades who are called to the Halls of Mandos, the dour lord of the dead. After an unspecified amount of time in the Halls, Elves are generally reincarnated into new bodies -- the most notable such case in the stories is Glorfindel, who died in a MutualKill with a Balrog in the First Age millennia before the events of ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings'', but reappears there living in Rivendell. Most afterwards remain in the Undying Lands where the Halls are located and the god-like Valar live, with only a few returning to Middle-earth. |
| 436 | ** Humans, instead, leave the world entirely after dying: where they go exactly isn't known, although it's often assumed that human souls are bound for the Timeless Halls of Eru -- {{God}} -- outside the world. |
| 437 | ** This poses a problem for the children of rare human-elven couples: half-elves inevitably have to choose to be either full Men or full Elves, in order to determine which afterlife they are to be bound to. The cost of this is that human-elven families and couples are forever separated after death, with the exception of the lovers Beren and Lúthien -- Lúthien was an Elf, but chose to become mortal, die as a human woman and depart the world alongside Beren at her death. |
| 438 | ** There is no concrete information on the afterlife of dwarves, though the dwarves and elves both have opinions. The elves think dwarves simply [[TheNothingAfterDeath turn back to stone]], while the dwarves think their god Mahal (Aulë) looks out for them and takes them to his own, separate halls, and after the end of the world, they will build another, Unmarred world alongside him. |
| 439 | * StandardFantasyRaces: One of the primary {{Trope Codifier}}s. Arda is home to humans, elves, dwarves and hobbits as the Free Peoples, and to the AlwaysChaoticEvil orcs and monstrous, ogre-like trolls as the primary {{Mooks}} of the DarkLord. Goblins, unlike in later works, are another name for orcs. There are also a few human nations (like the Haradrim and the Easterlings) who joined the DarkLord. Other creatures are [[{{Treants}} ents]] and [[GiantFlyer giant eagles]] on the side of good, and [[SavageWolves wargs]], dragons, the [[OurDemonsAreDifferent demonic]] balrogs and {{giant spider}}s (which are the spawn of the EldritchAbomination Ungoliant) on the side of evil. There are at least also two types of undead: the Ringwraiths are mortal kings who have been corrupted and now serve the DarkLord, whereas the Army of the Dead is oathbreakers who seek to fulfil their oath by aiding the True King of Gondor. |
| 440 | * StarsAreSouls: There is the singular and slightly-off example of the star Eärendil; although he technically neither died nor is the star himself, he was tasked to cross the sky in a flying ship with the last glowing Silmaril jewel, which is visible to us as Venus. |
| 441 | * StellarName: Very common with the Elves and their star-veneration; among others, the elements ''el-''/''elen-'' found in many names means "star". |
| 442 | * SuccessionCrisis: |
| 443 | ** The Kin-strife was a civil war fought in Gondor between 1432 and 1447 of the Third Age, caused by one of these. Unlike most examples, there was a rightful heir, Eldacar, son of the previous king Valacar. However, Eldacar was the son of Valacar and Vidumavi, the daughter of Vidugavia, the King of Rhovanion, resulting in a large portion of the country refusing to accept his legitimacy, instead supporting his distant relative Castamir. Eldacar eventually won the war, thanks to support from his mother's people and Castamir's [[TheCaligula own tyranny alienating the people]], but Gondor was devastated, and the port city of Umbar was lost. |
| 444 | ** An earlier and more devastating example came after the death of king Eärendur of Arnor. His three sons all claimed the throne, resulting in the kingdom being split into Arthedain, Cardolan and Rhudaur. King Amlaith of Arthedain was the eldest and considered legitimate, but never had enough support to reconquer the other kingdoms, which ultimately rendered it easy to conquer by Angmar. The line of Amlaith survives through the Dunedain chieftains, the last of which being Aragorn. |
| 445 | * SuperiorSpecies: Subverted with the Elves. |
| 446 | ** Biologically, the Elves are immune to old age and disease, and can only die of injury (and even then they eventually reincarnate). However, Tolkien presents the Men's mortality as a case of CursedWithAwesome, as the Elves are forever bound to Arda and will never be able to leave it, while Men can and do leave it when they die. |
| 447 | ** The Elves are also generally presented as morally superior to everyone else, especially in ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings''. Their leaders are the only ones to hold on to their rings and stay uncorrupted (although it was due to their rings being forged by Celebrimbor alone), and no Elves are known to have served in Sauron's army. This gets subverted in ''Literature/TheSilmarillion'', where several villainous Elven characters are introduced, and a darker past of some of ''[=LotR=]'''s characters, such as Galadriel, becomes known. The ''Silmarillion'' clarifies that the reason all the elves in ''Lord of the Rings'' are noble, wise, and good is that all the ''other'' ones got themselves killed in various hubristic ways over several millennia. |
| 448 | * SupernaturallyMarkedGrave: In particular, battlefields tend to become wastelands or marshes that last long after any sign of such events should. The same can happen where very evil beings die (such as the Witch-King of Angmar), and grass and flowers grow where good ones die. |
| 449 | * SupportingLeader: |
| 450 | ** Former TropeNamer (The Aragorn) and possibly TropeMaker. |
| 451 | ** Also Bard the Bowman and Gandalf in ''The Hobbit''. Bard is the long-lost descendent of the last King of Dale and noted as a natural leader who rallies the Lake-men against Smaug, while Gandalf is clearly the most capable and sensible member of Thorin's company. Bard only appears in the very end of the book, and Gandalf is explicitly not in charge of the expedition, instead leaving for a substantial period of time. |
| 452 | * SweetPollyOliver: Éowyn disguising herself as a man to join the army of Rohan during the War of the Ring, and successfully taking down the Lord of the Ringwraiths. Niënor disguising herself as a male elf to follow Mablung and Morwen out of Doriath, and subsequently[[spoiler:...uh, getting Mind Raped. Ew.]] |
| 453 | * TenderTears: Tolkien is rare amongst Western artists for creating consistently sensitive and soft-hearted men who do not see crying as shameful or dishonorable. |
| 454 | * ThemeNaming, various kinds: Theme Family Naming (including ThemeTwinNaming and AlphabeticalThemeNaming), naming conventions along a dynasty (be they birth or ruling names), or general ones (e.g. the hobbit tradition of naming girls after [[FloralThemeNaming flowers]] or [[RockThemeNaming gemstones]]). |
| 455 | * TimeAbyss: There are the Ageless people, like Elves and Ents, some many of them are thousands of years old. Then there's Tom Bombadil, who apparently came into existence the moment Arda was created, and still "remembers the first raindrop, the first acorn". ''Then'' there are the Ainur, all of whom were created before Arda and helped sing it into shape. |
| 456 | * TheTimeOfMyths: All the stories JRRT told about Middle-earth are set in our own world, but in an "imaginary time" before history and the Dominion of Men. |
| 457 | * TragicHero: ''Big'' time. |
| 458 | ** Frodo is the archetypical example. While the succeeds in his mission, he is forever marred by carrying the ring, and can no longer find the beauty in the world he helped save. In the end, he is taken to the West to find healing but never returns to Middle-earth. |
| 459 | ** Túrin Turambar is beset by one tragedy after another. His kin die, he accidentally kills his best friend, he unknowingly marries his sister, said sister commits suicide when she realizes what she's done, he murders an innocent man in a fit of fury and despair when the man reveals the truth of all this, and ultimately kills himself when he realizes he hasn't escaped his cursed fate. |
| 460 | ** Húrin, Túrin's father, is a great hero among men, until he's taken and tortured by Morgoth for decades, released only when he's sufficiently filled with rage at the world to cause even more damage, and also ultimately kills himself, realizing that everything he has done has ultimately helped Morgoth. |
| 461 | ** Celebrimbor, the grandson of Feänor, tries to undo his family's mistakes by forging the rings of power, which would help preserve the magic and beauty of the world. By doing so, however, he plays straight into Sauron's hands. Sauron then captures, tortures and kills him. |
| 462 | ** Pretty much every hero in ''The Silmarillion'' counts, actually. |
| 463 | * TranslationConvention: All of our real-world languages do not exist in Middle-earth, and so the common convention applies. When not convention-translated, names and speech make use of either Tolkien's constructed languages, or of a real-world language used as stand-in for a fictional one. The latter ones are not chosen randomly, but to represent the relation between the respective "proper" languages, or a certain image. Languages regularly replaced by stand-in languages in the text are: "Westron" a.k.a. the "Common Speech" is ''always'' rendered as English (as it is the Third-Age-novel's POV-character's language), the Rohirric language by Anglo-Saxon a.k.a. Old English (to appear vaguely familiar to the hobbits' Westron-English), the language used by the Dwarves of the Lonely Mountain and the Men of Dale by Old Norse, and other Germanic languages for various Northmen people. Information on the "translation" and what these languages "really" look like, can be found [[AllThereInTheManual in various appendices and additional texts]]. |
| 464 | %%%* TurnTheOtherCheek |
| 465 | * TurtleIsland: The Fastitocalon poem in ''Literature/TheAdventuresOfTomBombadil''. |
| 466 | * UniverseChronology: Tolkien wrote a Tale of Years for the first three ages of Arda, listing major events and the births and deaths of main characters. He also wrote the Annals, among the major First Age narratives that went into ''The Silmarillion'', as more detailed yearly chronicles. |
| 467 | * TheVerse: Well, duh. Also commonly referred to ''pars pro toto'' as "Middle-earth" and "Arda". |
| 468 | * VestigialEmpire: Many over the course of Arda's long history, most famously Gondor. |
| 469 | * WarIsHell: Tolkien, a UsefulNotes/WorldWarOne vet, did not believe in "the glory of war." |
| 470 | * WarriorPrince: Very common in Middle-earth. Most of the major characters are royalty or nobles, and nearly all of them (particularly the men) are warriors by inclination or necessity. Even Elrond, a healer and scholar in a culture where healers normally don't fight, is a capable military commander when he absolutely must be. |
| 471 | * WhenTreesAttack: The Ents were created because Tolkien had seen a production of ''Theatre/{{Macbeth}}'' as a child and was disappointed when it turned out that Birnam Wood itself didn't actually attack. |
| 472 | * WorldBuilding: Arda is a wonderfully detailed example of worldbuilding, which Tolkien called "subcreation." He had a whole philosophy and theory about subcreation in relation to his Catholic faith. |
| 473 | * WorldTree: The Two Trees, silver Telperion and golden Laurelin, provided light after Morgoth's destruction of the previous world lights. After he destroyed them too, their last flower and last fruit were made into the Moon and Sun; before, Telperion's dew had been used to kindle the stars. |
| 474 | * YouShallNotPass: Gandalf's speech in the movie ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', while a slightly paraphrased variation of the speech in the book, is the TropeNamer. |
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